尾矿库干滩尾矿粒径的淤积特性研究
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摘要
基于江西贵溪某尾矿库的取样数据,采用试验和理论相结合的分析方法,对干滩尾矿粒径和坝体堆积尾矿的淤积特性进行了分析,结果表明:尾矿经旋流器分级后粒径变化明显,与原尾矿相比,干滩近端排放尾矿粒径大,而干滩远端排放尾矿粒径小;随着距子坝距离的增加,尾矿粒径百分比分布图的峰值和峰值对应的粒径逐渐减小,并且越往库内,尾矿的细粒百分比逐渐增大,细粒含量逐渐增加。干滩上的淤积尾矿平均粒径以及各粒径特征值总体上具有取样点距子坝越远,尾矿粒径逐渐变细的趋势。干滩上的淤积尾矿粒径在距子坝3.6 m和10.1 m处发生了突变,淤积尾矿的粒径变化可分为3个阶段:粗化阶段、缓慢细化阶段和快速细化阶段。由于水力分选、重力作用和筑坝方式的改变等原因,坝体堆积的尾矿有上粗下细的淤积规律。推导出不同粒径颗粒在干滩的运移距离公式,公式表明尾矿颗粒在干滩面淤积的位置与尾矿排放的初始流速成正比,与颗粒粒径和放矿浓度成反比。分析结果可为该类尾矿库的尾矿淤积规律和放矿方式的优化等提供借鉴和参考。
The characteristics of particle size and dam accumulated tailings are analyzed based on sampling data of a tailings pond in Guixi,Jiangxi Province,by the combination of experiment and theory analysis. Results show that the particle size variation of tailings sorted by hydrocyclone is more obvious,compared with the original tailings,the size of the tailings near the dry beach are large,while the tailings far away are small.With the distance from the sub-dam increase,the tailings particle size percentage distribution of the peak and peak corresponding to the particle size is gradually reduced. The proportion of fine particle tailings gradually increased along the pond to the dam. The size of deposition tailings on the dry beach changed abruptly at 3. 6 m and 10. 1 m away from the sub-dam,and the size changes of deposition tailings can be divided into three stages,coarsening stage,slow refinement stage and rapid refinement stage. The formula of the migration distance of particles with different grain sizes in dry beach is deduced,the formula shows that the location of tailings particles in the dry beach surface is proportional to the initial velocity of tailings discharge,inversely proportional to the particle size and ore concentration. The analysis results can provide reference for the deposition characteristic of tailings and the optimization of ore drawing method.
The characteristics of particle size and dam accumulated tailings are analyzed based on sampling data of a tailings pond in Guixi,Jiangxi Province,by the combination of experiment and theory analysis. Results show that the particle size variation of tailings sorted by hydrocyclone is more obvious,compared with the original tailings,the size of the tailings near the dry beach are large,while the tailings far away are small.With the distance from the sub-dam increase,the tailings particle size percentage distribution of the peak and peak corresponding to the particle size is gradually reduced. The proportion of fine particle tailings gradually increased along the pond to the dam. The size of deposition tailings on the dry beach changed abruptly at 3. 6 m and 10. 1 m away from the sub-dam,and the size changes of deposition tailings can be divided into three stages,coarsening stage,slow refinement stage and rapid refinement stage. The formula of the migration distance of particles with different grain sizes in dry beach is deduced,the formula shows that the location of tailings particles in the dry beach surface is proportional to the initial velocity of tailings discharge,inversely proportional to the particle size and ore concentration. The analysis results can provide reference for the deposition characteristic of tailings and the optimization of ore drawing method.
引文
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[3]邓涛,万玲,魏作安.温庄尾矿库堆坝模型试验及坝体稳定性分析[J].岩土力学,2011,32(12):3647-3652.
[4]毛静民,高大峰,刘捷,等.乌龙泉矿尾矿分类及特性研究[J].中国矿业,2013,22(8):69-72.
[5]尚晶.尾矿的沉积规律研究及尾矿坝渗流稳定性分析[D].武汉:中国地质大学(武汉),2013.
[6]费维水.尾矿坝稳定性分析中的若干问题研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2013.
[7]张千贵,王雅梦,李广治,等.尾矿坝变形细观力学机理的颗粒流数值模拟[J].重庆大学学报,2015,38(3):71-79.
[8]徐宏达.上游式尾矿坝的沉积规律[J].有色矿山,2003,32(5):40-43.
[9]颜学军.上游法尾矿堆筑坝坝体沉积规律探讨[J].稀有金属与硬质合金,2008,36(2):54-58.
[10]李思滢,梁川.江安河悬移质泥沙淤积规律分析[J].四川环境,2015,34(5):50-54.
[11]巫尚蔚,杨春和,张超,等.干滩表层沉积尾矿的细观几何特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(4):768-777.
[12]张东明,郑彬彬,尹光志,等.高浓缩分级尾矿上游法堆坝及模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(7):1832-1838+1867.
[13]尹光志,敬小非,魏作安,等.粗、细尾砂筑坝渗流特性模型试验及现场实测研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(S2):3710-3718.
[14]沃廷枢.尾矿库手册[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2013.
[15]杨丽雅.伯努利方程在水面曲线中的应用[J].地下水,2015,37(3):237-238.
[16]吴持恭.水力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1983.