侧钻井钻完井一体化工程可行性探讨
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摘要
某低孔低渗-特低渗气藏深层进行了2轮次的勘探,虽发现了高产井,但后期展开勘探未能规模突破;钻遇的深部硬脆性泥岩和火成岩地层井壁稳定性差,出现坍塌、掉块、漏失等复杂井下事故;储层试油、压裂改造效果不理想,发现和解放油气藏是面临的难题。提出在老井眼上进行开窗侧钻,尽可能保护储层高效开发的钻完井兼顾储层改造一体化工程设计思路。利用测井资料预测了储层出砂可能性及出砂临界压差,结合完井风险评估和储层改造要求,确定了侧钻井采用复合完井方式较好;进行了侧钻井地层三压力剖面预测,地层坍塌压力大于孔隙压力,实施欠平衡钻井易造成井壁坍塌;提出目的层进行储层专打的思路,论证了液相精细控压钻井优于气体欠平衡钻井,并配套了储层保护的液相钻井液体系。储层改造建议下部地层采用裸眼笼统压裂,压裂后产能预测达到了增产改造目的。
After two rounds' exploration in a certain deep low porosity, low permeability-extra low permeability gas reservoir,high-yield wells are achieved, but no large-scale breakthrough is realized during the late exploration. In the encountered deep layers of friable hard mudstone and volcanic rock, the wellbore stability is poor and complex downhole accidents happen, e.g. collapse, drop and leakage. The well test and fracturing stimulation results are not satisfactory and it is difficult to discover and liberate oil and gas reservoirs. It was proposed to carry out window sidetracking in old wells and ensure the design idea of integration engineering of well drilling and completion while paying attention to reservoir stimulation for reservoir protection and efficient development as much as possible. Then, the sand production possibility of the reservoir and the critical sand production pressure difference were predicted based on the logging data, and combined with the well completion risk evaluation and the reservoir stimulation requirements, it is determined that the composite well completion mode is better suitable for sidetracked holes. Tri-pressure profile prediction was conducted on the strata where sidetracked holes were located. It is revealed that the formation collapse pressure is higher than the pore pressure, so underbalanced drilling tends to result in wellbore collapse. Finally, the idea of only being used for reservoir in the target layers was put forward, it was demonstrated that the liquid-phase accurate managed pressure drilling is superior to the underbalanced air drilling, and the liquid-phase drilling fluid system with the property of reservoir protection was prepared. As for reservoir stimulation, it was recommended to carry out open-hole commingled fracturing in the lower reservoirs. The postfrac productivity prediction reaches the target of stimulation.
After two rounds' exploration in a certain deep low porosity, low permeability-extra low permeability gas reservoir,high-yield wells are achieved, but no large-scale breakthrough is realized during the late exploration. In the encountered deep layers of friable hard mudstone and volcanic rock, the wellbore stability is poor and complex downhole accidents happen, e.g. collapse, drop and leakage. The well test and fracturing stimulation results are not satisfactory and it is difficult to discover and liberate oil and gas reservoirs. It was proposed to carry out window sidetracking in old wells and ensure the design idea of integration engineering of well drilling and completion while paying attention to reservoir stimulation for reservoir protection and efficient development as much as possible. Then, the sand production possibility of the reservoir and the critical sand production pressure difference were predicted based on the logging data, and combined with the well completion risk evaluation and the reservoir stimulation requirements, it is determined that the composite well completion mode is better suitable for sidetracked holes. Tri-pressure profile prediction was conducted on the strata where sidetracked holes were located. It is revealed that the formation collapse pressure is higher than the pore pressure, so underbalanced drilling tends to result in wellbore collapse. Finally, the idea of only being used for reservoir in the target layers was put forward, it was demonstrated that the liquid-phase accurate managed pressure drilling is superior to the underbalanced air drilling, and the liquid-phase drilling fluid system with the property of reservoir protection was prepared. As for reservoir stimulation, it was recommended to carry out open-hole commingled fracturing in the lower reservoirs. The postfrac productivity prediction reaches the target of stimulation.
引文
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[17]李振选,熊腊生,马春晖,等.简易控压钻井技术在河西务构造的应用[J].钻井液与完井液,2017,34(5):58-61.LI Zhenxuan,XIONG Lasheng,MA Chunhui,et al.Application of simple managed pressure drilling technology in Hexiwu structure[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2017,34(5):58-61.
[18]刘伟,周英操,王瑛,等.国产精细控压钻井系列化装备研究与应用[J].石油机械,2017,45(5):28-32.LIU Wei,ZHOU Yingcao,WANG Ying,et al.Domestic accurate managed pressure drilling series equipment and technology[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2017,45(5):28-32.
[19]韩烈祥.CQMPD精细控压钻井技术应用与思考[J].石油钻采工艺,2018,40(5):559-562.HAN Liexiang.Application and thinking of CQMPDfine pressure controlling drilling technology[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2018,40(5):559-562.
[20]陈明,黄志远,马庆涛,等.马深1井钻井工程设计与施工[J].石油钻探技术,2017,45(4):15-20.CHEN Ming,HUANG Zhiyuan,MA Qingtao,et al.Design and drilling of Well Mashen 1[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2017,45(4):15-20.
[21]朱金智,游利军,张震,等.聚磺混油钻井液对深层裂缝性致密储层的保护能力评价[J].石油钻采工艺,2018,40(3):311-317.ZHU Jinzhi,YOU Lijun,ZHANG Zhen,et al.The protective ability evaluation of polysulfonate mixed drilling fluid for deep fractured tight reservoirs[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2018,40(3):311-317.
[22]邱正松,暴丹,李佳,等.井壁强化机理与致密承压封堵钻井液技术新进展[J].钻井液与完井液,2018,35(4):1-6.QIU Zhengsong,BAO Dan,LI Jia,et al.Mechanisms of wellbore strengthening and new advances in lost circulation control with dense pressure bearing zone[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2018,35(4):1-6.
[2]王德新,侯明勋.油层出砂预测模型研究[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2000,24(5):17-27.WANG Dexin,HOU Mingxun.Study on prediction model of sand production in oil layer[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China(Natural Science Edition),2000,24(5):17-27.
[3]练章华,刘永刚,张元泽,等.油气井出砂预测研究[J].钻采工艺,2003,26(5):30-36.LIAN Zhanghua,LIU Yonggang,ZHANG Yuanze,et al.Prediction of sand production in oil and gas wells[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2003,26(5):30-36.
[4]VAZIRI H,ROBBIE A,KIDD G,et al.Sanding:A rigorous examination of the interplay between drawdown,depletion,start-up frequency and water cut[R].SPE 89895,2004.
[5]OHEN H A.Calibrated wireline mechanical rock properties model for predicting and preventing wellbore collapse and sanding[R].SPE 82236,2003.
[6]MORITA N,WHITFILL D L,MASSIE I,et al.Realistic sand production prediction:Numerical approach[R].SPE 16989,1989.
[7]VáSQUEZ A R H,SáNCHEZ D M S,YáNEZ R L,et al.The diagnosis,well damage evaluation and critical drawdown calculations of sand production problems in the ceuta field,Lake Maracaibo,Venezuela[R].SPE54011,1999.
[8]王利华,邓金根,周建良,等.弱固结砂岩气藏出砂物理模拟实验[J].石油学报,2011,32(6):1007-1011.WANG Lihua,DENG Jin’gen,ZHOU Jianliang,et al.Aphysical simulation experiment on sanding in weakly consolidated sandstone gas reservoirs[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(6):1007-1011.
[9]曾流芳,刘建军.裸眼井出砂预测模型的解析分析[J].石油钻采工艺,2002,24(6):42-63.ZENG Liufang,LIU Jianjun.Analytical analysis of sand production prediction model for open hole[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2002,24(6):42-63.
[10]李亚强,钟树德,陈星元.欠平衡钻井技术综述[J].石油钻采工艺,2000,22(4):22-26.LI Yaqiang,ZHONG Shude,CHEN Xingyuan.Summary of underbalanced drilling technology[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2000,22(4):22-26.
[11]寇海成,朱坤科,吴建文.适合于欠平衡钻井的油气藏筛选依据[J].石油钻采工艺,2000,23(5):22-31.KOU Haicheng,ZHU Kunke,WU Jianwen.Filter basis for oil and gas reservoirs suitable for underbalanced drilling[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2000,23(5):22-31.
[12]胡辛禾.国外欠平衡钻井技术与装备现状[J].石油机械,2001,29(2):55-57.HU Xinhe.Current status of underbalanced drilling technology and equipment in foreign countries[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2001,29(2):55-57.
[13]TUDOR Robin著.加拿大的欠平衡钻井[J].国外钻井技术,1998,16(5):1-2.TUDOR Robin.Underbalanced drilling in Canada[J].Foreign Drilling Technology,1998,16(5):1-2.
[14]罗世应,孟英峰,李允,等.欠平衡钻井的应用前景[J].天然气工业,1999,19(4):55-58.LUO Shiying,MENG Yingfeng,LI Yun,et al.Application prospects of underbalanced drilling[J].Natural Gas Industry,1999,19(4):55-58.
[15]许期聪,刘奇林,侯伟,等.四川油气田气体钻井技术[J].天然气工业,2007,27(3):60-62.XU Qicong,LIU Qilin,HOU Wei,et al.Sichuan oil and gas field gas drilling technology[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(3):60-62.
[16]张杰,李皋.地层出气对气体钻井井壁稳定性影响规律研究[J].石油钻探技术,2007,35(5):76-78.ZHANG Jie,LI Gao.Effect of gas inflow on wellbore stability of gas well[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2007,35(5):76-78.
[17]李振选,熊腊生,马春晖,等.简易控压钻井技术在河西务构造的应用[J].钻井液与完井液,2017,34(5):58-61.LI Zhenxuan,XIONG Lasheng,MA Chunhui,et al.Application of simple managed pressure drilling technology in Hexiwu structure[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2017,34(5):58-61.
[18]刘伟,周英操,王瑛,等.国产精细控压钻井系列化装备研究与应用[J].石油机械,2017,45(5):28-32.LIU Wei,ZHOU Yingcao,WANG Ying,et al.Domestic accurate managed pressure drilling series equipment and technology[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2017,45(5):28-32.
[19]韩烈祥.CQMPD精细控压钻井技术应用与思考[J].石油钻采工艺,2018,40(5):559-562.HAN Liexiang.Application and thinking of CQMPDfine pressure controlling drilling technology[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2018,40(5):559-562.
[20]陈明,黄志远,马庆涛,等.马深1井钻井工程设计与施工[J].石油钻探技术,2017,45(4):15-20.CHEN Ming,HUANG Zhiyuan,MA Qingtao,et al.Design and drilling of Well Mashen 1[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2017,45(4):15-20.
[21]朱金智,游利军,张震,等.聚磺混油钻井液对深层裂缝性致密储层的保护能力评价[J].石油钻采工艺,2018,40(3):311-317.ZHU Jinzhi,YOU Lijun,ZHANG Zhen,et al.The protective ability evaluation of polysulfonate mixed drilling fluid for deep fractured tight reservoirs[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2018,40(3):311-317.
[22]邱正松,暴丹,李佳,等.井壁强化机理与致密承压封堵钻井液技术新进展[J].钻井液与完井液,2018,35(4):1-6.QIU Zhengsong,BAO Dan,LI Jia,et al.Mechanisms of wellbore strengthening and new advances in lost circulation control with dense pressure bearing zone[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2018,35(4):1-6.