水青树生物学特性及培育技术研究进展
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摘要
水青树(Tetracentron sinense)是国家二级保护植物,是非常重要的珍稀濒危植物。由于受自身生物学特性、外界极端环境以及人类破坏等因素的影响,水青树种群在逐渐衰退。通过研究水青树独特的生物学特性,提高水青树的培育技术,以达到保护珍稀濒危物种以及开发利用的目的。本综述重点分析水青树的木材特性、种子特性,同时从培育方式如种子繁殖、组织培养技术等几个方面阐述目前水青树培育技术方面的研究现状,并提出建议以期为今后的研究作出参考。
Tetracentron sinense is a rare and endangered plant, which is a national second-class protected plant. Due to the influence of its own biological characteristics, external extreme environment, human destruction and other factors, Tetracentron sinense population is gradually declining. By means of researching biological properties of Tetracentron sinense and improving cultivation technology of Tetracentron sinense, we could achieve the purpose of protecting rare and endangered species and developing and utilizing them. We focused on the analysis of wood and seed characteristics of Tetracentron sinense, and expounded the current research status of Tetracentron sinense cultivation technology in several aspects such as seed propagation and tissue culture technology. Then we put forward our suggestions for the future research of Tetracentron sinense.
Tetracentron sinense is a rare and endangered plant, which is a national second-class protected plant. Due to the influence of its own biological characteristics, external extreme environment, human destruction and other factors, Tetracentron sinense population is gradually declining. By means of researching biological properties of Tetracentron sinense and improving cultivation technology of Tetracentron sinense, we could achieve the purpose of protecting rare and endangered species and developing and utilizing them. We focused on the analysis of wood and seed characteristics of Tetracentron sinense, and expounded the current research status of Tetracentron sinense cultivation technology in several aspects such as seed propagation and tissue culture technology. Then we put forward our suggestions for the future research of Tetracentron sinense.
引文
Cao L.L.,Gan X.H.,and He S.,2012,Effects of different geographical provenances and matrix on seed germination and seedling initial growth of tetracentron sinense,Guangxi Zhiwu(Guihaia),32(5):656-662(曹玲玲,甘小洪,何松,2012,不同种源及基质对水青树种子萌发及幼苗初期生长的影响,广西植物,32(5):656-662)
Chen J.J.,Du F.,Yang Y.M.,and Wang J.,2008,Rare tree species tetracentron sinense,Xinan Linxueyuan Xuebao(Journal of Southwest Forestry College),28(1):12-16,22(陈娟娟,杜凡,杨宇明,王娟,2008,珍稀树种水青树群落学特征及其保护研究,西南林学院学报,28(1):12-16,22)
Gan X.H.,Tian M.J.,and Luo Y.J.,2008,Study on the characteristics of seed germination of endangered plant Teracentron sinense Oliv.,Xihua Shifan Daxue Xuebao(Journal of China West Normal University(Natural Sciences)),29(2):132-135(甘小洪,田茂洁,罗雅杰,2008,濒危植物水青树种子的萌发特性研究,西华师范大学学报(自然科学版),29(2):132-135)Han H.Y.,Xu N.,Li S.,Zhang X.M.,Li X.,Li M.T.,and Gan X.H.,2015,The effect of low temperature during imbibition on germination characteristics of Tetracentron sinense(tetracentraceae)seeds,Zhiwu Fenlei Yu Ziyuan Xuebao(Plant Diversity and Resources),37(5):586-594(憨宏艳,许宁,李珊,张雪梅,李欣,李满婷,甘小洪,2015,吸胀期低温处理对水青树种子萌发特性的影响,植物分类与资源学报,37(5):586-594)
Lai G.F.,Wang X.Y.,Cao J.X.,Luo S.D.,and Wang Y.F.,2010,Extraction and seperation of the chemical constituents in Tetracentron sinense,Henan Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Henan University(Natural Science)),40(2):141-146(来国防,王先友,曹建新,罗士德,王易芬,2010,水青树茎干中化学成分的提取与分离,河南大学学报(自然科学版),40(2):141-146)
Li H.C.,2015,Study on population ecology of an endangered plant Tetracentron sinense Oliv,Thesis for M.S.,West Normal University,Supervisor:Gan X.H.,pp.40-41(李怀春,2015,濒危植物水青树种群生态学研究,硕士学位论文,西华师范大学,导师:甘小洪,pp.40-41)
Li H.C.,Gan X.H.,Zhang Z.P.,Zhang C.X.,and Song L.,2015,Effects of altitudes and the DBH of seed trees on biological characteristics of Tetracentron sinense(tetracentraceae)seeds,Zhiwu Fenlei Yu Ziyuan Xuebao(Plant Diversity and Resources),37(2):177-183(李怀春,甘小洪,张泽鹏,张春晓,宋蔺,2015,不同海拔与母树大小对水青树种子生物学特性的影响,植物分类与资源学报,37(2):177-183)
Li J.,and Jin Z.L.,1989,Wood ultrastructure and chemical element of Tetracentron sinense Olive of China,Dongbei Linye Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Northeast Forestry University),7(4):55-63(李坚,金钟铃,1989,中国水青树木材的超微结构与化学元素的研究,东北林业大学学报,7(4):55-63)
Liu S.X.,Fang G.Z.,and Wu B.G.,1992,Study on chemical constitution of benzene and alcohol extractive of Tetracentron sinense,Dongbei Linye Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Northeast Forestry University),20(2):49-54(柳顺熙,方桂珍,吴保国,水青树苯醇提取物的化学成份研究,东北林业大学学报,20(2):49-54)
Luo J.D.,Gan X.H.,Jia X.J.,Xie D.,and Zhang L.,2010,Biological characteristics of seeds of endangered plant Tetracentron sinense(tetracentraceae),Yunnan Zhiwu Yanjiu(Acta Botanica Yunnanica)32(3):204-210(罗靖德,甘小洪,贾晓娟,谢丹,张烈,2010,濒危植物水青树种子的生物学特性,云南植物研究,32(3):204-210)
Wan C.G.,1986,Effects of light temperature and chemical treatment on germination of Tetracentron sinense seeds,Wuhan Zhiwuxue Yanjiu(Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research),4(3):257-261(万才淦,1986,光温和化学处理对水青树种子发芽的影响,武汉植物学研究,4(3):257-261)
Wang H.,2017,Material composition theorem,new theories of inbreeding depression endangerment mechanism and heterosis,Fenzi Zhiwu Yuzhong(Molecular Plant Breeding),15(7):2762-2776(王浩,2017,遗传物质淘汰、优胜、组成规律,自交衰退、生物濒危、杂种优势新解,分子植物育种,15(7):2762-2776)
Wang Y.F.,Lai G.F.,Efferth T.,Cao J.X.,and Luo S.D.,2006,New glycosides from Tetracentron sinense and their cytotoxic activity,Chemistry and Biodiversity,3(9):1023-1030
Wu X.L.,Zhou R.H.,Duan J.A.,and Li J.S.,2000,Chemical constituents from the bark of Tetracentron sinense Oliv.and Trochodendron aralioide Sieb.et Zucc,Zhiwu Ziyuan Yu Huanjing Xuebao(Journal of Plant Resources and Environment),9(3):5-7(吴献礼,周荣汉,段金廒,李家升,2000,水青树和昆栏树茎皮的化学成分,植物资源与环境学报,9(3):5-7)
Xu L.,Li C.H.,and Xiong T.Y.,2006,Study on germination characteristic of Tetracentron sinense seed under different osmotic conditions,Zhongzi(Seed),25(11):33-35(徐亮,李策宏,熊铁一,2006,不同水分条件下水青树种子萌发特性研究,种子,25(11):33-35)
Xu N.,2016,Studay on seedling regeneration mechanism of an endangered plant Tetracentron sinense Oliv.,Thesis for M.S.,West Normal University,Supervisor:Gan X.H.,pp.40-41(许宁,2016,濒危植物水青树幼苗更新机制研究,硕士学位论文,西华师范大学,导师:甘小洪,pp.40-41)
Xu N.,Kan H.Y.,and Gan X.H.,2015,Effects of light and ground cover on seed germination and seedling initial growth of Tetracentron sinense,Zhiwu Ziyuan Yu Huanjing Xuebao(Journal of Plant Resources and Environment),24(3):85-93(许宁,憨宏艳,甘小洪,2015,光照及地面覆盖物对水青树种子萌发和幼苗初期生长的影响,植物资源与环境学报,24(3):85-93)
Zhang L.,Song X.J.,and Xu Y.H.,2017,Study on the infrared spectral characteristic of Tetracentron sinense wood,Hubei Nongye Kexue(Hubei Agricultural Sciences),56(7):1334-1339,1344(庄琳,宋小娇,徐燕红,2017,水青树木材红外光谱特征研究,湖北农业科学,56(7):1334-1339,1344)
Zhang P.,1999,Study of geographical distribution and biological properties of ecology on Tetracentron sinense,Yantai Shifan Xueyuan Xuebao(Yantai Teachers University Journal(Natural Science)),15(2):148-150(张萍,1999,水青树的地理分布及生态生物学特性研究,烟台师范学院学报(自然科学版),15(2):148-150)
Zhang P.,and Gao S.Z.,1990,Wood anatomy of tetracentraceae,Xibei Zhiwu Xuebao(Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica),10(3):185-189(张萍,高淑贞,1990,水青树科的木材解剖,西北植物学报,10(3):185-189)
Zheng X.W.,Zhang C.K.,Zheng Q.A.,and Tu Z.B.,2000,Study on the chemical constituents of the bark of Tetracentron sinense,Wuhan Zhiwuxue Yanjiu(Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research),18(6):536-538(郑向炜,张灿奎,郑庆安,屠治本,2000,水青树茎皮的化学成分研究,武汉植物学研究,18(6):536-538)
Chen J.J.,Du F.,Yang Y.M.,and Wang J.,2008,Rare tree species tetracentron sinense,Xinan Linxueyuan Xuebao(Journal of Southwest Forestry College),28(1):12-16,22(陈娟娟,杜凡,杨宇明,王娟,2008,珍稀树种水青树群落学特征及其保护研究,西南林学院学报,28(1):12-16,22)
Gan X.H.,Tian M.J.,and Luo Y.J.,2008,Study on the characteristics of seed germination of endangered plant Teracentron sinense Oliv.,Xihua Shifan Daxue Xuebao(Journal of China West Normal University(Natural Sciences)),29(2):132-135(甘小洪,田茂洁,罗雅杰,2008,濒危植物水青树种子的萌发特性研究,西华师范大学学报(自然科学版),29(2):132-135)Han H.Y.,Xu N.,Li S.,Zhang X.M.,Li X.,Li M.T.,and Gan X.H.,2015,The effect of low temperature during imbibition on germination characteristics of Tetracentron sinense(tetracentraceae)seeds,Zhiwu Fenlei Yu Ziyuan Xuebao(Plant Diversity and Resources),37(5):586-594(憨宏艳,许宁,李珊,张雪梅,李欣,李满婷,甘小洪,2015,吸胀期低温处理对水青树种子萌发特性的影响,植物分类与资源学报,37(5):586-594)
Lai G.F.,Wang X.Y.,Cao J.X.,Luo S.D.,and Wang Y.F.,2010,Extraction and seperation of the chemical constituents in Tetracentron sinense,Henan Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Henan University(Natural Science)),40(2):141-146(来国防,王先友,曹建新,罗士德,王易芬,2010,水青树茎干中化学成分的提取与分离,河南大学学报(自然科学版),40(2):141-146)
Li H.C.,2015,Study on population ecology of an endangered plant Tetracentron sinense Oliv,Thesis for M.S.,West Normal University,Supervisor:Gan X.H.,pp.40-41(李怀春,2015,濒危植物水青树种群生态学研究,硕士学位论文,西华师范大学,导师:甘小洪,pp.40-41)
Li H.C.,Gan X.H.,Zhang Z.P.,Zhang C.X.,and Song L.,2015,Effects of altitudes and the DBH of seed trees on biological characteristics of Tetracentron sinense(tetracentraceae)seeds,Zhiwu Fenlei Yu Ziyuan Xuebao(Plant Diversity and Resources),37(2):177-183(李怀春,甘小洪,张泽鹏,张春晓,宋蔺,2015,不同海拔与母树大小对水青树种子生物学特性的影响,植物分类与资源学报,37(2):177-183)
Li J.,and Jin Z.L.,1989,Wood ultrastructure and chemical element of Tetracentron sinense Olive of China,Dongbei Linye Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Northeast Forestry University),7(4):55-63(李坚,金钟铃,1989,中国水青树木材的超微结构与化学元素的研究,东北林业大学学报,7(4):55-63)
Liu S.X.,Fang G.Z.,and Wu B.G.,1992,Study on chemical constitution of benzene and alcohol extractive of Tetracentron sinense,Dongbei Linye Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Northeast Forestry University),20(2):49-54(柳顺熙,方桂珍,吴保国,水青树苯醇提取物的化学成份研究,东北林业大学学报,20(2):49-54)
Luo J.D.,Gan X.H.,Jia X.J.,Xie D.,and Zhang L.,2010,Biological characteristics of seeds of endangered plant Tetracentron sinense(tetracentraceae),Yunnan Zhiwu Yanjiu(Acta Botanica Yunnanica)32(3):204-210(罗靖德,甘小洪,贾晓娟,谢丹,张烈,2010,濒危植物水青树种子的生物学特性,云南植物研究,32(3):204-210)
Wan C.G.,1986,Effects of light temperature and chemical treatment on germination of Tetracentron sinense seeds,Wuhan Zhiwuxue Yanjiu(Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research),4(3):257-261(万才淦,1986,光温和化学处理对水青树种子发芽的影响,武汉植物学研究,4(3):257-261)
Wang H.,2017,Material composition theorem,new theories of inbreeding depression endangerment mechanism and heterosis,Fenzi Zhiwu Yuzhong(Molecular Plant Breeding),15(7):2762-2776(王浩,2017,遗传物质淘汰、优胜、组成规律,自交衰退、生物濒危、杂种优势新解,分子植物育种,15(7):2762-2776)
Wang Y.F.,Lai G.F.,Efferth T.,Cao J.X.,and Luo S.D.,2006,New glycosides from Tetracentron sinense and their cytotoxic activity,Chemistry and Biodiversity,3(9):1023-1030
Wu X.L.,Zhou R.H.,Duan J.A.,and Li J.S.,2000,Chemical constituents from the bark of Tetracentron sinense Oliv.and Trochodendron aralioide Sieb.et Zucc,Zhiwu Ziyuan Yu Huanjing Xuebao(Journal of Plant Resources and Environment),9(3):5-7(吴献礼,周荣汉,段金廒,李家升,2000,水青树和昆栏树茎皮的化学成分,植物资源与环境学报,9(3):5-7)
Xu L.,Li C.H.,and Xiong T.Y.,2006,Study on germination characteristic of Tetracentron sinense seed under different osmotic conditions,Zhongzi(Seed),25(11):33-35(徐亮,李策宏,熊铁一,2006,不同水分条件下水青树种子萌发特性研究,种子,25(11):33-35)
Xu N.,2016,Studay on seedling regeneration mechanism of an endangered plant Tetracentron sinense Oliv.,Thesis for M.S.,West Normal University,Supervisor:Gan X.H.,pp.40-41(许宁,2016,濒危植物水青树幼苗更新机制研究,硕士学位论文,西华师范大学,导师:甘小洪,pp.40-41)
Xu N.,Kan H.Y.,and Gan X.H.,2015,Effects of light and ground cover on seed germination and seedling initial growth of Tetracentron sinense,Zhiwu Ziyuan Yu Huanjing Xuebao(Journal of Plant Resources and Environment),24(3):85-93(许宁,憨宏艳,甘小洪,2015,光照及地面覆盖物对水青树种子萌发和幼苗初期生长的影响,植物资源与环境学报,24(3):85-93)
Zhang L.,Song X.J.,and Xu Y.H.,2017,Study on the infrared spectral characteristic of Tetracentron sinense wood,Hubei Nongye Kexue(Hubei Agricultural Sciences),56(7):1334-1339,1344(庄琳,宋小娇,徐燕红,2017,水青树木材红外光谱特征研究,湖北农业科学,56(7):1334-1339,1344)
Zhang P.,1999,Study of geographical distribution and biological properties of ecology on Tetracentron sinense,Yantai Shifan Xueyuan Xuebao(Yantai Teachers University Journal(Natural Science)),15(2):148-150(张萍,1999,水青树的地理分布及生态生物学特性研究,烟台师范学院学报(自然科学版),15(2):148-150)
Zhang P.,and Gao S.Z.,1990,Wood anatomy of tetracentraceae,Xibei Zhiwu Xuebao(Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica),10(3):185-189(张萍,高淑贞,1990,水青树科的木材解剖,西北植物学报,10(3):185-189)
Zheng X.W.,Zhang C.K.,Zheng Q.A.,and Tu Z.B.,2000,Study on the chemical constituents of the bark of Tetracentron sinense,Wuhan Zhiwuxue Yanjiu(Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research),18(6):536-538(郑向炜,张灿奎,郑庆安,屠治本,2000,水青树茎皮的化学成分研究,武汉植物学研究,18(6):536-538)