周年氮肥统筹对冬小麦、夏玉米生理特性及干物质积累的影响
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摘要
本试验以郑单958(玉米)和济麦22(小麦)为供试材料,研究冬小麦-夏玉米周年氮肥分配比例(4∶6、5∶5和6∶4)及肥料种类(树脂包膜肥料、脲酶抑制性肥料和脲甲醛肥料)对冬小麦、夏玉米叶片SPAD值、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、硝酸还原酶及干物质积累的影响。结果表明,当冬小麦-夏玉米周年氮肥分配比例为6∶4时,冬小麦SPAD值、SOD活性、硝酸还原酶活性及干物质积累量均相对较高;当冬小麦-夏玉米周年氮肥分配比例为5∶5和4∶6时,夏玉米各生理指标及干物质积累量均较高。冬小麦-夏玉米周年氮肥分配比例为5∶5时周年干物质积累量较多,较4∶6和6∶4处理分别提高4.5%和8.5%。肥料种类对夏玉米生理特性及干物质积累量无显著影响。
In this experiment, Zhengdan 958(maize) and Jimai 22(wheat) were used as materials to study the effects of annual nitrogen allocation ratio(4∶6, 5∶5 and 6∶4) and fertilizer types(resin coated urea, urease inhibitory fertilizer and urea formaldehyde fertilizer) on SPAD value, superoxide dismutase(SOD) and nitrate reductase activities and dry matter accumulation in winter wheat and summer maize leaves. The results showed that the SPAD value, SOD activity, nitrate reductase activity and dry matter accumulation of winter wheat were relatively higher when the annual nitrogen allocation ratio of winter wheat to summer maize was 6∶4, and the physiological indexes and dry matter accumulation of summer maize were higher when the annual nitrogen allocation ratio of winter wheat to summer maize was 5∶5 and 4∶6. The annual dry matter accumulation of winter wheat-summer maize increased by 4.5% and 8.5% at the ratio of 5∶5 compared with that at 4∶6 and 6∶4 respectively. Fertilizer types had no significant effect on physiological characteristics and dry matter accumulation of summer maize.
In this experiment, Zhengdan 958(maize) and Jimai 22(wheat) were used as materials to study the effects of annual nitrogen allocation ratio(4∶6, 5∶5 and 6∶4) and fertilizer types(resin coated urea, urease inhibitory fertilizer and urea formaldehyde fertilizer) on SPAD value, superoxide dismutase(SOD) and nitrate reductase activities and dry matter accumulation in winter wheat and summer maize leaves. The results showed that the SPAD value, SOD activity, nitrate reductase activity and dry matter accumulation of winter wheat were relatively higher when the annual nitrogen allocation ratio of winter wheat to summer maize was 6∶4, and the physiological indexes and dry matter accumulation of summer maize were higher when the annual nitrogen allocation ratio of winter wheat to summer maize was 5∶5 and 4∶6. The annual dry matter accumulation of winter wheat-summer maize increased by 4.5% and 8.5% at the ratio of 5∶5 compared with that at 4∶6 and 6∶4 respectively. Fertilizer types had no significant effect on physiological characteristics and dry matter accumulation of summer maize.
引文
[1] 徐彩龙.华北地区冬小麦—夏玉米双晚模式的优化及其水肥高效调控[D].北京:中国农业大学,2017.
[2] 李志宏,刘宏斌,张云贵.叶绿素仪在氮肥推荐中的应用研究进展[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(1):125-132.
[3] Hikosaka K.Interspecific difference in the photosynthesis-nitrogen relationship:patterns,physiological causes,and ecological importance[J].Journal of Plant Research,2004,117(6):481-494.
[4] 刘志鹏,陈曦,杨梦雅,等.氮量及减灌对冬小麦旗叶生理参数和细胞保护酶活性的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2018,38(2):175-182.
[5] 牛巧龙,曹高燚,杜锦,等.施氮量对玉米产量及叶片部分酶活性的影响[J].华北农学报,2017,32(1):187-192.
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[7] 张士昌,史占良,李孟军,等.长期定位氮胁迫对小麦碳氮代谢、氮素利用及产量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(12):13-19.
[8] 唐丽媛,马玮,李连禄,等.不同耐密性玉米品种对密度的光谱特征响应[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2013,33(3):770-775.
[9] 孔丽红,赵玉路,周福平.简述小麦干物质积累运转与高产的关系[J].山西农业科学,2007(8):6-8.
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[11] 丁民伟,崔彦宏,刘梦星,等.氮肥用量与施用时期及分配比例对夏玉米干物质积累的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,2007,30(6):1-4.
[12] 雷钧杰,张永强,赛力汗·赛,等.施氮量对滴灌冬小麦干物质积累、分配与转运的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2017,37(8):1078-1086.
[13] 张志良,瞿伟菁.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003:41-43.
[14] 徐惠风,刘兴土,金研铭,等.向日葵叶片叶绿素和比叶重及其产量研究[J].农业系统科学与综合研究,2003,19(2):97-100.
[15] 张赵星,刘芳亮,张保军,等.肥密互作对旱地冬小麦品种普冰151旗叶光合特性、产量及品质的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(8):1069-1075.
[16] 梁秋霞,曹刚强,苏明杰,等.植物叶片衰老研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(8):282-285.
[17] 杨晴,李雁鸣,肖凯,等.不同施氮量对小麦旗叶衰老特性和产量性状的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,2002,25(4):20-24.
[18] 冯波,王法宏,刘延忠,等.施氮水平对不同栽培模式小麦旗叶衰老及产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(8):189-193.
[19] 王月福,于振文,李尚霞,等.氮素营养水平对冬小麦氮代谢关键酶活性变化和籽粒蛋白质含量的影响[J].作物学报,2002,28(6):743-748.
[20] 陈群.冬小麦对夜间增温与不同施氮量的响应特征及其生理生态机制[D].南京:南京农业大学,2015.
[21] 张弦,苏豫梅,高文伟,等.不同施氮水平对小麦旗叶氮素代谢相关酶活性的影响[J].新疆农业大学学报,2014,37(4):317-320.
[22] 赵宏伟,马凤鸣,李文华.氮肥施用量对春玉米硝酸还原酶活性及产质量的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2004,35(3):276-280.
[23] 景立权,赵福成,刘萍,等.施氮对超高产夏玉米干物质及光合特性的影响[J].核农学报,2014,28(2):317-326.
[2] 李志宏,刘宏斌,张云贵.叶绿素仪在氮肥推荐中的应用研究进展[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(1):125-132.
[3] Hikosaka K.Interspecific difference in the photosynthesis-nitrogen relationship:patterns,physiological causes,and ecological importance[J].Journal of Plant Research,2004,117(6):481-494.
[4] 刘志鹏,陈曦,杨梦雅,等.氮量及减灌对冬小麦旗叶生理参数和细胞保护酶活性的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2018,38(2):175-182.
[5] 牛巧龙,曹高燚,杜锦,等.施氮量对玉米产量及叶片部分酶活性的影响[J].华北农学报,2017,32(1):187-192.
[6] 苏菊.氮磷配施对旱区冬小麦—夏玉米产量及生理影响的研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2008.
[7] 张士昌,史占良,李孟军,等.长期定位氮胁迫对小麦碳氮代谢、氮素利用及产量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(12):13-19.
[8] 唐丽媛,马玮,李连禄,等.不同耐密性玉米品种对密度的光谱特征响应[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2013,33(3):770-775.
[9] 孔丽红,赵玉路,周福平.简述小麦干物质积累运转与高产的关系[J].山西农业科学,2007(8):6-8.
[10] 曹胜彪,张吉旺,董树亭,等.施氮量和种植密度对高产夏玉米产量和氮素利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(6):1343-1353.
[11] 丁民伟,崔彦宏,刘梦星,等.氮肥用量与施用时期及分配比例对夏玉米干物质积累的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,2007,30(6):1-4.
[12] 雷钧杰,张永强,赛力汗·赛,等.施氮量对滴灌冬小麦干物质积累、分配与转运的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2017,37(8):1078-1086.
[13] 张志良,瞿伟菁.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003:41-43.
[14] 徐惠风,刘兴土,金研铭,等.向日葵叶片叶绿素和比叶重及其产量研究[J].农业系统科学与综合研究,2003,19(2):97-100.
[15] 张赵星,刘芳亮,张保军,等.肥密互作对旱地冬小麦品种普冰151旗叶光合特性、产量及品质的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(8):1069-1075.
[16] 梁秋霞,曹刚强,苏明杰,等.植物叶片衰老研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(8):282-285.
[17] 杨晴,李雁鸣,肖凯,等.不同施氮量对小麦旗叶衰老特性和产量性状的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,2002,25(4):20-24.
[18] 冯波,王法宏,刘延忠,等.施氮水平对不同栽培模式小麦旗叶衰老及产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(8):189-193.
[19] 王月福,于振文,李尚霞,等.氮素营养水平对冬小麦氮代谢关键酶活性变化和籽粒蛋白质含量的影响[J].作物学报,2002,28(6):743-748.
[20] 陈群.冬小麦对夜间增温与不同施氮量的响应特征及其生理生态机制[D].南京:南京农业大学,2015.
[21] 张弦,苏豫梅,高文伟,等.不同施氮水平对小麦旗叶氮素代谢相关酶活性的影响[J].新疆农业大学学报,2014,37(4):317-320.
[22] 赵宏伟,马凤鸣,李文华.氮肥施用量对春玉米硝酸还原酶活性及产质量的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2004,35(3):276-280.
[23] 景立权,赵福成,刘萍,等.施氮对超高产夏玉米干物质及光合特性的影响[J].核农学报,2014,28(2):317-326.