场景风险引导下驾驶人应激反应能力研究
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摘要
为研究先进驾驶辅助系统下驾驶人面对交通场景中突发事件的应激反应能力,利用自主开发的应激反应能力测试软件,通过设置场景风险提示来模拟先进驾驶辅助系统的引导作用。选取操作准确率、反应时间和额外反应次数为测试指标,测试不同信息引导方式下驾驶人的应激反应能力。运用认知评价理论调查被试对测试软件和试验的主观感受。结果表明,视觉、听觉和视听觉引导均能有效提升驾驶人的应激反应能力,缩短应激反应时间;视觉和视听觉引导比听觉引导效果更好;有信息引导的驾驶人额外反应次数较少;驾驶人应激反应能力能够通过训练和心理激励获得提升。
In order to study ability of drivers to respond to emergencies under situations with Advanced Driver Assistance System,self-developed software for testing emergency response is used to simulate guidance role of Advanced Driver Assistance System by setting risk alerts.Operation accuracy,reaction time,and extra reactions are selected as test indicators to measure emergency response ability of drivers under different guidance methods.Subjective feelings of the drivers to testing software and the test are investigated by cognitive evaluation theory.The results show that visual,auditory,and visual-auditory guidance can effectively improve emergency response ability and shorten response time.Visual and visual-auditory guidance are better than auditory guidance.Drivers with guidance have fewer extra reactions.Emergency response ability can be improved through training and psychological stimulation.
In order to study ability of drivers to respond to emergencies under situations with Advanced Driver Assistance System,self-developed software for testing emergency response is used to simulate guidance role of Advanced Driver Assistance System by setting risk alerts.Operation accuracy,reaction time,and extra reactions are selected as test indicators to measure emergency response ability of drivers under different guidance methods.Subjective feelings of the drivers to testing software and the test are investigated by cognitive evaluation theory.The results show that visual,auditory,and visual-auditory guidance can effectively improve emergency response ability and shorten response time.Visual and visual-auditory guidance are better than auditory guidance.Drivers with guidance have fewer extra reactions.Emergency response ability can be improved through training and psychological stimulation.
引文
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[20]POWELLEIT M,VOLLRATH M.Situational influences on response time and maneuver choice:development of time-critical scenarios[J].Accident Analysis&Prevention,2019(122):48-62.
[21]VENTSISLAVOVA P,CRUNDALL D,BAGU-LEY T,et al.A comparison of hazard perception and hazard prediction tests across China,Spain and the UK[J].Accident Analysis&Prevention,2019(122):268-286.
[22]DECI E L,CASCIO W F,KRUSELL J.Cognitive evaluation theory and some comments on the calder and staw critique[J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1975,31(1):81-85.
[23]HIRAOKA T,WANG T W,KAWAKAMI H.Cognitive function training system using gamebased design for elderly drivers[J].International Federation of Automatic Control,2016,49(19):579-584.
[24]HORSWILL M S,HILL A,WETTON M.Can a video-based hazard perception test used for driver licensing predict crash involvement?[J].Accident Analysis&Prevention,2015(82):213-219.
[25]HILL A,HORSWILL M S,WHITING J,et al.Computer-based hazard perception test scores are associated with the frequency of heavy braking in everyday driving[J].Accident Analysis&Prevention,2019(122):207-214.
[26]YAMAUCHI T,SEO J H,JETT N,et al.Gender differences in mouse and cursor movements[J].International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction,2015,31(12):911-921.
[2]SILLA A,LEDEN L,RAMA P,et al.Can cyclist safety be improved with intelligent transport systems?[J].Accident Analysis&Prevention,2017(105):134-145.
[3]WARSHAWSKY L L,SHINAR D.Drivers′brake reaction times.Effects of uncertainty,transmission type,driver age and gender on brake reaction and movement time[J].Journal of Safety Research,2002,33(1):117-128.
[4]PARKER D,LAJUNEN T,SUMMALA H.Anger and aggression among drivers in three European countries[J].Accident Analysis&Prevention,2002,34(2):229-235.
[5]MERAT N,JAMSON A H,LAI F C H,et al.Transition to manual:Driver behaviour when resuming control from a highly automated vehicle[J].Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,2014(27):274-282.
[6]VLAKVELD W,NES N,BRUIN J,et al.Situation awareness increases when drivers have more time to take over the wheel in a Level 3automated car:A simulator study[J].Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,2018(58):917-929.
[7]MALONE S,BRUNKEN R.The role of ecological validity in hazard perception assessment[J].Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,2016(40):91-103.
[8]WETTON M A,HILL A,HORSWILL M S.Are what happens next exercises and self-generated commentaries useful additions to hazard perception training for novice drivers?[J].Accident Analysis&Prevention,2013(54):57-66.
[9]FORSTER Y,NAUJOKS F,NEUKUM A,et al.Driver compliance to take-over requests with different auditory outputs in conditional automation[J].Accident Analysis&Prevention,2017(109):18-28.
[10]REMO M A,JANSSEN C P,DONKER S F,et al.Visual in-car warnings:How fast do drivers respond?[R/OL].(2018-03)[2018-12-07].https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2018.02.024
[11]赵炜华,刘浩学,刘玮,等.城市道路环境中驾驶人应激反应能力研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2011,21(7):10-14.ZHAO Weihua,LIU Haoxue,LIU Wei,et al.Research on stress response ability of drivers on urban road[J].China Satety Science Journal,2011,21(7):10-14.(in Chinese)
[12]吴初娜,曾诚.营运驾驶人应激反应能力研究[J].交通信息与安全,2014,32(5):71-76.WU Chuna,ZENG Cheng.Professional drivers′response ability under emergency situation[J].Journal of Transport Information and Safety,2014,32(5):71-76.(in Chinese)
[13]赵亮,刘浩学,石保同.复杂道路环境中驾驶人应激反应能力研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2015,25(4):105-109.ZHAO Liang,LIU Haoxue,SHI Baotong.Stress response ability of drivers in complex road environment[J].China Satety Science Journal,2015,25(4):105-109.(in Chinese)
[14]李显生,孟凡淞,郑雪莲,等.基于心率变异性的应激场景下驾驶人心理特性分析[J].上海交通大学学报,2018,52(2):163-168.LI Xiansheng,MENG Fansong,ZHENG Xuelian,et al.Psychological characteristics of drivers in the stress scene based on heart rate variability[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2018,52(2):163-168.(in Chinese)
[15]吕爱红,马勇,李腾飞,等.认知分心时驾驶人应激反应特征分析[J].中国安全科学学报,2018,28(7):7-12.LYU Aihong,MA Yong,LI Tengfei,et al.Analysis of stress response characteristics of driver with cognitive distraction[J].China Satety Science Journal,2018,28(7):7-12.(in Chinese)
[16]吕爱红,张雅丽,吴付威,等.驾驶人应激反应能力评估方法[J].交通信息与安全,2018,36(4):15-21.LYU Aihong,ZHANG Yali,WU Fuwei,et al.An evaluation model for stress response of drivers[J].Journal of Transport Information and Safety,2018,36(4):15-21.(in Chinese)
[17]LENARD J,ALEXANDRO B R,et al.Typical pedestrian accident scenarios for the development of autonomous emergency braking test protocols[J].Accident Analysis&Prevention,2014(73):73-80.
[18]XIA L,ZHU X C,MA Z X.AEB test scenarios under cut-in dangerous conditions[C].The 14th International Forum of Automotive Traffic Safety,Changsha,China:State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body(Hunan University),2017.
[19]On-Road Automated Driving(ORAD)committee.Taxonomy and definitions for terms related to driving automation systems for on-road motor vehicles:J3016[S].United States:SAE International,2014.
[20]POWELLEIT M,VOLLRATH M.Situational influences on response time and maneuver choice:development of time-critical scenarios[J].Accident Analysis&Prevention,2019(122):48-62.
[21]VENTSISLAVOVA P,CRUNDALL D,BAGU-LEY T,et al.A comparison of hazard perception and hazard prediction tests across China,Spain and the UK[J].Accident Analysis&Prevention,2019(122):268-286.
[22]DECI E L,CASCIO W F,KRUSELL J.Cognitive evaluation theory and some comments on the calder and staw critique[J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1975,31(1):81-85.
[23]HIRAOKA T,WANG T W,KAWAKAMI H.Cognitive function training system using gamebased design for elderly drivers[J].International Federation of Automatic Control,2016,49(19):579-584.
[24]HORSWILL M S,HILL A,WETTON M.Can a video-based hazard perception test used for driver licensing predict crash involvement?[J].Accident Analysis&Prevention,2015(82):213-219.
[25]HILL A,HORSWILL M S,WHITING J,et al.Computer-based hazard perception test scores are associated with the frequency of heavy braking in everyday driving[J].Accident Analysis&Prevention,2019(122):207-214.
[26]YAMAUCHI T,SEO J H,JETT N,et al.Gender differences in mouse and cursor movements[J].International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction,2015,31(12):911-921.