降雨型滑坡高速运动与堆积特征模拟研究:以宁乡县王家湾滑坡为例
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摘要
降雨型滑坡在强降雨条件下常突然发生,启动后运动速度大,破坏力强,对其运动与堆积过程的预测是滑坡危险性分析中的难题。以湖南省宁乡县2017年7月1日突发的王家湾滑坡为例,在现场调查的基础上,系统研究了滑坡诱发因素和高速运动机理,发现强降雨和孔隙水压力上升是王家湾滑坡的主要诱发因素,高速滑动主要由于滑坡处斜坡坡度陡、滑带抗剪强度快速损失所致。利用Surfer和ArcGIS软件处理基础数据,建立了滑坡三维模型,并基于有限体积法采用DAN3D软件模拟分析了王家湾滑坡整个运动过程,研究了滑坡启动后运动速度、滑移范围和堆积厚度,模拟结果与现场调查数据基本一致。
Rainfall-induced landslides often occurre suddenly under the conditions of heavy rainfalls. The landslide often moves fast after the initiation and has extremely destructive power. Therefore, prediction of landslide kinematics is a difficult problem in landslide hazard analysis. Wangjiawan landslide which occurred on July 1st, 2017 in Ningxiang County, Hunan Province is taken as an example in this study. Based on the field investigation, the triggering factors and movement mechanism were researched. Heavy rainfall and rapid increase of pore water pressure were the main triggering factors. The mechanism of high-speed sliding was mainly controlled by the steep slope and shear strength loss of the sliding belt. In order to establish a three-dimensional model of landslide topography, the Surfer and ArcGIS were used to process the basic topographic data. Based on the volumetric method and the 3D sliding kinematics model, the movement process of the landslide was simulated by recording the movement speed, influence range and thickness of the sliding body. The simulation results are in good consistency with the filed investigation.
Rainfall-induced landslides often occurre suddenly under the conditions of heavy rainfalls. The landslide often moves fast after the initiation and has extremely destructive power. Therefore, prediction of landslide kinematics is a difficult problem in landslide hazard analysis. Wangjiawan landslide which occurred on July 1st, 2017 in Ningxiang County, Hunan Province is taken as an example in this study. Based on the field investigation, the triggering factors and movement mechanism were researched. Heavy rainfall and rapid increase of pore water pressure were the main triggering factors. The mechanism of high-speed sliding was mainly controlled by the steep slope and shear strength loss of the sliding belt. In order to establish a three-dimensional model of landslide topography, the Surfer and ArcGIS were used to process the basic topographic data. Based on the volumetric method and the 3D sliding kinematics model, the movement process of the landslide was simulated by recording the movement speed, influence range and thickness of the sliding body. The simulation results are in good consistency with the filed investigation.
引文
[1] 孙金山,陈明,左昌群,等.降雨型浅层滑坡危险性预测模型[J].地质科技情报,2012,31(2):117-121.
[2] 唐朝晖,孔涛,柴波.降雨作用碎石土堆积层滑坡变形规律[J].地质科技情报,2012,31(6):168-173.
[3] 麻土华,郑爱平,李长江.降雨型滑坡的机理及其启示[J].科技通报,2014,30(1):39-43,71.
[4] 徐颖.强降雨作用下类土质滑坡演化过程及破坏机理研究[D].武汉:中国地质大学(武汉),2014.
[5] 白兰英,周杨,李绍红,等.南江县古坟坪滑坡降雨入渗观测与稳定性分析[J].长江科学院院报,2018,35(7):68-73.
[6] Scheidegger A E.On the prediction of the reach and velocity of catastrophic landslides[J].Rock Mechanics,1973,5(4):231-236.
[7] Hsu k J.Catastrophic debris streams generated by rock falls[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1975,86(1):129-140.
[8] Melosh H J.Acoustic fluidization:A new geologic process?[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,1979,84(13):7513-7520.
[9] Eisbacher G H.Cliff collapse and rock avalanches (Sturzstroms) in the Mackenzie mountains,Northwestern Canada[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1979,16(2):309-344.
[10] 刘汉超,张倬元.龙羊峡附近超固结粘土大型滑坡的形成机制及高速远滑的原因[J].成都地质学院学报,1986(3):94-104.
[11] 王兰生,詹挣,苏道刚,等.中国典型滑坡[M].北京:科学出版社,1988.
[12] 孙萍,张永双,殷跃平,等.东河口滑坡碎屑流高速远程运移机制探讨[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(6):737-744.
[13] Gray J,Kolelaar B.Large particle segregation,transport and accumulation in granular free-surface flows-ERRATUM [J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics,2010,652(4):105-137.
[14] 杜娟.单体滑坡灾害风险评价研究[D].武汉:中国地质大学(武汉),2012.
[15] 肖莉丽,殷坤龙,刘艺梁,等.高速库岸岩质滑坡运动过程及速度分析[J].地质科技情报,2012,31(4):117-122.
[16] 顾成壮.强降雨下二蛮山高速滑坡形成机制及运动机理研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2014.
[17] 唐扬,殷坤龙,夏辉.前期含水率对浅层滑坡降雨入渗及稳定性影响研究[J].地质科技情报,2017,36(5):204-208,237.
[18] Heim A.Landslides and human lives (Bergsturz und Menschenleben)[M].Vancouver:Bitech Press,1932.
[19] Li J.The main features of the mudflow in Jiang-Jia Ravine[J].Zeit Schrift Geomorphologic,1983,27(3):325-341.
[20] Corominas J.The angle of reach as a mobility index for small and large landslides[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1996,33(2):260-271.
[21] 王念秦,张倬元,王家鼎.一种典型黄土滑坡的滑距预测方法[J].西北大学学报:自然科学版,2003,33(1):111-114.
[22] 王思敬,王效宁.大型高速滑坡的能量分析及其灾害预测[C]//滑坡论文集.成都:四川科技出版社,1989:117-124
[23] Revellino P,Hungr O,Guadagno F M,et al.Velocity and runout simulation of destructive debris flows and debris avalanches in pyroclastic deposits,Campania region,Italy[J].Environmental Geology,2004,45(3):295-311.
[24] Perla R I.A two-parameter model of snow-avalanche motion[J].Journal of Glaciology,2017,26(4):197-207
[25] Rickenmann D.Debris-flow hazards and related phenomena[C]//Anon.Runout prediction methods.Heidelberg,Berlin:Springer,2005:305-324.
[2] 唐朝晖,孔涛,柴波.降雨作用碎石土堆积层滑坡变形规律[J].地质科技情报,2012,31(6):168-173.
[3] 麻土华,郑爱平,李长江.降雨型滑坡的机理及其启示[J].科技通报,2014,30(1):39-43,71.
[4] 徐颖.强降雨作用下类土质滑坡演化过程及破坏机理研究[D].武汉:中国地质大学(武汉),2014.
[5] 白兰英,周杨,李绍红,等.南江县古坟坪滑坡降雨入渗观测与稳定性分析[J].长江科学院院报,2018,35(7):68-73.
[6] Scheidegger A E.On the prediction of the reach and velocity of catastrophic landslides[J].Rock Mechanics,1973,5(4):231-236.
[7] Hsu k J.Catastrophic debris streams generated by rock falls[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1975,86(1):129-140.
[8] Melosh H J.Acoustic fluidization:A new geologic process?[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,1979,84(13):7513-7520.
[9] Eisbacher G H.Cliff collapse and rock avalanches (Sturzstroms) in the Mackenzie mountains,Northwestern Canada[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1979,16(2):309-344.
[10] 刘汉超,张倬元.龙羊峡附近超固结粘土大型滑坡的形成机制及高速远滑的原因[J].成都地质学院学报,1986(3):94-104.
[11] 王兰生,詹挣,苏道刚,等.中国典型滑坡[M].北京:科学出版社,1988.
[12] 孙萍,张永双,殷跃平,等.东河口滑坡碎屑流高速远程运移机制探讨[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(6):737-744.
[13] Gray J,Kolelaar B.Large particle segregation,transport and accumulation in granular free-surface flows-ERRATUM [J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics,2010,652(4):105-137.
[14] 杜娟.单体滑坡灾害风险评价研究[D].武汉:中国地质大学(武汉),2012.
[15] 肖莉丽,殷坤龙,刘艺梁,等.高速库岸岩质滑坡运动过程及速度分析[J].地质科技情报,2012,31(4):117-122.
[16] 顾成壮.强降雨下二蛮山高速滑坡形成机制及运动机理研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2014.
[17] 唐扬,殷坤龙,夏辉.前期含水率对浅层滑坡降雨入渗及稳定性影响研究[J].地质科技情报,2017,36(5):204-208,237.
[18] Heim A.Landslides and human lives (Bergsturz und Menschenleben)[M].Vancouver:Bitech Press,1932.
[19] Li J.The main features of the mudflow in Jiang-Jia Ravine[J].Zeit Schrift Geomorphologic,1983,27(3):325-341.
[20] Corominas J.The angle of reach as a mobility index for small and large landslides[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1996,33(2):260-271.
[21] 王念秦,张倬元,王家鼎.一种典型黄土滑坡的滑距预测方法[J].西北大学学报:自然科学版,2003,33(1):111-114.
[22] 王思敬,王效宁.大型高速滑坡的能量分析及其灾害预测[C]//滑坡论文集.成都:四川科技出版社,1989:117-124
[23] Revellino P,Hungr O,Guadagno F M,et al.Velocity and runout simulation of destructive debris flows and debris avalanches in pyroclastic deposits,Campania region,Italy[J].Environmental Geology,2004,45(3):295-311.
[24] Perla R I.A two-parameter model of snow-avalanche motion[J].Journal of Glaciology,2017,26(4):197-207
[25] Rickenmann D.Debris-flow hazards and related phenomena[C]//Anon.Runout prediction methods.Heidelberg,Berlin:Springer,2005:305-324.