基于振动分析法的变压器非电量状态监测与诊断研究
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摘要
振动分析法可在不停机、不解体的情况下实现变压器的状态监测与故障诊断,对提高设备运行可靠性具有重要意义。变压器表面的振动与变压器绕组及铁心的压紧状态、位移、形变等密切相关,国内外学者对其进行了深入广泛的研究。对振动分析中的数值计算分析方法、振动测试技术进行了叙述,结合快速傅里叶变换、小波、希尔伯特黄变换、盲源分离技术介绍了信号处理方法在变压器振动分析中的应用,阐述了声学分析方法在变压器异常情况下的作用。对在线监测系统和离线振动频响的基本分析方法进行了简述。结合振动分析方法在变压器诊断应用中的趋势和难点,给出了需要深入研究的方向。
Vibration analysis method can realize condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of transformer without shutdown and disintegration, which is meaningful to improve the reliability of equipment operation. The vibration of transformer surface is closely related to the compaction state, displacement and deformation of transformer windings and cores, and has been extensively studied by domestic and foreign scholar. The numerical calculation and analysis methods and vibration testing techniques in vibration analysis was described. The application of signal processing methods in transformer vibration analysis was introduced in combination with fast Fourier transform(FFT), wavelet, Hilbert-Huang transform(HHT) and blind source separation technology. The role of acoustic analysis methods in transformer abnormal conditions was expounded. The development of the test device was briefly described, mainly the on-line monitoring system and the basic analysis method of off-line vibrabion frequency response analysis(VFRA). According to the trend and difficulty of vibration analysis method in transformer diagnosis application, the direction of further research was given.
Vibration analysis method can realize condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of transformer without shutdown and disintegration, which is meaningful to improve the reliability of equipment operation. The vibration of transformer surface is closely related to the compaction state, displacement and deformation of transformer windings and cores, and has been extensively studied by domestic and foreign scholar. The numerical calculation and analysis methods and vibration testing techniques in vibration analysis was described. The application of signal processing methods in transformer vibration analysis was introduced in combination with fast Fourier transform(FFT), wavelet, Hilbert-Huang transform(HHT) and blind source separation technology. The role of acoustic analysis methods in transformer abnormal conditions was expounded. The development of the test device was briefly described, mainly the on-line monitoring system and the basic analysis method of off-line vibrabion frequency response analysis(VFRA). According to the trend and difficulty of vibration analysis method in transformer diagnosis application, the direction of further research was given.
引文
[1]《变压器》杂志社编委会.电力变压器故障规律与分析[R].2011.
[2]陈进.机械设备振动监测与故障诊断[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,1999.
[3]汲胜昌,李彦明,徐大可.振动法用于在线监测电力变压器的可行性研究[C]//中国电机工程学会电力设备状态检修研讨会,北京,2007.
[4]孟永鹏,钟波,贾申利.振动分析在电力设备状态检测中的应用和发展[J].高压电器,2005,41(6):461-465.
[5]LavalleJ C.Failure detection in transformers using vibration analysis[D].MS Thesis,MIT,Cambridg,MA,USA,1986.
[6]Chung C,You C.Fault discrimination of power transformers using vibration analysis[C]//Proceedings of Integrating dynamics condition monitoring and controlling conference 21st Century,Balkema,Rotterdam,1999:523-529.
[7]McCarthy D.An adaptive model for vibration monitoring of power transformers[M].The MIT Press,1987.
[8]Lee S.Modeling of winding vibration amplitude for diagnosis of power transformer[D].Soongsil University,Korea,1994.
[9]Kim H.A study on the adaptive noise cancellation of transformer vibration signal[D].Korea:Soongsil University,1995.
[10]Park S.Fault determination of power transformer by using analysis of vibration signal[D].Korea:Soongsil University,1996.
[11]Berler Z,Golubev A.Vibra-Acoustic method of transformer clamping pressure monitoring[C]//Conference Record of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation,Anaheim,CA,USA,2000:263-266.
[12]Garcia B,Burgos J C,Alonso A M.Transformers tank vibration modeling as a method of detecting winding deformations-part I:theoretical foundation[J].IEEETransaction on Power Delivery,2006(21):157-163.
[13]Garcia B,Burgos J C,Alonso A M.Transformers tank vibration modeling as a method of detecting winding deformations-part II:experimental verification[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2006(21):164-169,.
[14]汲胜昌,刘味果,单平,等.变压器铁芯及绕组状况的振动测试系统[J].高电压技术,2000,26(6):1-3.
[15]汲胜昌,刘味果,李彦明,等.振动法用于在线监测电力变压器绕组及铁芯状况的可行性研究[J].高电压技术,2001,37(5):4-7.
[16]汲胜昌,刘味果,李彦明.小波包分析在振动法监测变压器铁芯及绕组状态中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2001,21(12):24-27.
[17]汲胜昌,何义,李彦明,等.电力变压器空载状况下的振动特性研究[J].高电压技术,2001,27(5):47-48.
[18]汲胜昌.变压器绕组与铁心振动特性及其在故障监测中的应用研究[D].西安:西安交通大学,2003.
[19]谢坡岸,饶柱石,朱子述.大型变压器绕组有限元建模与分析[J].振动与冲击,2006,25(2):134-137.
[20]谢坡岸,金之俭,饶柱石,等.空载时用振动法检测变压器绕组的压紧状态[J].高电压技术,2007,33(3):188-189.
[21]谢坡岸.振动分析法在电力变压器绕组状态监测中的应用研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2008.
[22]袁国刚,谢坡岸,静波,等.轴向预紧力对变压器绕组振动特性的影响[J].噪声与振动控制,2003(2):25-27.
[23]邵宇鹰,饶柱石,谢坡岸,等.预紧力对变压器绕组固有频率的影响[J].噪声与振动控制,2006,26(6):51-53.
[24]邵宇鹰,徐剑,饶柱石.振动频响分析法在大型变压器绕组变形检测中的应用[J].上海交通大学学报:自然版,2010,44(9):1223-1228.
[25]邵宇鹰.大型变压器绕组的动力学特性与故障诊断方法研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2010.
[26]顾晓安,沈荣瀛,徐基泰.国外变压器噪声研究的动向[J].变压器,2002,39(6):33-38.
[27]董志刚.变压器的噪声(3)[J].变压器,1995(12):36-40.
[28]Patel M R.Dynamic response of power transformers under axial short circuit forces part II-windings and clamps as a combined system[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus&Systems,1973,PAS-92(5):1567-1576.
[29]Lavalle J C.Failure detection in transformers using vibrational analysis[D].Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Boston,1986.
[30]Garcia B,Burgos J C,Alonso A.Winding deformations detection in power transformers by tank vibrations monitoring[J].Electric Power Systems Research,2005,74(1):129-138.
[31]Garcia B,Burgos J C,Alonso A.Transformer tank vibration modeling as a method of detecting winding deformations-Part I:Experimental verification[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2005,21(1):157-163.
[32]韩芳旭.基于流固耦合方法的电力变压器电磁振动与噪声问题研究[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2016.
[33]田昊洋,林敏,黄华.特高压电抗器振动加速度传感器位置优化研究[J].电力电子技术,2017(10):103-106.
[34]徐方,邵宇鹰,金之俭.变压器振动测点位置选择试验研究[J].华东电力,2012,40(2):274-277.
[35]上海市电力公司.都市电网中配电设备振动与噪声传播研究[R].2016.
[36]冯永新,邓小文,范立莉,等.大型电力变压器振动法故障诊断与发展趋势[J].变压器,2009,46(10):69-73.
[37]田昊洋,刘闯,苏勇令.基于ODS的特高压电抗器振动测试方法研究[J].华东电力,2014,42(8):1570-1573.
[38]Mechefske K C.Assessing the internal mechanical integrity of power transformer using vibration tests[C]//Proceedings of ASME Joint Power Generator Conference,Houston,Texas,USA.1996:953-958.
[39]Sanzbobi M A,Garciacerrada A,Palacios R,et al.Experiences learned from the on-line internal monitoring of the behaviour of a transformer[C]//IEEEInternational Electric Machines&Drives Conference Record.IEEE,1997.
[40]Bartoletti C,Desiderio M,Dicarlo D,et al.Vibroacoustic techniques to diagnose power transformers[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2004,19(1):221-229.
[41]颜秋容,刘欣,尹建国.基于小波理论的电力变压器振动信号特征研究[J].高电压技术,2007,33(1):165-168.
[42]Huang N E,Shen Z,Long S R,et al.The empiricalmode decomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis[J].Proceedings of Royal Society of London,Series A,1998:903-994.
[43]熊卫华,赵光宙.基于希尔伯特-黄变换的变压器铁心振动特性分析[J].电工技术学报,2006,21(8):9-13.
[44]路亮,龙源,钟明寿,等.Fast ICA算法在低信噪比爆破振动信号信噪分离中的应用研究[J].振动与冲击,2012(17):33-37.
[45]赵洪山,徐樊浩,徐文岐.基于EEMD和负熵准则的变压器振动信号盲分离[J].电气应用,2017(18):41-45.
[46]王丰华,王邵菁,陈颂.基于改进MFCC和VQ的变压器声纹识别模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(5):289-297.
[47]基于声阵列的断路器故障诊断可行性研究[R].上海:上海市电力科学研究院,2015.
[48]周求宽,万军彪,王丰华,等.电力变压器振动在线监测系统的开发与应用[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(3):162-166.
[49]周求宽,万军彪,王丰华,等.变压器绕组状态诊断方法:CN103135035A[P].2013-06-05.
[50]基于振动频响法的变压器绕组机械稳定性检测技术研究及应用[R].昆明:云南电力科学研究院,2017.
[2]陈进.机械设备振动监测与故障诊断[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,1999.
[3]汲胜昌,李彦明,徐大可.振动法用于在线监测电力变压器的可行性研究[C]//中国电机工程学会电力设备状态检修研讨会,北京,2007.
[4]孟永鹏,钟波,贾申利.振动分析在电力设备状态检测中的应用和发展[J].高压电器,2005,41(6):461-465.
[5]LavalleJ C.Failure detection in transformers using vibration analysis[D].MS Thesis,MIT,Cambridg,MA,USA,1986.
[6]Chung C,You C.Fault discrimination of power transformers using vibration analysis[C]//Proceedings of Integrating dynamics condition monitoring and controlling conference 21st Century,Balkema,Rotterdam,1999:523-529.
[7]McCarthy D.An adaptive model for vibration monitoring of power transformers[M].The MIT Press,1987.
[8]Lee S.Modeling of winding vibration amplitude for diagnosis of power transformer[D].Soongsil University,Korea,1994.
[9]Kim H.A study on the adaptive noise cancellation of transformer vibration signal[D].Korea:Soongsil University,1995.
[10]Park S.Fault determination of power transformer by using analysis of vibration signal[D].Korea:Soongsil University,1996.
[11]Berler Z,Golubev A.Vibra-Acoustic method of transformer clamping pressure monitoring[C]//Conference Record of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation,Anaheim,CA,USA,2000:263-266.
[12]Garcia B,Burgos J C,Alonso A M.Transformers tank vibration modeling as a method of detecting winding deformations-part I:theoretical foundation[J].IEEETransaction on Power Delivery,2006(21):157-163.
[13]Garcia B,Burgos J C,Alonso A M.Transformers tank vibration modeling as a method of detecting winding deformations-part II:experimental verification[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2006(21):164-169,.
[14]汲胜昌,刘味果,单平,等.变压器铁芯及绕组状况的振动测试系统[J].高电压技术,2000,26(6):1-3.
[15]汲胜昌,刘味果,李彦明,等.振动法用于在线监测电力变压器绕组及铁芯状况的可行性研究[J].高电压技术,2001,37(5):4-7.
[16]汲胜昌,刘味果,李彦明.小波包分析在振动法监测变压器铁芯及绕组状态中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2001,21(12):24-27.
[17]汲胜昌,何义,李彦明,等.电力变压器空载状况下的振动特性研究[J].高电压技术,2001,27(5):47-48.
[18]汲胜昌.变压器绕组与铁心振动特性及其在故障监测中的应用研究[D].西安:西安交通大学,2003.
[19]谢坡岸,饶柱石,朱子述.大型变压器绕组有限元建模与分析[J].振动与冲击,2006,25(2):134-137.
[20]谢坡岸,金之俭,饶柱石,等.空载时用振动法检测变压器绕组的压紧状态[J].高电压技术,2007,33(3):188-189.
[21]谢坡岸.振动分析法在电力变压器绕组状态监测中的应用研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2008.
[22]袁国刚,谢坡岸,静波,等.轴向预紧力对变压器绕组振动特性的影响[J].噪声与振动控制,2003(2):25-27.
[23]邵宇鹰,饶柱石,谢坡岸,等.预紧力对变压器绕组固有频率的影响[J].噪声与振动控制,2006,26(6):51-53.
[24]邵宇鹰,徐剑,饶柱石.振动频响分析法在大型变压器绕组变形检测中的应用[J].上海交通大学学报:自然版,2010,44(9):1223-1228.
[25]邵宇鹰.大型变压器绕组的动力学特性与故障诊断方法研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2010.
[26]顾晓安,沈荣瀛,徐基泰.国外变压器噪声研究的动向[J].变压器,2002,39(6):33-38.
[27]董志刚.变压器的噪声(3)[J].变压器,1995(12):36-40.
[28]Patel M R.Dynamic response of power transformers under axial short circuit forces part II-windings and clamps as a combined system[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus&Systems,1973,PAS-92(5):1567-1576.
[29]Lavalle J C.Failure detection in transformers using vibrational analysis[D].Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Boston,1986.
[30]Garcia B,Burgos J C,Alonso A.Winding deformations detection in power transformers by tank vibrations monitoring[J].Electric Power Systems Research,2005,74(1):129-138.
[31]Garcia B,Burgos J C,Alonso A.Transformer tank vibration modeling as a method of detecting winding deformations-Part I:Experimental verification[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2005,21(1):157-163.
[32]韩芳旭.基于流固耦合方法的电力变压器电磁振动与噪声问题研究[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2016.
[33]田昊洋,林敏,黄华.特高压电抗器振动加速度传感器位置优化研究[J].电力电子技术,2017(10):103-106.
[34]徐方,邵宇鹰,金之俭.变压器振动测点位置选择试验研究[J].华东电力,2012,40(2):274-277.
[35]上海市电力公司.都市电网中配电设备振动与噪声传播研究[R].2016.
[36]冯永新,邓小文,范立莉,等.大型电力变压器振动法故障诊断与发展趋势[J].变压器,2009,46(10):69-73.
[37]田昊洋,刘闯,苏勇令.基于ODS的特高压电抗器振动测试方法研究[J].华东电力,2014,42(8):1570-1573.
[38]Mechefske K C.Assessing the internal mechanical integrity of power transformer using vibration tests[C]//Proceedings of ASME Joint Power Generator Conference,Houston,Texas,USA.1996:953-958.
[39]Sanzbobi M A,Garciacerrada A,Palacios R,et al.Experiences learned from the on-line internal monitoring of the behaviour of a transformer[C]//IEEEInternational Electric Machines&Drives Conference Record.IEEE,1997.
[40]Bartoletti C,Desiderio M,Dicarlo D,et al.Vibroacoustic techniques to diagnose power transformers[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2004,19(1):221-229.
[41]颜秋容,刘欣,尹建国.基于小波理论的电力变压器振动信号特征研究[J].高电压技术,2007,33(1):165-168.
[42]Huang N E,Shen Z,Long S R,et al.The empiricalmode decomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis[J].Proceedings of Royal Society of London,Series A,1998:903-994.
[43]熊卫华,赵光宙.基于希尔伯特-黄变换的变压器铁心振动特性分析[J].电工技术学报,2006,21(8):9-13.
[44]路亮,龙源,钟明寿,等.Fast ICA算法在低信噪比爆破振动信号信噪分离中的应用研究[J].振动与冲击,2012(17):33-37.
[45]赵洪山,徐樊浩,徐文岐.基于EEMD和负熵准则的变压器振动信号盲分离[J].电气应用,2017(18):41-45.
[46]王丰华,王邵菁,陈颂.基于改进MFCC和VQ的变压器声纹识别模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(5):289-297.
[47]基于声阵列的断路器故障诊断可行性研究[R].上海:上海市电力科学研究院,2015.
[48]周求宽,万军彪,王丰华,等.电力变压器振动在线监测系统的开发与应用[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(3):162-166.
[49]周求宽,万军彪,王丰华,等.变压器绕组状态诊断方法:CN103135035A[P].2013-06-05.
[50]基于振动频响法的变压器绕组机械稳定性检测技术研究及应用[R].昆明:云南电力科学研究院,2017.