浙江沿海无居民海岛植物群落物种组成及多样性
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摘要
无居民海岛是自然资源的宝库,人类活动对无居民海岛的影响日益剧烈,掌握它们的植物群落物种组成和多样性现状有利于进行海岛植被多样性的监测和保护。本文运用植物群落生态学方法,对浙江沿海5个无居民海岛的植被物种组成及多样性进行了研究。结果如下:(1)调查区域共记录到高等植物77科,166属,226种,其中草本151种,木本植物75种。基于双向指示种分析方法(TWINSPAN)分析,将该区域植物群落分为17个类型。(2)17个群落的物种Shannon指数均在1.91?—?2.60,Pielou指数(均匀度指数)值在0.80附近浮动,Margalef指数(丰富度指数)在1.86?—?3.80,各个群落的丰富度指数与多样性指数变化趋势大体一致,与群落均匀度无明显关系。植物区系成分多样,主要为泛热带成分和北温带成分。本研究可为我国沿海无居民海岛的资源保护及其开发利用提供科学数据。
Background, aim, and scope Nonresidential coastal islands are the treasure trove of natural resources,and human activities have an increasingly severe impact on nonresidential coastal islands. Mastering the current status of species composition and diversity of their plant communities is beneficial to the monitoring and protection of diversity of the island plants. Materials and methods This paper analyzes the vegetation composition and diversity of 5 uninhabited islands along the coast of Zhejiang based on the method of plant community ecology. Such as the sample method to survey plants, two-way indication method to determine the community names and quantitative description of community characteristics. Results The results are as follows:(1) A total of 77 families, 166 genera, and 226 species of advanced plants were recorded in the survey area,including 151 herbs and 75 woody plants. Based on the TWINSPAN analysis, the vegetation in this area was divided into 17 types.(2) In the 17 community, the Shannon index was between 1.91 and 2.60, the Pielou index(evenness index) was floating around 0.80, and the values of Margalef index(richness index) is ranged from 1.86 to 3.80. The comparative analysis showed that the richness index of each community is consistent with the trend of diversity index, and has no obvious relationship with community evenness. Discussion In the communities of each island, the dominant species are mainly Eurya japonica, Eurya emarginata, and Mallotus japonicus, they can be used as local characteristics of greening tree species because of their strong growth vitality. Due to the different size of the islands and the distance from the land, the plant communities of each island have different characteristics. Conclusions The flora of the nonresidential coastal islands of Wenling in Zhejiang Province is characterized by its distinctive coastal features, abundant plant resources, and mainly Eurya japonica. The distribution of seed floras is diverse, mainly the holatropical plants and north warm zone. Changes in community richness and diversity are less variable, and the evenness index is also stable at a value that does fluctuate by no more than 1.5. Recommendations and perspectives This study provides scientific data for the protection of resources and development and utilization of nonresidential islands along the coast of China.
Background, aim, and scope Nonresidential coastal islands are the treasure trove of natural resources,and human activities have an increasingly severe impact on nonresidential coastal islands. Mastering the current status of species composition and diversity of their plant communities is beneficial to the monitoring and protection of diversity of the island plants. Materials and methods This paper analyzes the vegetation composition and diversity of 5 uninhabited islands along the coast of Zhejiang based on the method of plant community ecology. Such as the sample method to survey plants, two-way indication method to determine the community names and quantitative description of community characteristics. Results The results are as follows:(1) A total of 77 families, 166 genera, and 226 species of advanced plants were recorded in the survey area,including 151 herbs and 75 woody plants. Based on the TWINSPAN analysis, the vegetation in this area was divided into 17 types.(2) In the 17 community, the Shannon index was between 1.91 and 2.60, the Pielou index(evenness index) was floating around 0.80, and the values of Margalef index(richness index) is ranged from 1.86 to 3.80. The comparative analysis showed that the richness index of each community is consistent with the trend of diversity index, and has no obvious relationship with community evenness. Discussion In the communities of each island, the dominant species are mainly Eurya japonica, Eurya emarginata, and Mallotus japonicus, they can be used as local characteristics of greening tree species because of their strong growth vitality. Due to the different size of the islands and the distance from the land, the plant communities of each island have different characteristics. Conclusions The flora of the nonresidential coastal islands of Wenling in Zhejiang Province is characterized by its distinctive coastal features, abundant plant resources, and mainly Eurya japonica. The distribution of seed floras is diverse, mainly the holatropical plants and north warm zone. Changes in community richness and diversity are less variable, and the evenness index is also stable at a value that does fluctuate by no more than 1.5. Recommendations and perspectives This study provides scientific data for the protection of resources and development and utilization of nonresidential islands along the coast of China.
引文
陈征海,唐正良,胡明辉,等.1996b.浙江海岛盐生植被研究(Ⅱ)--天然植被类型及开发利用[J].生态学杂志,15(5):6-11.[Chen Z H,Tang Z L,Hu M H,et al.1996b.A study on the halophilous vegetation of the islands of Zhejiang Province(Ⅱ):main types of natural vegetation and their exploitation and utilization[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,15(5):6-11.]
陈征海,唐正良,裘宝林.1995a.浙江海岛植物区系的研究[J].云南植物研究,17(4):405-412.[Chen Z H,Tang Z L,Qiu B L.1995a.A study on the flora of the islands of Zhejiang Province[J].Acta Botanica Yunnanica,17(4):405-412.]
陈征海,唐正良,张晓华,等.1995b.浙江海岛砂生植被研究(Ⅰ):植被的基本特征[J].浙江林学院学报,12(4):388-398.[Chen Z H,Tang Z L,Zhang X H,et al.1995b.Sand vegetations of the islands in Zhejiang(Ⅰ):basic characteristics of vegetations[J].Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College,12(4):388-398.]
陈征海,唐正良,张晓华,等.1996a.浙江海岛盐生植被研究(Ⅰ):植被的基本特征[J].生态学杂志,15(1):14-19.[Chen Z H,Tang Z L,Zhang X H,et al.1996a.A study of the halophilous vegetation on the islands of Zhejiang Province(Ⅰ):basic characteristics of the vegetation[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,15(1):14-19.]
郭?亮,孙海平,陈献志,等.1999.浙江省台州市海岛植物区系的研究[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),25(4):368-372.[Guo L,Sun H P,Chen X Z,et al.1999.Study on the flora of offshore islands in Taizhou City of Zhejiang Province[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Agriculture and Life Sciences),25(4):368-372.]
郭水良,于?晶,陈国奇.2015.生态学数据分析--方法、程序与软件[M].北京:科学出版社.[Guo S L,Yu J,Chen G Q.2015.Ecological data analyses-methods,programs and software[M].Beijing:Science Press.]
黄忠良,孔国辉,何道泉.2000.鼎湖山植物群落多样性的研究[J].生态学报,20(2):193-198.[Hang Z L,Kong G H,He D Q.2000.Plant community diversity in Dinghushan Nature Reserve[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,20(2):193-198.]
黄忠良,孔国辉,魏?平.1998.鼎湖山植物物种多样性动态[J].生物多样性,6(2):116-121.[Hang Z L,Kong G H,Wei P.1998.Plant species diversity dynamics in Dinghu Mountain forests[J].Chinese Biodiversity,6(2):116-121.]
马克平,黄建辉,于顺利,等.1995.北京东灵山地区植物群落多样性的研究Ⅱ:丰富度、均匀度和物种多样性指数[J].生态学报,15(3):268-277.[Ma K P,Huang J H,Yu S L,et al.1995.Plant community diversity in Dongling Mountain,Beijing,China:Ⅱ.Species richness,evenness and species diversities[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,15(3):268-277.]
马克平,刘玉明.1994.生物群落多样性的测度方法Ⅰ:α多样性的测度方法(下)[J].生物多样性,2(4):231-239.[Ma K P,Liu Y M.1994.Method for measuring biodiversity diversityⅠ:αdiversity(part two)[J].Chinese Biodiversity,2(4):231-239.]
彭闪江,黄忠良,徐国良,等.2003.生境异质性对鼎湖山植物群落多样性的影响[J].广西植物,23(5):391-398.[Peng S J,Huang Z L,Xu G L,et al.2003.Effects of habitat heterogeneity on forest community diversity in Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve[J].Guihaia,23(5):391-398.]
彭少麟,方?炜,任?海,等.1998.鼎湖山厚壳桂群落演替过程的组成和结构动态[J].植物生态学报,22(3):245-249.[Peng S L,Fang W,Ren H,et al.1998.The dynamics on organization in the successional process of Dinghushan Cryptocarya community[J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,22(3):245-249.]
施德法,郭?亮,吕洪飞.1996.台州列岛植物区系的研究[J].浙江林学院学报,13(1):48-52.[Shi D F,Guo L,LüH F.1996.Flora of the Taizhou islands[J].Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College,13(1):48-52.]
田?红,李文金,张玉珍.2015.高寒草甸对植物多样性短期丧失的响应[J].甘肃农业大学学报,50(1):93-98.[Tian H,Li W J,Zhang Y Z.2015.Response of alpine meadow to the short-term loss of plant diversity[J].Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,50(1):93-98.]
万利琴,丁炳扬,郭水良.2008.舟山群岛主要岛屿间种子植物区系的差异及其影响因素[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),34(6):677-683.[Wan L Q,Ding B Y,Guo S L.2008.Difference of spermatophyte flora among main islands of Zhoushan archipelago and its influencing factors[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Agriculture and Life Sciences),34(6):677-683.]
王?俊,王有方.1995.台州市海岛植被资源及其利用[J].林业科技开发,(4):46-47.[Wang J,Wang Y F.1995.The island vegetation resources and its utilization of Taizhou[J].China Forestry Science and Technology,(4):46-47.]
王有方,王?俊,何才宝.1996.台州市海岛乡土树种资源及开发利用调查研究[J].林业科技通讯,(12):19-21.[Wang Y F,Wang J,He C B.1996.Investigation on native tree species resources and their exploitation and utilization in Taizhou island[J].Forest Science and Technology,(12):19-21.]
王有方.1995.台州市海岛植被资源及其利用研究[J].浙江林业科技,15(3):36-41.[Wang Y F.1995.The island vegetation resources and its utilization of Taizhou[J].Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology,15(3):36-41.]
吴征镒.1991.中国种子植物属的分布区类型[J].云南植物研究,(S4):1-139.[Wu Z Y.1991.The areal-types of Chinese genera of seed plants[J].Acta Botanica Yunnanica,(S4):1-139.]
易?俗,黄忠良,欧阳学军.2001.鼎湖山生物圈保护区层间植物物种多样性的研究[J].生物多样性,9(1):56-61.[Yi S,Huang Z L,Ouyang X J.2001.Studies on the species diversity of interlayer plants of Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve[J].Biodiversity Science,9(1):56-61.]
He F L,Legendre P.2002.Species diversity patterns derived from species-area models[J].Ecology,83(5):1185-1198.
Liu J B,Ao G Y,Wang S,et al.2018.The effects of vegetation on runoff and soil loss:multidimensional structure analysis and scale characteristics[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,28(1):59-78.
Simonich S L,Hites R A.1994.Importance of vegetation in removing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the atmosphere[J].Nature,370(6484):49-51.
Steege H,Cornelissen J H C.1989.Distribution and ecology of vascular epiphytes in low land rain forest of Guyana[J].Biotropica,21(4):331-339.
Wang Q,Zhang Q P,Zhou W.2012.Grassland coverage changes and analysis of the driving forces in Maqu County[J].Physics Procedia,33:1292-1297.
Whittaker R H,Niering W A.1975.Vegetation of the Santa Catalina Mountains,Arizona V:biomass,production and diversity along the elevation gradient[J].Ecology,56(4):771-790.
陈征海,唐正良,裘宝林.1995a.浙江海岛植物区系的研究[J].云南植物研究,17(4):405-412.[Chen Z H,Tang Z L,Qiu B L.1995a.A study on the flora of the islands of Zhejiang Province[J].Acta Botanica Yunnanica,17(4):405-412.]
陈征海,唐正良,张晓华,等.1995b.浙江海岛砂生植被研究(Ⅰ):植被的基本特征[J].浙江林学院学报,12(4):388-398.[Chen Z H,Tang Z L,Zhang X H,et al.1995b.Sand vegetations of the islands in Zhejiang(Ⅰ):basic characteristics of vegetations[J].Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College,12(4):388-398.]
陈征海,唐正良,张晓华,等.1996a.浙江海岛盐生植被研究(Ⅰ):植被的基本特征[J].生态学杂志,15(1):14-19.[Chen Z H,Tang Z L,Zhang X H,et al.1996a.A study of the halophilous vegetation on the islands of Zhejiang Province(Ⅰ):basic characteristics of the vegetation[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,15(1):14-19.]
郭?亮,孙海平,陈献志,等.1999.浙江省台州市海岛植物区系的研究[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),25(4):368-372.[Guo L,Sun H P,Chen X Z,et al.1999.Study on the flora of offshore islands in Taizhou City of Zhejiang Province[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Agriculture and Life Sciences),25(4):368-372.]
郭水良,于?晶,陈国奇.2015.生态学数据分析--方法、程序与软件[M].北京:科学出版社.[Guo S L,Yu J,Chen G Q.2015.Ecological data analyses-methods,programs and software[M].Beijing:Science Press.]
黄忠良,孔国辉,何道泉.2000.鼎湖山植物群落多样性的研究[J].生态学报,20(2):193-198.[Hang Z L,Kong G H,He D Q.2000.Plant community diversity in Dinghushan Nature Reserve[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,20(2):193-198.]
黄忠良,孔国辉,魏?平.1998.鼎湖山植物物种多样性动态[J].生物多样性,6(2):116-121.[Hang Z L,Kong G H,Wei P.1998.Plant species diversity dynamics in Dinghu Mountain forests[J].Chinese Biodiversity,6(2):116-121.]
马克平,黄建辉,于顺利,等.1995.北京东灵山地区植物群落多样性的研究Ⅱ:丰富度、均匀度和物种多样性指数[J].生态学报,15(3):268-277.[Ma K P,Huang J H,Yu S L,et al.1995.Plant community diversity in Dongling Mountain,Beijing,China:Ⅱ.Species richness,evenness and species diversities[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,15(3):268-277.]
马克平,刘玉明.1994.生物群落多样性的测度方法Ⅰ:α多样性的测度方法(下)[J].生物多样性,2(4):231-239.[Ma K P,Liu Y M.1994.Method for measuring biodiversity diversityⅠ:αdiversity(part two)[J].Chinese Biodiversity,2(4):231-239.]
彭闪江,黄忠良,徐国良,等.2003.生境异质性对鼎湖山植物群落多样性的影响[J].广西植物,23(5):391-398.[Peng S J,Huang Z L,Xu G L,et al.2003.Effects of habitat heterogeneity on forest community diversity in Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve[J].Guihaia,23(5):391-398.]
彭少麟,方?炜,任?海,等.1998.鼎湖山厚壳桂群落演替过程的组成和结构动态[J].植物生态学报,22(3):245-249.[Peng S L,Fang W,Ren H,et al.1998.The dynamics on organization in the successional process of Dinghushan Cryptocarya community[J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,22(3):245-249.]
施德法,郭?亮,吕洪飞.1996.台州列岛植物区系的研究[J].浙江林学院学报,13(1):48-52.[Shi D F,Guo L,LüH F.1996.Flora of the Taizhou islands[J].Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College,13(1):48-52.]
田?红,李文金,张玉珍.2015.高寒草甸对植物多样性短期丧失的响应[J].甘肃农业大学学报,50(1):93-98.[Tian H,Li W J,Zhang Y Z.2015.Response of alpine meadow to the short-term loss of plant diversity[J].Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,50(1):93-98.]
万利琴,丁炳扬,郭水良.2008.舟山群岛主要岛屿间种子植物区系的差异及其影响因素[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),34(6):677-683.[Wan L Q,Ding B Y,Guo S L.2008.Difference of spermatophyte flora among main islands of Zhoushan archipelago and its influencing factors[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Agriculture and Life Sciences),34(6):677-683.]
王?俊,王有方.1995.台州市海岛植被资源及其利用[J].林业科技开发,(4):46-47.[Wang J,Wang Y F.1995.The island vegetation resources and its utilization of Taizhou[J].China Forestry Science and Technology,(4):46-47.]
王有方,王?俊,何才宝.1996.台州市海岛乡土树种资源及开发利用调查研究[J].林业科技通讯,(12):19-21.[Wang Y F,Wang J,He C B.1996.Investigation on native tree species resources and their exploitation and utilization in Taizhou island[J].Forest Science and Technology,(12):19-21.]
王有方.1995.台州市海岛植被资源及其利用研究[J].浙江林业科技,15(3):36-41.[Wang Y F.1995.The island vegetation resources and its utilization of Taizhou[J].Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology,15(3):36-41.]
吴征镒.1991.中国种子植物属的分布区类型[J].云南植物研究,(S4):1-139.[Wu Z Y.1991.The areal-types of Chinese genera of seed plants[J].Acta Botanica Yunnanica,(S4):1-139.]
易?俗,黄忠良,欧阳学军.2001.鼎湖山生物圈保护区层间植物物种多样性的研究[J].生物多样性,9(1):56-61.[Yi S,Huang Z L,Ouyang X J.2001.Studies on the species diversity of interlayer plants of Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve[J].Biodiversity Science,9(1):56-61.]
He F L,Legendre P.2002.Species diversity patterns derived from species-area models[J].Ecology,83(5):1185-1198.
Liu J B,Ao G Y,Wang S,et al.2018.The effects of vegetation on runoff and soil loss:multidimensional structure analysis and scale characteristics[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,28(1):59-78.
Simonich S L,Hites R A.1994.Importance of vegetation in removing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the atmosphere[J].Nature,370(6484):49-51.
Steege H,Cornelissen J H C.1989.Distribution and ecology of vascular epiphytes in low land rain forest of Guyana[J].Biotropica,21(4):331-339.
Wang Q,Zhang Q P,Zhou W.2012.Grassland coverage changes and analysis of the driving forces in Maqu County[J].Physics Procedia,33:1292-1297.
Whittaker R H,Niering W A.1975.Vegetation of the Santa Catalina Mountains,Arizona V:biomass,production and diversity along the elevation gradient[J].Ecology,56(4):771-790.