贵州省监测点6月龄至5岁以下儿童贫血状况及影响因素
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摘要
目的了解贵州省监测点6月～5岁儿童贫血状况及其影响因素,为儿童贫血改善提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法对贵州省监测点853名6月～5岁儿童进行实验室检测血红蛋白含量,对家属进行相关问卷调查;采用非条件Logistic回归分析探讨儿童贫血的影响因素。结果 6月～5岁儿童贫血率为14.9%,其中轻度、中度、重度贫血分别占70.08%,29.13%及0.79%,且贫血率有随年龄增加而降低的趋势(χ~2=27.87,P<0.01)。Logistic回归分析显示,儿童贫血发生率与其是否定期监测儿童生长发育和辅食添加月龄大于6月呈负相关(OR值分别为0.34,0.19);相较于6～<12月龄组,其他高月龄组儿童更不易发生儿童贫血(OR值分别为0.23,0.09,0.07,0.07);儿童断奶月龄与发生儿童贫血正相关(OR=1.27)。结论贵州省监测点6月～5岁儿童贫血率偏高。应教育家长科学喂养,注意儿童体检,促进政府、医疗机构和家庭的合作,以达到有效降低儿童贫血率的目标。
Objective To understand the prevalence of anemia among children aged 6 months to 5 years old in Guizhou Province, providing a scientific basis for anemia intervention.Methods A total of 853 children aged 6 months to 5 years old and their families were chosen through a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method.All the participants were surveyed with relevant questionnaires and hemoglobin testing.Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to explore the associated factors.Results The anemia rate among 853 children aged 6 months to 5 years old in Guizhou was 14.9%, among which mild, moderate and severe anemia accounted for 70.08%, 29.13% and 0.79%, respectively, and the detection rate of anemia decreased with the growth of age(χ~2= 27.87,P < 0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that anemia was negatively correlated with regular growth monitoring.Children with complementary food supplements after 6 months old were less likely to develop anemia than children with complementary food supplements younger than 4 months; Compared with 6-12-month-old group, older children were less likely to develop anemia; Delayed weaning increased the risk for childhood anemia.Conclusion The prevalence of anemia among children aged 6 months to 5 years old in monitoring area of Guizhou province is still alerting.Introducing scientific feeding practice to parents, regular growth monitoring, deep cooperation among the government, medical institutions and the family, are vital parts in effectively reducing childhood anemia.
Objective To understand the prevalence of anemia among children aged 6 months to 5 years old in Guizhou Province, providing a scientific basis for anemia intervention.Methods A total of 853 children aged 6 months to 5 years old and their families were chosen through a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method.All the participants were surveyed with relevant questionnaires and hemoglobin testing.Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to explore the associated factors.Results The anemia rate among 853 children aged 6 months to 5 years old in Guizhou was 14.9%, among which mild, moderate and severe anemia accounted for 70.08%, 29.13% and 0.79%, respectively, and the detection rate of anemia decreased with the growth of age(χ~2= 27.87,P < 0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that anemia was negatively correlated with regular growth monitoring.Children with complementary food supplements after 6 months old were less likely to develop anemia than children with complementary food supplements younger than 4 months; Compared with 6-12-month-old group, older children were less likely to develop anemia; Delayed weaning increased the risk for childhood anemia.Conclusion The prevalence of anemia among children aged 6 months to 5 years old in monitoring area of Guizhou province is still alerting.Introducing scientific feeding practice to parents, regular growth monitoring, deep cooperation among the government, medical institutions and the family, are vital parts in effectively reducing childhood anemia.
引文
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[9]马德福,张玉梅,尤莉莉,等.中国七城市两乡镇3~11岁儿童铁缺乏及贫血状况调查[J].卫生研究,2014,43(2):224-227.
[10]赵春霞,杜雨峰,罗树生,等.晋黔贫困地区6~23月龄儿童贫血现状及影响因素研究[J].中国生育健康杂志,2017,28(5):416-420.
[11]盛丽华,徐英.5岁以下儿童贫血状况与影响因素分析及管理措施[J].中医药管理杂志,2018,26(7):16-18.
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[13]王蕾,苏潇歌,王超,等.我国中西部4省(自治区)农村3岁以下儿童贫血状况及其影响因素分析[J].中国健康教育,2013,29(5):390-393.
[14]郑举鹏.深圳3岁以下儿童贫血影响因素的调查研究[J].中国全科医学,2005(1):25-26.
[15]雷庆龄,戴碧涛,宪莹,等.儿童营养性缺铁性贫血的危险因素分析[J].中国当代儿科杂志,2014,16(1):16-19.
[16]李曼丽,于冬梅,刘爱东,等.中国贫困地区2~5岁儿童的贫血患病现状及家长喂养行为的影响因素分析[J].卫生研究,2011,40(2):147-149.
[2]MIR ANDA M,OLIVARES M,BRITO A,et al.Reducing iron deficiency anemia in Bolivian school children:calcium and iron combined versus iron supplementation alone[J].Nutrition,2014,30(7/8):771-775.
[3]陈锐,李嘉怡,许瑶,等.东莞市塘厦3~6岁儿童贫血情况及贫血原因的调查分析[J].实验与检验医学,2015,33(2):229-232.
[4]卫生部基层卫生与妇幼保健司,联合国儿童基金会,首都儿科研究所.中国儿童低出生体重、育龄妇女贫血及儿童维生素A缺乏开发部及其预防[R].北京:人民卫生出版社,2002:33-34.
[5]何春,贺海林,王泽宏,等.广东省惠州市城区13966例6个月~5岁儿童贫血情况分析[J].中国妇幼卫生杂志,2015,6(1):37-39.
[6]中国0~6岁儿童营养发展报告(节录)[J].营养学报,2013,35(1):1-4.
[7]房红芸,于冬梅,郭齐雅,等.2013年中国0~5岁儿童贫血现状[J].中国公共卫生,2018,34(12):1654-1657.
[8]王璇,范振崴.吉林市3~6岁农村留守儿童缺铁性贫血及影响因素分析[J].中国学校卫生,2018,39(1):109-110.
[9]马德福,张玉梅,尤莉莉,等.中国七城市两乡镇3~11岁儿童铁缺乏及贫血状况调查[J].卫生研究,2014,43(2):224-227.
[10]赵春霞,杜雨峰,罗树生,等.晋黔贫困地区6~23月龄儿童贫血现状及影响因素研究[J].中国生育健康杂志,2017,28(5):416-420.
[11]盛丽华,徐英.5岁以下儿童贫血状况与影响因素分析及管理措施[J].中医药管理杂志,2018,26(7):16-18.
[12]KHAN JR,AWAN N,MISU F.Determinants of anemia among 6-59months aged children in Bangladesh:evidence from nationally representative data[J].BMC Pediatr,2015,16(1):1-12.
[13]王蕾,苏潇歌,王超,等.我国中西部4省(自治区)农村3岁以下儿童贫血状况及其影响因素分析[J].中国健康教育,2013,29(5):390-393.
[14]郑举鹏.深圳3岁以下儿童贫血影响因素的调查研究[J].中国全科医学,2005(1):25-26.
[15]雷庆龄,戴碧涛,宪莹,等.儿童营养性缺铁性贫血的危险因素分析[J].中国当代儿科杂志,2014,16(1):16-19.
[16]李曼丽,于冬梅,刘爱东,等.中国贫困地区2~5岁儿童的贫血患病现状及家长喂养行为的影响因素分析[J].卫生研究,2011,40(2):147-149.