正渗透膜生物反应器运行过程中溶质反渗对微生物群落的影响
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摘要
以氯化钠为驱动溶质,采用正渗透膜生物反应器(forward osmosis membrane bioreactor,FOMBR)处理生活污水,考察其在运行过程中溶质反渗对系统内微生物群落造成的影响。稳定运行状态下的第7、14、20天的混合液污泥样品分别称为A1、A2、A3,并对微生物群落物种丰度、群落结构、聚类等进行了分析。结果表明:正渗透膜生物反应器运行20 d内水通量从9.5 L/(m~2·h)下降到8.17 L/(m~2·h),反向盐通量从29.52 g/(m~2·h)增加到35.06 g/(m~2·h)。整个运行过程中溶质反渗对微生物群落结构的变化有着一定的影响,3个样品共产生1496个OTUs,各样品间共享的OTUs不尽相同;溶质反渗对3种样品的微生物群落多样性、菌群丰度等影响较小。PCA分析中A2和A3两个样品距离更近,组成更相似,热图聚类分析再次验证A2与A3相似性更高;3个样品斜率较小且非常接近,并且A1和A3两个样品所含物种的丰富程度和均匀程度几乎一样;3个样品的活性污泥群落结构在门、纲、目分类水平上均具有较高的多样性,各分类水平上的菌群丰度存在一定的差异。
Using sodium chloride as the driving solute,the forward osmosis membrane bioreactor(FOMBR)was used to treat domestic sewage,and the effect of reverse solute osmosis on the microbial community in the system was investigated.The abundance,community structure and clustering of microbial community were also analyzed.The results revealed that during the 20 d operation of FOMBR,the water flux decreased from 9.5 L/(m~2·h)to 8.17 L/(m~2·h),and the reverse salt flux increased from 29.52 g/(m~2·h)to 35.06 g/(m~2·h).Three samples(A1,A2 and A3)of mixed liquid sludge were collected on day 7,day 14 and day 20,respectively.The reverse solute osmosis had certain influence on the change of microbial community structure during the whole operation period.A total of 1496OTUs were produced from the three samples of A1,A2 and A3.Shared OTUs were different for these three samples.The results also revealed that the reverse solute osmosis had less influence on the microbial community diversity and the abundance of bacteria in these samples.Samples A2 and A3 were closer together in the principal component analysis,which indicated that these two samples were more similar in composition.Heatmap clustering analysis also confirmed that A2 and A3 were more similar.The slopes of these three samples were small and very close,and the abundance of bacteria and uniformity of A1 and A3 samples were nearly the same.The structure of activated sludge communities in these three samples revealed high diversity at the level of phylum,class and order,and the abundance of bacteria in each classification level was different to some extent.
Using sodium chloride as the driving solute,the forward osmosis membrane bioreactor(FOMBR)was used to treat domestic sewage,and the effect of reverse solute osmosis on the microbial community in the system was investigated.The abundance,community structure and clustering of microbial community were also analyzed.The results revealed that during the 20 d operation of FOMBR,the water flux decreased from 9.5 L/(m~2·h)to 8.17 L/(m~2·h),and the reverse salt flux increased from 29.52 g/(m~2·h)to 35.06 g/(m~2·h).Three samples(A1,A2 and A3)of mixed liquid sludge were collected on day 7,day 14 and day 20,respectively.The reverse solute osmosis had certain influence on the change of microbial community structure during the whole operation period.A total of 1496OTUs were produced from the three samples of A1,A2 and A3.Shared OTUs were different for these three samples.The results also revealed that the reverse solute osmosis had less influence on the microbial community diversity and the abundance of bacteria in these samples.Samples A2 and A3 were closer together in the principal component analysis,which indicated that these two samples were more similar in composition.Heatmap clustering analysis also confirmed that A2 and A3 were more similar.The slopes of these three samples were small and very close,and the abundance of bacteria and uniformity of A1 and A3 samples were nearly the same.The structure of activated sludge communities in these three samples revealed high diversity at the level of phylum,class and order,and the abundance of bacteria in each classification level was different to some extent.
引文
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[9]王臣,王新华,胡涛战,等.EDTA-2Na缓解盐度积累的可行性及其对AnOMBR运行的影响[J].膜科学与技术,2017,37(4):93-99.Wang C,Wang X H,Hu T Z,et al.Application of EDTA-2Na for mitigating salinity build-up in the AnOMBR[J].Membrane Science and Technology,2017,37(4):93-99.
[10]高大文,辛晓东.MBR膜污染过程中微生物群落结构与代谢产物分析[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2014,46(2):26-32.Gao D W,Xin X D.Analysis of microbial community structure and metabolites during the MBR membrane fouling process[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2014,46(2):26-32.
[11]孔晓,崔丙键,金德才,等.农村污水膜生物反应器系统中微生物群落解析[J].环境科学,2015,36(9):3329-3338.Kong X,Cui B J,Jin D C,et al.Analysis of microbial community in the membrane bio-reactor(MBR)rural sewage treatment system[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(9):3329-3338.
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[13]Lujan-Facundo M J,Fernandez-Navarro J,Alonso-Molina J L,et al.The role of salinity on the changes of the biomass characteristics and on the performance of an OMBR treating tannery wastewater[J].Water Research,2018,142:129-137.
[14]Yang Y L,Yang X L,He Z.Bioelectrochemically-assisted mitigation of salinity buildup and recovery of reverse-fluxed draw solute in an osmotic membrane bioreactor[J].Water Research,2018,141:259-267.
[15]段文松.动态膜生物反应器结构性能及微生物群落研究[D].南京:东南大学,2012.Duan W S.Study on structure and microbial diversity of dynamic membrane batch reactor[D].Nanjing:Southeast University,2012.
[16]Xu Y,Peng X Y,Tang C Y Y,et al.Effect of draw solution concentration and operating conditions on forward osmosis and pressure retarded osmosis performance in a spiral wound module[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2010,348(1/2):298-309.
[17]Lee K L,Baker R W,Lonsdale H K.Membranes for power generation by pressure-retarded osmosis[J].Journal of Membrane Science,1981,8(2):141-171.
[18]Cath T Y,Gormly S,Beaudry E G,et al.Membrane contactor processes for wastewater reclamation in space(Ⅰ):Direct osmotic concentration as pretreatment for reverse osmosis[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2005,257(1):85-98.
[19]Edgar R C.UPARSE:highly accurate OTU sequences from microbial amplicon reads[J].Nature Methods,2013,10(10):996-998.
[20]Edgar R C,Haas B J,Clemente J C,et al.UCHIME improves sensitivity and speed of chimera detection[J].Bioinformatics,2011,27:2194-2200.
[21]Wang Q,Garrity G M,Tiedje J M,et al.Naive Bayesian classifier for rapid assignment of rRNA sequences into the new bacterial taxonomy[J].Appl.Environ.Microbial.,2007,73:5261-5267.
[22]丁一.AnMBR+FOMBR组合系统处理城市污水膜污染特性及机制研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2015.Ding Y.The research on characteristics and mechanisms of membrane fouling in the AnMBR+FOMBR combined system[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2015.
[23]Luo W H,Phan H V,Xie M,et al.Osmotic versus conventional membrane bioreactors integrated with reverse osmosis for water reuse:biological stability,membrane fouling,and contaminant removal[J].Water Research,2017,109:122-134.
[24]Bates S T,Clemente J C,Flores G E,el al.Global biogeography of highly diverse protistan communities in soil[J].The ISME Journal,2013,7(3):652-659.
[25]赵艳晓,王新华,李秀芳.耦合微滤膜的正渗透膜生物反应器的构建及其运行性能[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(4):1981-1986.Zhao Y X,Wang X H,Li X F.Performance of a novel osmotic membrane bioreactor integrating with microfiltration membrane for municipal wastewater treatment[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2017,11(4):1981-1986.
[26]Wang X,Zhao Y,Li X,et al.Performance evaluation of a microfiltration osmotic membrane bioreactor(MF-OMBR)during removing silver nanoparticles from simulated wastewater[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,313:171-178.
[27]孙宝盛,张斌,吴卿,等.应用PCR-DGGE技术解析微生物群落多样性[J].天津大学学报,2008,41(3):356-361.Sun B S,Zhang B,Wu Q,et al.Application of PCR-DGGE to analysis of microbial community diversity in MBRs[J].Journal of Tianjin University,2008,41(3):356-361.
[28]李亮,胡筱敏,余丹静,等.PCR-DGGE方法解析电凝聚膜生物反应器中微生物群落结构[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2014,35(5):751-755.Li L,Hu X M,Yu D J,et al.PCR-DGGE analysis of microbial community structure in a electro-coagulation membrane bioreactor[J].Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science),2014,35(5):751-755.
[29]邝斌宇,史青,Montcho Leon Monthero,等.A/O MBR处理生活污水效率与菌群多样性的关系[J].环境科学,2012,33(6):2061-2067.Kuang B Y,Shi Q,Monthero M L,et al.Relationship between sewage treatment efficiency and bacterial community diversity in an A/O MBR[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Science,2012,33(6):2061-2067.
[30]范艳明,孙宝盛,张斌,等.小试膜生物反应器中活性污泥微生物种群结构的演变[J].环境化学,2013,32(6):1045-1050.Fan Y M,Sun B S,Zhang B,el al.Analysis on succession of activated sludge microbial community composition in a lab-scale membrane bioreactor[J].Environmental Chemistry,2013,32(6):1045-1050.
[31]Nguyen H T,Le V Q,Hansen A A,et al.High diversity and abundance of putative polyphosphate-accumulating Testrasphaera-related bacteria in activated sludge systems[J].FEMS Microbiol.Ecol.,2011,76(2):256-267.
[2]Yuan B,Wang X H,Tang C Y,et al.In situ observation of the growth of biofouling layer in osmotic membrane bioreactors by multiple fluorescence labeling and confocal laser scanning microscopy[J].Water Research,2015,75:188-200.
[3]Pathak N,Fortunato L,Li S,et al.Evaluating the effect of different draw solutes in a baffled osmotic membrane bioreactormicrofiltration using optical coherence tomography with real wastewater[J].Bioresource Technology,2018,263:306-316.
[4]Pathak N,Li S,Kim Y,et al.Assessing the removal of organic micropollutants by a novel baffled osmotic membrane bioreactormicrofiltration hybrid system[J].Bioresource Technology,2018,262:98-106.
[5]马艳杰,纪献兵,金玉莲.正渗透膜生物反应器滤饼层性质研究[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(21):156-164.Ma Y J,Ji X B,Jin Y L.Characterization of cake layer in osmosis membrane bioreactor[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(21):156-164.
[6]田禹,李志能,李俐频,等.糖类对正渗透膜的污染研究[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(2):531-535.Tian Y,Li Z N,Li L P,et al.Research on fouling propensity of carbohydrate for forward osmosis[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2014,8(2):531-535.
[7]王波,文湘华,申博,等.正渗透技术研究现状及进展[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(9):3118-3126.Wang B,Wen X H,Shen B,et al.The current status and research advances in forward osmosis[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(9):3118-3126.
[8]王涛,王宁,陆金仁,等.正渗透膜污染特征及抗污染正渗透膜研究进展[J].膜科学与技术,2017,37(1):125-132.Wang T,Wang N,Lu J R,et al.Fouling characteristics of forward osmosis membrane and recent development of antifouling forward osmosis membrane[J].Membrane Science and Technology,2017,37(1):125-132.
[9]王臣,王新华,胡涛战,等.EDTA-2Na缓解盐度积累的可行性及其对AnOMBR运行的影响[J].膜科学与技术,2017,37(4):93-99.Wang C,Wang X H,Hu T Z,et al.Application of EDTA-2Na for mitigating salinity build-up in the AnOMBR[J].Membrane Science and Technology,2017,37(4):93-99.
[10]高大文,辛晓东.MBR膜污染过程中微生物群落结构与代谢产物分析[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2014,46(2):26-32.Gao D W,Xin X D.Analysis of microbial community structure and metabolites during the MBR membrane fouling process[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2014,46(2):26-32.
[11]孔晓,崔丙键,金德才,等.农村污水膜生物反应器系统中微生物群落解析[J].环境科学,2015,36(9):3329-3338.Kong X,Cui B J,Jin D C,et al.Analysis of microbial community in the membrane bio-reactor(MBR)rural sewage treatment system[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(9):3329-3338.
[12]隋力新,胡奇,高大文.常温厌氧MBR中微生物群落结构与膜污染研究[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(1):110-115.Sui L X,Hu Q,Gao D W.The relationship between microbial community structure and anaerobic MBR membrane fouling at a room temperature[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(1):110-115.
[13]Lujan-Facundo M J,Fernandez-Navarro J,Alonso-Molina J L,et al.The role of salinity on the changes of the biomass characteristics and on the performance of an OMBR treating tannery wastewater[J].Water Research,2018,142:129-137.
[14]Yang Y L,Yang X L,He Z.Bioelectrochemically-assisted mitigation of salinity buildup and recovery of reverse-fluxed draw solute in an osmotic membrane bioreactor[J].Water Research,2018,141:259-267.
[15]段文松.动态膜生物反应器结构性能及微生物群落研究[D].南京:东南大学,2012.Duan W S.Study on structure and microbial diversity of dynamic membrane batch reactor[D].Nanjing:Southeast University,2012.
[16]Xu Y,Peng X Y,Tang C Y Y,et al.Effect of draw solution concentration and operating conditions on forward osmosis and pressure retarded osmosis performance in a spiral wound module[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2010,348(1/2):298-309.
[17]Lee K L,Baker R W,Lonsdale H K.Membranes for power generation by pressure-retarded osmosis[J].Journal of Membrane Science,1981,8(2):141-171.
[18]Cath T Y,Gormly S,Beaudry E G,et al.Membrane contactor processes for wastewater reclamation in space(Ⅰ):Direct osmotic concentration as pretreatment for reverse osmosis[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2005,257(1):85-98.
[19]Edgar R C.UPARSE:highly accurate OTU sequences from microbial amplicon reads[J].Nature Methods,2013,10(10):996-998.
[20]Edgar R C,Haas B J,Clemente J C,et al.UCHIME improves sensitivity and speed of chimera detection[J].Bioinformatics,2011,27:2194-2200.
[21]Wang Q,Garrity G M,Tiedje J M,et al.Naive Bayesian classifier for rapid assignment of rRNA sequences into the new bacterial taxonomy[J].Appl.Environ.Microbial.,2007,73:5261-5267.
[22]丁一.AnMBR+FOMBR组合系统处理城市污水膜污染特性及机制研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2015.Ding Y.The research on characteristics and mechanisms of membrane fouling in the AnMBR+FOMBR combined system[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2015.
[23]Luo W H,Phan H V,Xie M,et al.Osmotic versus conventional membrane bioreactors integrated with reverse osmosis for water reuse:biological stability,membrane fouling,and contaminant removal[J].Water Research,2017,109:122-134.
[24]Bates S T,Clemente J C,Flores G E,el al.Global biogeography of highly diverse protistan communities in soil[J].The ISME Journal,2013,7(3):652-659.
[25]赵艳晓,王新华,李秀芳.耦合微滤膜的正渗透膜生物反应器的构建及其运行性能[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(4):1981-1986.Zhao Y X,Wang X H,Li X F.Performance of a novel osmotic membrane bioreactor integrating with microfiltration membrane for municipal wastewater treatment[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2017,11(4):1981-1986.
[26]Wang X,Zhao Y,Li X,et al.Performance evaluation of a microfiltration osmotic membrane bioreactor(MF-OMBR)during removing silver nanoparticles from simulated wastewater[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,313:171-178.
[27]孙宝盛,张斌,吴卿,等.应用PCR-DGGE技术解析微生物群落多样性[J].天津大学学报,2008,41(3):356-361.Sun B S,Zhang B,Wu Q,et al.Application of PCR-DGGE to analysis of microbial community diversity in MBRs[J].Journal of Tianjin University,2008,41(3):356-361.
[28]李亮,胡筱敏,余丹静,等.PCR-DGGE方法解析电凝聚膜生物反应器中微生物群落结构[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2014,35(5):751-755.Li L,Hu X M,Yu D J,et al.PCR-DGGE analysis of microbial community structure in a electro-coagulation membrane bioreactor[J].Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science),2014,35(5):751-755.
[29]邝斌宇,史青,Montcho Leon Monthero,等.A/O MBR处理生活污水效率与菌群多样性的关系[J].环境科学,2012,33(6):2061-2067.Kuang B Y,Shi Q,Monthero M L,et al.Relationship between sewage treatment efficiency and bacterial community diversity in an A/O MBR[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Science,2012,33(6):2061-2067.
[30]范艳明,孙宝盛,张斌,等.小试膜生物反应器中活性污泥微生物种群结构的演变[J].环境化学,2013,32(6):1045-1050.Fan Y M,Sun B S,Zhang B,el al.Analysis on succession of activated sludge microbial community composition in a lab-scale membrane bioreactor[J].Environmental Chemistry,2013,32(6):1045-1050.
[31]Nguyen H T,Le V Q,Hansen A A,et al.High diversity and abundance of putative polyphosphate-accumulating Testrasphaera-related bacteria in activated sludge systems[J].FEMS Microbiol.Ecol.,2011,76(2):256-267.