一串红种子黏液对其基本性状及萌发的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究种子黏液对一串红种子基本性状和萌发的影响,为一串红种苗生产提供支持。【方法】以一串红‘奥运圣火’有黏液和无黏液种子为材料,研究了黏液对种子基本物理性状、吸水和失水特性、粘土能力、萌发特性和植株主要观赏性状的影响。【结果】吸水后,一串红有黏液种子的平均长度、宽度、厚度和质量均显著增大,而无黏液种子仅平均长度和宽度显著增大。黏液可以增强一串红种子的粘土能力,粘土后有黏液干种子的平均质量是无黏液干种子的9.3倍。与无黏液种子相比,黏液可以促进一串红种子吸收大量水分,减缓种子水分散失。黏液种子在吸水100min时可以达到饱和状态,吸收的水分是自身质量的6.81倍,在室温条件下经过36h脱水才能达到质量恒定;无黏液种子在吸水60min时可达到饱和状态,吸收的水分是自身质量的0.59倍,经3h脱水即可达到质量恒定。一串红有黏液种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、根长、苗长均显著高于无黏液种子,发芽持续时间显著短于无黏液种子。种子黏液对一串红主要观赏性状无显著影响。【结论】黏液对一串红种子萌发特性有明显影响,有利于一串红种子的萌发和成苗。
【Objective】This study investigated the effects of mucilage on seed basic characters and germination traits of Salvia splendens.【Method】The influences of mucilage on seed basic physical traits,water absorption,dehydration features,soil adhesion ability,germination traits,main ornamental characters of S.splendens variety "Olympic flame"were studies using seeds with and without mucilage.【Result】The average seed length,seed width,seed thickness and seed weight were significant increased after water absorption in mucilaginous seeds.The average seed length and seed width were significantly increased in nonmucilaginous seeds.The mucilage improved the ability of soil adhesion.The average weight of mucilaginous seed was 9.3 times as much as the weight of non-mucilaginous seed.The mucilage improved the ability of water absorption and slowed down dehydration.It took 100 min for mucilaginous seeds to reach water saturation station,and the weight was 6.81 times as much as its own weight.The dehydration lasted for 36 h.It took 60 min for non-mucilaginous seeds to reach water saturation station,and the weight was 0.59 timesas much as its own weight.The dehydration lasted for 3 h.The germination energy,germination rate,germination index,vigor index,root length and seedling length of mucilaginous seeds were significantly higher than those of non-mucilaginous seeds,and the germination time of mucilaginous seeds was significant shorter than that of non-mucilaginous seeds.The mucilage had no effect on plant main ornamental characters.【Conclusion】The mucilage affected the seed germination significantly and it improved the abilities of seed germination and emergence of seedlings of S.splendens.
【Objective】This study investigated the effects of mucilage on seed basic characters and germination traits of Salvia splendens.【Method】The influences of mucilage on seed basic physical traits,water absorption,dehydration features,soil adhesion ability,germination traits,main ornamental characters of S.splendens variety "Olympic flame"were studies using seeds with and without mucilage.【Result】The average seed length,seed width,seed thickness and seed weight were significant increased after water absorption in mucilaginous seeds.The average seed length and seed width were significantly increased in nonmucilaginous seeds.The mucilage improved the ability of soil adhesion.The average weight of mucilaginous seed was 9.3 times as much as the weight of non-mucilaginous seed.The mucilage improved the ability of water absorption and slowed down dehydration.It took 100 min for mucilaginous seeds to reach water saturation station,and the weight was 6.81 times as much as its own weight.The dehydration lasted for 36 h.It took 60 min for non-mucilaginous seeds to reach water saturation station,and the weight was 0.59 timesas much as its own weight.The dehydration lasted for 3 h.The germination energy,germination rate,germination index,vigor index,root length and seedling length of mucilaginous seeds were significantly higher than those of non-mucilaginous seeds,and the germination time of mucilaginous seeds was significant shorter than that of non-mucilaginous seeds.The mucilage had no effect on plant main ornamental characters.【Conclusion】The mucilage affected the seed germination significantly and it improved the abilities of seed germination and emergence of seedlings of S.splendens.
引文
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[14]黄振英,Gutterman Yitzchak,胡正海,等.白沙蒿种子萌发特性的研究:Ⅰ.黏液瘦果的结构和功能[J].植物生态学报,2001,25(1):22-28.Huang Z Y,Gutterman Y,Hu Z H,et al.Seed germination in Artemisia sphaerocephala:Ⅰ.the structure and function of the mucilaginous achiene[J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2001,25(1):22-28.
[15]谷丽丽,刘立鸿,油天钰,等.新疆短命植物抱茎独行菜种子种子黏液质的特性研究[J].西北植物学报,2008,28(12):2451-2460.Gu L L,Liu L H,You T Y,et al.Characterization of the seed coat mucilage properties of ephemeral plant Lepidium perforliatum L.in Xinjiang[J].Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin,2008,28(12):2451-2460.
[16]罗辉,闫小红,周兵,等.入侵植物北美车前种子黏液的吸水特性及其对干旱胁迫的萌发响应[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(8):2155-2160.Luo H,Yan X H,Zhou B,et al.Water absorbance features of seed mucilage of an invasive plant,Plantago virginica,and its germination response to drought stress[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2015,34(8):2155-2160.
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[18]杨洁晶,万娟娟,娜丽克思,等.28种植物种子形态学性状及其萌发对绵羊瘤胃消化的反应[J].草业学报,2015,24(2):104-115.Yang J J,Wan J J,Narkes W,et al.Seed morphology and effect of sheep rumen digestion on germinability of 28grass of Tianshan[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2015,24(2):104-115.
[19]刘晓风,谭敦炎.荒漠植物种子黏液的生态学意义[J].植物学通报,2007,24(3):414-424.Liu X F,Tan D Y.Ecological significance of seed mucus in desert plants[J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2007,24(3):414-424.
[20]卢骁,兰小中,杨凤娇,等.喜马拉雅紫茉莉瘦果黏液对种子低温的保护[J].草地学报,2014,22(6):1281-1287.Lu X,Lan X Z,Yang F J,et al.Roles of achene mucilage in defensing freezing injury for the seed germination of Mirabilis himalaica[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2014,22(6):1281-1287.
[21]袁军文,兰海燕.黏液繁殖体种子的黏液质形成、分泌及释放相关基因[J].中国生物化学与分子生物学报,2011,27(2):116-124.Yuan J W,Lan H Y.Genes involved in biosynthesis,secretion and release of seed coat mucilage of myxospermu[J].Chinese Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,2011,27(2):116-124.
[22]袁军文,黄代红,徐栋生,等.抱茎独行菜MUM4基因的克隆及分析[J].西北植物学报,2013,33(10):1940-1952.Yuan J W,Huang D H,Xu D S,et al.Cloning and analysis of seed coat mucilage-related gene MUM4from Lepidium perfoliatum[J].Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin,2013,33(10):1940-1952.
[23]曹婧,徐栋生,黄代红,等.抱茎独行菜种皮黏液质相关基因TTG1的克隆、表达分析及功能鉴定[J].植物科学学报,2014,32(4):371-382.Cao J,Xu D S,Huang D H,et al.Cloning,characterization,and functional analysis of seed coat mucilage-related gene TTG1from Lepidium perfoliatum[J].Plant Science Journal,2014,32(4):371-382.
[24]曹栋栋,阮晓丽,詹艳,等.杂交水稻种子不同活力测定方法与其田间出苗率的相关性[J].浙江农业学报,2014,26(5):1145-1150.Cao D D,Ruan X L,Zhan Y,et al.Relativity analysis between seeding percentage in field and different seed vigor testing methods of hybrid rice seeds[J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangnsis,2014,26(5):1145-1150.
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[2] Gutterman Y,Shem-Tov S.Structure and function of mucilaginous seed coats of Plantago coronopus inhabiting the Negev Desert of Israel[J].Israer Journal of Plant Science,2012,104(2):125-133.
[3] Huang D H,Wang C,Yuan J W,et al.Differentiation of the seed coat and composition of the mucilage of Lepidium perfoliatum L.:a desert annual with typical myxospermy[J].Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica,2015,47(10):775-787.
[4]陈晓翠,陆嘉慧,陈超楠,等.多裂骆驼蓬种皮纹饰和黏液的解剖结构特征及其对种子扩散和萌发的影响[J].西北植物学报,2016,36(5):930-937.Chen X C,Lu J H,Chen C N,et al.Anatomic structure of seed coat ornamentation and mucilage of Peganum multisectum and its ecological adaptation to seeds dispersal and germination[J].Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin,2016,36(5):930-937.
[5]刘志民,闫巧玲,骆永明,等.科尔沁沙地124种天然植物黏液繁殖体的甄别[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(5):716-721.Liu Z M,Yan Q L,Luo Y M,et al.Screening on myxospermy of 124species occurring on the sandy habitats of Western Horqin steppe[J].Journal of Desert Research,2005,25(5):716-721.
[6]孙群,刘文婷,梁宗锁,等.丹参种子的吸水特性及发芽条件研究[J].西北植物学报,2003,23(9):1518-1521.Sun Q,Liu W T,Liang Z S,et al.Study on the character of absorbing water and the germinative condition of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge seeds[J].Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin,2003,23(9):1518-1521.
[7]王涛,李文爽,刘世勇,等.朱唇种子吸水特性及其在干旱胁迫下萌发特性[J].广西植物,2016,36(4):430-434.Wang T,Li W S,Liu S Y,et al.Water absorbption properties of Salvia coccinea seed and its germination characteristics under drought stress[J].Guihaia,2016,36(4):430-434.
[8]王涛,林良斌,张巧玲,等.甘西鼠尾草种子黏液吸水特性、红外光谱分析及提取工艺研究[J].植物科学学报,2015,33(4):572-578.Wang T,Lin L B,Zhang Q L,et al.Study on the characteristics of water absorbance,infrared spectroscopic analysis and extraction technology of mucilage from Salvia przewalskii seeds[J].Plant Science Journal,2015,33(4):572-578.
[9]曾丽,赵梁军,苏立峰.一串红种子发育及内含物对种子萌发的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2000,5(1):35-38.Zeng L,Zhao L J,Su L F.Effects of seed development and its constituents on seed germination of Salvia splendens[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2000,5(1):35-38.
[10]曾丽,赵梁军,孙强,等.超干处理与贮藏温度对一串红种子生活力与生理变化的影响[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(10):2076-2082.Zeng L,Zhao L J,Sun Q,et al.Effects of ultradrying treatment and storage temperature on vigor and physiological changes of Salvia splendens seeds[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2006,39(10):2076-2082.
[11] Carpenter W J.Salvia splendens seed pregermination and priming for rapid and uniform plant emergence[J].J Am Soc Horticulture Science,1989,114:247-250.
[12] Soundararajan P,Sivanesan I,Jana S,et al.Influence of silicon supplementation on the growth and tolerance to high temperature in Salvia splendens[J].Horticulture,Environment,and Biotechnology,2014,55(4):271-279.
[13]赵正楠,董爱香,辛海波,等.多目标决策在一串红育种中的应用[J].上海农业学报,2016,32(5):128-132.Zhao Z N,Dong A X,Xin H B,et al.Application of multiple objective decision making in Salvia splendens breeding[J].Acta Agricultural Shanghai,2016,32(5):128-132.
[14]黄振英,Gutterman Yitzchak,胡正海,等.白沙蒿种子萌发特性的研究:Ⅰ.黏液瘦果的结构和功能[J].植物生态学报,2001,25(1):22-28.Huang Z Y,Gutterman Y,Hu Z H,et al.Seed germination in Artemisia sphaerocephala:Ⅰ.the structure and function of the mucilaginous achiene[J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2001,25(1):22-28.
[15]谷丽丽,刘立鸿,油天钰,等.新疆短命植物抱茎独行菜种子种子黏液质的特性研究[J].西北植物学报,2008,28(12):2451-2460.Gu L L,Liu L H,You T Y,et al.Characterization of the seed coat mucilage properties of ephemeral plant Lepidium perforliatum L.in Xinjiang[J].Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin,2008,28(12):2451-2460.
[16]罗辉,闫小红,周兵,等.入侵植物北美车前种子黏液的吸水特性及其对干旱胁迫的萌发响应[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(8):2155-2160.Luo H,Yan X H,Zhou B,et al.Water absorbance features of seed mucilage of an invasive plant,Plantago virginica,and its germination response to drought stress[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2015,34(8):2155-2160.
[17]胡晋.种子生物学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.Hu J.Seed biology[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006.
[18]杨洁晶,万娟娟,娜丽克思,等.28种植物种子形态学性状及其萌发对绵羊瘤胃消化的反应[J].草业学报,2015,24(2):104-115.Yang J J,Wan J J,Narkes W,et al.Seed morphology and effect of sheep rumen digestion on germinability of 28grass of Tianshan[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2015,24(2):104-115.
[19]刘晓风,谭敦炎.荒漠植物种子黏液的生态学意义[J].植物学通报,2007,24(3):414-424.Liu X F,Tan D Y.Ecological significance of seed mucus in desert plants[J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2007,24(3):414-424.
[20]卢骁,兰小中,杨凤娇,等.喜马拉雅紫茉莉瘦果黏液对种子低温的保护[J].草地学报,2014,22(6):1281-1287.Lu X,Lan X Z,Yang F J,et al.Roles of achene mucilage in defensing freezing injury for the seed germination of Mirabilis himalaica[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2014,22(6):1281-1287.
[21]袁军文,兰海燕.黏液繁殖体种子的黏液质形成、分泌及释放相关基因[J].中国生物化学与分子生物学报,2011,27(2):116-124.Yuan J W,Lan H Y.Genes involved in biosynthesis,secretion and release of seed coat mucilage of myxospermu[J].Chinese Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,2011,27(2):116-124.
[22]袁军文,黄代红,徐栋生,等.抱茎独行菜MUM4基因的克隆及分析[J].西北植物学报,2013,33(10):1940-1952.Yuan J W,Huang D H,Xu D S,et al.Cloning and analysis of seed coat mucilage-related gene MUM4from Lepidium perfoliatum[J].Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin,2013,33(10):1940-1952.
[23]曹婧,徐栋生,黄代红,等.抱茎独行菜种皮黏液质相关基因TTG1的克隆、表达分析及功能鉴定[J].植物科学学报,2014,32(4):371-382.Cao J,Xu D S,Huang D H,et al.Cloning,characterization,and functional analysis of seed coat mucilage-related gene TTG1from Lepidium perfoliatum[J].Plant Science Journal,2014,32(4):371-382.
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