生物力学实验在脊柱内固定发展中的应用进展
|
摘要
生物力学实验在脊椎内固定中有着重要的意义。随着脊柱内固定系统的发展,生物力学实验早已应用于内固定及其使用方式的评价。本文对生物力学在脊柱内固定器械产生、发展和优化等过程中的应用进行综述,并与已经淘汰的内固定器械的生物力学性能进行比较,从而讨论生物力学实验的作用。生物力学实验对脊柱手术内固定器械的发展有着重要的作用,并为其临床使用提供指导,推动了整个脊柱外科的发展。目前,生物力学实验与有限元分析结合评价脊柱内固定器械是一个重要的趋势,通过将仿真结果与生物力学实验结合,将更加有效的评价脊柱内固定器械的使用。
Biomechanical experiment is of great importance in spinal internal fixation. With the development of spinal internal fixation system, biomechanical experiment has been applied into the evaluation of internal fixation and its application. Herein the applications of biomechanics in the production, development and optimization of internal fixation devices that are used frequently in clinic were reviewed. The biomechanical properties of the internal fixation devices that had been eliminated were compared with those of the devices which were most commonly used at present to discuss the role of biomechanical experiments in the development of spinal internal fixation. Biomechanical experiments play a critical role in the development of spinal internal fixation devices, provide guidance for the clinical use of spinal internal fixation devices and promote the development of the spine surgery. Nowadays, using biomechanical experiments combined with finite element analysis to evaluate spinal internal fixation devices is an important trend. By combining the simulation results with biomechanical experiments, spinal internal fixation devices can be more effectively evaluated.
Biomechanical experiment is of great importance in spinal internal fixation. With the development of spinal internal fixation system, biomechanical experiment has been applied into the evaluation of internal fixation and its application. Herein the applications of biomechanics in the production, development and optimization of internal fixation devices that are used frequently in clinic were reviewed. The biomechanical properties of the internal fixation devices that had been eliminated were compared with those of the devices which were most commonly used at present to discuss the role of biomechanical experiments in the development of spinal internal fixation. Biomechanical experiments play a critical role in the development of spinal internal fixation devices, provide guidance for the clinical use of spinal internal fixation devices and promote the development of the spine surgery. Nowadays, using biomechanical experiments combined with finite element analysis to evaluate spinal internal fixation devices is an important trend. By combining the simulation results with biomechanical experiments, spinal internal fixation devices can be more effectively evaluated.
引文
[1]PENTELéNYI T,SZARVAS I,BODROGI L.Screw fixation of odontoid fractures:preliminary report[J].Injury,1988,19(3):139-142.
[2]DOHERTY B J,HEGGENESS M H,ESSES S I.A biomechanical study of odontoid fractures and fracture fixation[J].Spine,1993,18(2):178-184.
[3]SASSO R,DOHERTY B J,CRAWFORD M J,et al.Biomechanics of odontoid fracture fixation.Comparison of the one-and two-screw technique[J].Spine,1993,18(14):1950-1953.
[4]JENKINS J D,CORIC D,BRANCH C L.A clinical comparison of one-and two-screw odontoid fixation[J].J Neurosurg,1998,89(3):366-370.
[5]于晓巍,张烽,侍宏,等.齿状突Ⅱ型骨折前路内固定脊状钛螺钉的研制及生物力学研究[J].中国矫形外科杂志,2002,10(10):992-995.YU X W,ZHANG F,SHI H,et al.Biomechanical study on a longfinned compressive screw for interfixation of typeⅡodontoid fractures[J].Orthopedic Journal of China,2002,10(10):992-995.
[6]AMES C P,CRAWFORD N R,CHAMBERLAIN R H,et al.Biomechanical evaluation of a bioresorbable odontoid screw[J].JNeurosurg Spine,2005,2(2):182-187.
[7]NOURBAKHSH A,PATIL S,VANNEMREDDY P,et al.The use of bioabsorbable screws to fix type II odontoid fractures:a biomechanical study[J].J Neurosurg Spine,2011,15(4):361-366.
[8]PLATZER P,EIPELDAUER S,LEITGEB J,et al.Biomechanical comparison of odontoid plate fixation versus odontoid screw fixation[J].J Spinal Disord Tech,2011,24(3):164-169.
[9]胡勇,董伟鑫,孙肖阳,等.齿状突螺钉钢板内固定系统的生物力学研究[J].中华外科杂志,2016,54(3):212-216.HU Y,DONG W X,SUN X Y,et al.A biomechanical evaluation of odontoid screw plate fixation system[J].Chinese Journal of Surgery,2016,54(3):212-216.
[10]陈坚,刘浩.前路经寰枢关节螺钉内固定术治疗创伤性寰-枢椎不稳的前期研究[J].中国脊柱脊髓杂志,1999(2):81-85.CHEN J,LIU H.A preliminary study of anterior C1-2 transarticular screw for traumatic instability of C1-2 joint[J].Chinese Journal of Spine and Spinal Cord,1999(2):81-85.
[11]沙勇.前路经寰枢椎关节螺钉内固定术的生物力学评价及其临床意义[C]//中国修复重建外科论坛论文汇编,2005:82-85.SHA Y.Biomechanical evaluation and clinical significance of the anterior approach via atlantoaxial joint screw fixation[C]//China Reconstructive Surgery Forum Paper Compilation,2005:82-85.
[12]刘志超,蔡贤华,黄卫兵,等.前路经寰枢关节螺钉内固定生物力学性能的有限元分析[J].中国脊柱脊髓杂志,2010,20(11):881-884.LIU Z C,CAI X H,HUANG W B,et al.Biomechanical evaluation of anterior transarticular screws on C1-2,a three-dimensional finite element analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Spine and Spinal Cord,2010,20(11):881-884
[13]LVOV I,GRIN A,KAYKOV A,et al.Anterior transarticular C1-C2fixation with contralateral screw insertion:a report of two cases and technical note[J].Eur Spine J,2018,27(Suppl 3):347-352.
[14]HERRMANN H D.Metal plate fixation after anterior fusion of unstable fracture dislocations of the cervical spine[J].Acta Neurochir(Wien),1975,32(1-2):101-111.
[15]COE J D,WARDEN K E,SUTTERLIN C E,et al.Biomechanical evaluation of cervical spinal stabilization methods in a human cadaveric model[J].Spine(Phila Pa 1976),1989,14(10):1122-1131.
[16]SMITH S A,LINDSEY R W,DOHERTY B J,et al.Cervical spine locking plate:in vitro biomechanical testing[J].Eur Spine J,1993,1(4):222-225.
[17]PITZEN T,WILKE H J,CASPAR W,et al.Evaluation of a new monocortical screw for anterior cervical fusion and plating by a combined biomechanical and clinical study[J].Eur Spine J,1999,8(5):382-387.
[18]RICHTER M,WILKE H J,KLUGER P,et al.Biomechanical evaluation of a newly developed monocortical expansion screw for use in anterior internal fixation of the cervical spine.In vitro comparison with two established internal fixation systems[J].Spine(Phila Pa1976),1999,24(3):207-212.
[19]蔡风,廖琦,唐强,等.颈椎前路钢板螺钉系统交叉置钉与平行置钉的生物力学研究[J].中华创伤骨科杂志,2015,17(3):223-226.CAI F,LIAO Q,TANG Q,et al.Biomechanical study of parallel versus cross placement of anterior cervical plate screws[J].Chinese Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma 2015,17(3):223-226.
[20]OBERKIRCHER L,BORN S,STRUEWER J,et al.Biomechanical evaluation of the impact of various facet joint lesions on the primary stability of anterior plate fixation in cervical dislocation injuries:a cadaver study:laboratory investigation[J].J Neurosurg Spine,2014,21(4):634-639.
[21]LAO L,LI Q,ZHONG G,et al.Biomechanical study of a novel selflocking plate system for anterior cervical fixation[J].J Orthop Surg Res,2014,9(1):120.
[22]KOLLER H,HEMPFING A,ACOSTA F,et al.Cervical anterior transpedicular screw fixation.Part I:study on morphological feasibility,indications,and technical prerequisites[J].Eur Spine J,2008,17(4):523-538.
[23]吴海昊,汤涛,庞清江,等.下颈椎前路椎弓根螺钉内固定在三柱损伤模型中初始稳定性的生物力学研究[J].中国骨伤,2018,31(1):74-78.WU H H,TANG T,PANG Q J,et al.Biomechanical study of the stability of subaxial cervical anterior transpedicular screw fixation for three-column injury[J].China Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology,2018,31(1):74-78.
[24]KOTANI Y,CUNNINGHAM B W,ABUMI K,et al.Biomechanical analysis of cervical stabilization systems.An assessment of transpedicular screw fixation in the cervical spine[J].Spine(Phila Pa1976),1994,19(22):2529-2539.
[25]ROY-CAMILLE R.Internal fixation of the unstable cervical spine by a posterior osteosynthesis with plates and screws[M].The Cervical Spine,1989.
[26]JONES E L,HELLER J G,SILCOX D H,et al.Cervical pedicle screws versus lateral mass screws.Anatomic feasibility and biomechanical comparison[J].Spine(Phila Pa 1976),1997,22(9):977.
[27]ITO Z,HIGASHINO K,KATO S,et al.Pedicle screws can be 4 times stronger than lateral mass screws for insertion in the midcervical spine[J].J Spinal Disord Tech,2014,27(2):80-85.
[28]ASHMAN R B,GALPIN R D,CORIN J D,et al.Biomechanical analysis of pedicle screw instrumentation systems in a corpectomy mode[J].Spine(Phila Pa 1976),1989,14(12):1398-1405.
[29]ERICKSON M A,OLIVER T,BALDINI T,et al.Biomechanical assessment of conventional unit rod fixation versus a unit rod pedicle screw construct:a human cadaver study[J].Spine(Phila Pa 1976),2004,29(12):1314-1319.
[30]DICK J C,JONES M P,ZDEBLICK T A,et al.A biomechanical comparison evaluating the use of intermediate screws and crosslinkage in lumbar pedicle fixation[J].J Spinal Disord,1994,7(5):402-407.
[31]MOHAMAD F,OKA R,MAHAR A,et al.Biomechanical comparison of the screw-bone interface:optimization of 1 and 2 screw constructs by varying screw diameter[J].Spine(Phila Pa 1976),2006,31(16):E535.
[32]TSAI K J,MURAKAMI H,HORTON W C,et al.Pedicle screw fixation strength:a biomechanical comparison between 4.5-mm and5.5-mm diameter screws in osteoporotic upper thoracic vertebrae[J].J Surg Orthop Adv,2009,18(1):23-27.
[33]FAN S,LIU S,DENG Y.An in vitro biomechanical evaluation of effect of augmentation pedicle screw fixation with polymethylmethacrylate on osteoporotic spine stability[J].Chinese Journal of Reparative&Reconstructive Surgery,2004,18(18):168-170.
[34]FRANKEL B M,DAGOSTINO S,WANG C.A biomechanical cadaveric analysis of polymethylmethacrylate-augmented pedicle screw fixation[J].J Neurosurg Spine,2007,7(1):47-53.
[35]PARéP E,CHAPPUIS J L,RAMPERSAUD R,et al.Biomechanical evaluation of a novel fenestrated pedicle screw augmented with bone cement in osteoporotic spines[J].Spine(Phila Pa 1976),2011,36(18):1210-1214.
[36]PISHNAMAZ M,LANGE H,HERREN C,et al.The quantity of bone cement influences the anchorage of augmented pedicle screws in the osteoporotic spine:a biomechanical human cadaveric study[J].Clin Biomech,2018,52:14-19.
[37]WAN S,LEI W,WU Z,et al.Biomechanical and histological evaluation of an expandable pedicle screw in osteoporotic spine in sheep[J].Eur Spine J,2010,19(12):2122-2129.
[38]MANON J,HUSSAIN M M,HARRIS J,et al.Biomechanical investigation of a novel revision device in an osteoporotic model:pullout strength of pedicle screw anchor versus larger screw diameter[J].Clin Spine Surg,2017,30(6):265-271.
[39]HIGASHINO K,KIM J H,HORTON W C,et al.A biomechanical study of two different pedicle screw methods for fixation in osteoporotic and nonosteoporotic vertebrae[J].J Surg Orthop Adv,2012,21(4):198-203.
[40]DERIN?EK A,TüRKER M,CINAR M,et al.Revision of the failed pedicle screw in osteoporotic lumbar spine:biomechanical comparison of kyphoplasty versus transpedicular polymethylmethacrylate augmentation[J].Eklem Hastalik Cerrahisi,2012,23(2):106.
[41]ANDERSON A L,MCIFF T E,ASHER M A,et al.The effect of posterior thoracic spine anatomical structures on motion segment flexion stiffness[J].Spine(Phila Pa 1976),2009,34(5):441-446.
[42]KYAW T A,WANG Z,SAKAKIBARA T,et al.Biomechanical effects of pedicle screw fixation on adjacent segments[J].Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol,2014,24(Suppl 1):S283-S287.
[43]TETSUTARO M,TOSHIHIKO S,TAKAMASA Y,et al.Biomechanical problems related to pedicle screw system[J].Turk Neurosurg,2019,29(1):53-58.
[44]XU H Z,WANG X Y,CHI Y L,et al.Biomechanical evaluation of a dynamic pedicle screw fixation device[J].Clin Biomech,2006,21(4):330-336.
[45]CHAMOLI U,DIWAN A D,TSAFNAT N.Pedicle screw-based posterior dynamic stabilizers for degenerative spine:in vitro biomechanical testing and clinical outcomes[J].J Biomed Mater Res A,2013,102(9):3324-3340.
[46]REICHL M,KUENY R A,DANYALI R,et al.Biomechanical effects of a dynamic topping off instrumentation in a long rigid pedicle screw construct[J].Clin Spine Surg,2017,30(4):E440-E447.
[47]AN H S,LIM T H,YOU J W,et al.Biomechanical evaluation of anterior thoracolumbar spinal instrumentation[J].Spine(Phila Pa1976),1995,25(18):1979-1983.
[48]JOHNSON W M,NICHOLS T A,JETHWANI D,et al.In vitro biomechanical comparison of an anterior and anterolateral lumbar plate with posterior fixation following single-level anterior lumbar interbody fusion[J].J Neurosurg Spine,2007,7(3):332-335.
[49]TZERMIADIANOS M N,MEKHAIL A,VORONOV L I,et al.Enhancing the stability of anterior lumbar interbody fusion:a biomechanical comparison of anterior plate versus posterior transpedicular instrumentation[J].Spine(Phila Pa 1976),2008,33(2):E38-E43.
[50]KALLEMEIER P M,BEAUBIEN B P,BUTTERMANN G R,et al.In vitro analysis of anterior and posterior fixation in an experimental unstable burst fracture model[J].J Spinal Disord Tech,2008,21(3):216-224.
[2]DOHERTY B J,HEGGENESS M H,ESSES S I.A biomechanical study of odontoid fractures and fracture fixation[J].Spine,1993,18(2):178-184.
[3]SASSO R,DOHERTY B J,CRAWFORD M J,et al.Biomechanics of odontoid fracture fixation.Comparison of the one-and two-screw technique[J].Spine,1993,18(14):1950-1953.
[4]JENKINS J D,CORIC D,BRANCH C L.A clinical comparison of one-and two-screw odontoid fixation[J].J Neurosurg,1998,89(3):366-370.
[5]于晓巍,张烽,侍宏,等.齿状突Ⅱ型骨折前路内固定脊状钛螺钉的研制及生物力学研究[J].中国矫形外科杂志,2002,10(10):992-995.YU X W,ZHANG F,SHI H,et al.Biomechanical study on a longfinned compressive screw for interfixation of typeⅡodontoid fractures[J].Orthopedic Journal of China,2002,10(10):992-995.
[6]AMES C P,CRAWFORD N R,CHAMBERLAIN R H,et al.Biomechanical evaluation of a bioresorbable odontoid screw[J].JNeurosurg Spine,2005,2(2):182-187.
[7]NOURBAKHSH A,PATIL S,VANNEMREDDY P,et al.The use of bioabsorbable screws to fix type II odontoid fractures:a biomechanical study[J].J Neurosurg Spine,2011,15(4):361-366.
[8]PLATZER P,EIPELDAUER S,LEITGEB J,et al.Biomechanical comparison of odontoid plate fixation versus odontoid screw fixation[J].J Spinal Disord Tech,2011,24(3):164-169.
[9]胡勇,董伟鑫,孙肖阳,等.齿状突螺钉钢板内固定系统的生物力学研究[J].中华外科杂志,2016,54(3):212-216.HU Y,DONG W X,SUN X Y,et al.A biomechanical evaluation of odontoid screw plate fixation system[J].Chinese Journal of Surgery,2016,54(3):212-216.
[10]陈坚,刘浩.前路经寰枢关节螺钉内固定术治疗创伤性寰-枢椎不稳的前期研究[J].中国脊柱脊髓杂志,1999(2):81-85.CHEN J,LIU H.A preliminary study of anterior C1-2 transarticular screw for traumatic instability of C1-2 joint[J].Chinese Journal of Spine and Spinal Cord,1999(2):81-85.
[11]沙勇.前路经寰枢椎关节螺钉内固定术的生物力学评价及其临床意义[C]//中国修复重建外科论坛论文汇编,2005:82-85.SHA Y.Biomechanical evaluation and clinical significance of the anterior approach via atlantoaxial joint screw fixation[C]//China Reconstructive Surgery Forum Paper Compilation,2005:82-85.
[12]刘志超,蔡贤华,黄卫兵,等.前路经寰枢关节螺钉内固定生物力学性能的有限元分析[J].中国脊柱脊髓杂志,2010,20(11):881-884.LIU Z C,CAI X H,HUANG W B,et al.Biomechanical evaluation of anterior transarticular screws on C1-2,a three-dimensional finite element analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Spine and Spinal Cord,2010,20(11):881-884
[13]LVOV I,GRIN A,KAYKOV A,et al.Anterior transarticular C1-C2fixation with contralateral screw insertion:a report of two cases and technical note[J].Eur Spine J,2018,27(Suppl 3):347-352.
[14]HERRMANN H D.Metal plate fixation after anterior fusion of unstable fracture dislocations of the cervical spine[J].Acta Neurochir(Wien),1975,32(1-2):101-111.
[15]COE J D,WARDEN K E,SUTTERLIN C E,et al.Biomechanical evaluation of cervical spinal stabilization methods in a human cadaveric model[J].Spine(Phila Pa 1976),1989,14(10):1122-1131.
[16]SMITH S A,LINDSEY R W,DOHERTY B J,et al.Cervical spine locking plate:in vitro biomechanical testing[J].Eur Spine J,1993,1(4):222-225.
[17]PITZEN T,WILKE H J,CASPAR W,et al.Evaluation of a new monocortical screw for anterior cervical fusion and plating by a combined biomechanical and clinical study[J].Eur Spine J,1999,8(5):382-387.
[18]RICHTER M,WILKE H J,KLUGER P,et al.Biomechanical evaluation of a newly developed monocortical expansion screw for use in anterior internal fixation of the cervical spine.In vitro comparison with two established internal fixation systems[J].Spine(Phila Pa1976),1999,24(3):207-212.
[19]蔡风,廖琦,唐强,等.颈椎前路钢板螺钉系统交叉置钉与平行置钉的生物力学研究[J].中华创伤骨科杂志,2015,17(3):223-226.CAI F,LIAO Q,TANG Q,et al.Biomechanical study of parallel versus cross placement of anterior cervical plate screws[J].Chinese Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma 2015,17(3):223-226.
[20]OBERKIRCHER L,BORN S,STRUEWER J,et al.Biomechanical evaluation of the impact of various facet joint lesions on the primary stability of anterior plate fixation in cervical dislocation injuries:a cadaver study:laboratory investigation[J].J Neurosurg Spine,2014,21(4):634-639.
[21]LAO L,LI Q,ZHONG G,et al.Biomechanical study of a novel selflocking plate system for anterior cervical fixation[J].J Orthop Surg Res,2014,9(1):120.
[22]KOLLER H,HEMPFING A,ACOSTA F,et al.Cervical anterior transpedicular screw fixation.Part I:study on morphological feasibility,indications,and technical prerequisites[J].Eur Spine J,2008,17(4):523-538.
[23]吴海昊,汤涛,庞清江,等.下颈椎前路椎弓根螺钉内固定在三柱损伤模型中初始稳定性的生物力学研究[J].中国骨伤,2018,31(1):74-78.WU H H,TANG T,PANG Q J,et al.Biomechanical study of the stability of subaxial cervical anterior transpedicular screw fixation for three-column injury[J].China Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology,2018,31(1):74-78.
[24]KOTANI Y,CUNNINGHAM B W,ABUMI K,et al.Biomechanical analysis of cervical stabilization systems.An assessment of transpedicular screw fixation in the cervical spine[J].Spine(Phila Pa1976),1994,19(22):2529-2539.
[25]ROY-CAMILLE R.Internal fixation of the unstable cervical spine by a posterior osteosynthesis with plates and screws[M].The Cervical Spine,1989.
[26]JONES E L,HELLER J G,SILCOX D H,et al.Cervical pedicle screws versus lateral mass screws.Anatomic feasibility and biomechanical comparison[J].Spine(Phila Pa 1976),1997,22(9):977.
[27]ITO Z,HIGASHINO K,KATO S,et al.Pedicle screws can be 4 times stronger than lateral mass screws for insertion in the midcervical spine[J].J Spinal Disord Tech,2014,27(2):80-85.
[28]ASHMAN R B,GALPIN R D,CORIN J D,et al.Biomechanical analysis of pedicle screw instrumentation systems in a corpectomy mode[J].Spine(Phila Pa 1976),1989,14(12):1398-1405.
[29]ERICKSON M A,OLIVER T,BALDINI T,et al.Biomechanical assessment of conventional unit rod fixation versus a unit rod pedicle screw construct:a human cadaver study[J].Spine(Phila Pa 1976),2004,29(12):1314-1319.
[30]DICK J C,JONES M P,ZDEBLICK T A,et al.A biomechanical comparison evaluating the use of intermediate screws and crosslinkage in lumbar pedicle fixation[J].J Spinal Disord,1994,7(5):402-407.
[31]MOHAMAD F,OKA R,MAHAR A,et al.Biomechanical comparison of the screw-bone interface:optimization of 1 and 2 screw constructs by varying screw diameter[J].Spine(Phila Pa 1976),2006,31(16):E535.
[32]TSAI K J,MURAKAMI H,HORTON W C,et al.Pedicle screw fixation strength:a biomechanical comparison between 4.5-mm and5.5-mm diameter screws in osteoporotic upper thoracic vertebrae[J].J Surg Orthop Adv,2009,18(1):23-27.
[33]FAN S,LIU S,DENG Y.An in vitro biomechanical evaluation of effect of augmentation pedicle screw fixation with polymethylmethacrylate on osteoporotic spine stability[J].Chinese Journal of Reparative&Reconstructive Surgery,2004,18(18):168-170.
[34]FRANKEL B M,DAGOSTINO S,WANG C.A biomechanical cadaveric analysis of polymethylmethacrylate-augmented pedicle screw fixation[J].J Neurosurg Spine,2007,7(1):47-53.
[35]PARéP E,CHAPPUIS J L,RAMPERSAUD R,et al.Biomechanical evaluation of a novel fenestrated pedicle screw augmented with bone cement in osteoporotic spines[J].Spine(Phila Pa 1976),2011,36(18):1210-1214.
[36]PISHNAMAZ M,LANGE H,HERREN C,et al.The quantity of bone cement influences the anchorage of augmented pedicle screws in the osteoporotic spine:a biomechanical human cadaveric study[J].Clin Biomech,2018,52:14-19.
[37]WAN S,LEI W,WU Z,et al.Biomechanical and histological evaluation of an expandable pedicle screw in osteoporotic spine in sheep[J].Eur Spine J,2010,19(12):2122-2129.
[38]MANON J,HUSSAIN M M,HARRIS J,et al.Biomechanical investigation of a novel revision device in an osteoporotic model:pullout strength of pedicle screw anchor versus larger screw diameter[J].Clin Spine Surg,2017,30(6):265-271.
[39]HIGASHINO K,KIM J H,HORTON W C,et al.A biomechanical study of two different pedicle screw methods for fixation in osteoporotic and nonosteoporotic vertebrae[J].J Surg Orthop Adv,2012,21(4):198-203.
[40]DERIN?EK A,TüRKER M,CINAR M,et al.Revision of the failed pedicle screw in osteoporotic lumbar spine:biomechanical comparison of kyphoplasty versus transpedicular polymethylmethacrylate augmentation[J].Eklem Hastalik Cerrahisi,2012,23(2):106.
[41]ANDERSON A L,MCIFF T E,ASHER M A,et al.The effect of posterior thoracic spine anatomical structures on motion segment flexion stiffness[J].Spine(Phila Pa 1976),2009,34(5):441-446.
[42]KYAW T A,WANG Z,SAKAKIBARA T,et al.Biomechanical effects of pedicle screw fixation on adjacent segments[J].Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol,2014,24(Suppl 1):S283-S287.
[43]TETSUTARO M,TOSHIHIKO S,TAKAMASA Y,et al.Biomechanical problems related to pedicle screw system[J].Turk Neurosurg,2019,29(1):53-58.
[44]XU H Z,WANG X Y,CHI Y L,et al.Biomechanical evaluation of a dynamic pedicle screw fixation device[J].Clin Biomech,2006,21(4):330-336.
[45]CHAMOLI U,DIWAN A D,TSAFNAT N.Pedicle screw-based posterior dynamic stabilizers for degenerative spine:in vitro biomechanical testing and clinical outcomes[J].J Biomed Mater Res A,2013,102(9):3324-3340.
[46]REICHL M,KUENY R A,DANYALI R,et al.Biomechanical effects of a dynamic topping off instrumentation in a long rigid pedicle screw construct[J].Clin Spine Surg,2017,30(4):E440-E447.
[47]AN H S,LIM T H,YOU J W,et al.Biomechanical evaluation of anterior thoracolumbar spinal instrumentation[J].Spine(Phila Pa1976),1995,25(18):1979-1983.
[48]JOHNSON W M,NICHOLS T A,JETHWANI D,et al.In vitro biomechanical comparison of an anterior and anterolateral lumbar plate with posterior fixation following single-level anterior lumbar interbody fusion[J].J Neurosurg Spine,2007,7(3):332-335.
[49]TZERMIADIANOS M N,MEKHAIL A,VORONOV L I,et al.Enhancing the stability of anterior lumbar interbody fusion:a biomechanical comparison of anterior plate versus posterior transpedicular instrumentation[J].Spine(Phila Pa 1976),2008,33(2):E38-E43.
[50]KALLEMEIER P M,BEAUBIEN B P,BUTTERMANN G R,et al.In vitro analysis of anterior and posterior fixation in an experimental unstable burst fracture model[J].J Spinal Disord Tech,2008,21(3):216-224.