福建海域养殖海参重金属含量分析及评价
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摘要
通过对宁德福鼎、霞浦、三都澳、福州平潭岛、莆田南日岛和漳州东山岛等6个海参养殖区域的监测,测定了水质、沉积物和海参体内的5种重金属含量。结果表明:福建海参养殖海域海水中除平潭岛海水中汞含量较高以外,其他元素均能符合无公害海水养殖水质标准,表层沉积物的重金属含量均满足第一类海洋沉积物质量标准。养殖海参体内的铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、砷(As)、铬(Cr)含量与海水中的含量呈较高程度相关性,镉、汞(Hg)含量与沉积物中的含量呈较高程度相关性。养殖海参消化道和呼吸树对Pb、Cd、As、Cr的富集能力明显高于体壁,但Hg含量却低于体壁。福建海域养殖海参的Cd、Hg含量均满足绿色食品评价标准,小部分Pb、As含量超出绿色食品限量范围,但均满足无公害食品安全限量要求,因此福建海域适于进行海参养殖。
Investigation of heavy metals content distributions was taken on culture sea cucumbers from six primary culture areas,including Fuding,Xiapu,Sandu'ao,Pingtan Island,Nanri Island and Dongshan Island.The concentrations of five heavy metals in seawater,surface sediments and sea cucumber tissues were analyzed and discussed.The results showed that except for Hg in Pingtan Island,contents of other metals in sea water were accorded with the water standard of pollution-free mariculture.Contents of heavy metals in surface sediments were full complied with standard of the first class of marine sediment quality.Relatively higher correlation of contents of Pb,Cd,As,and Cr were found between sea cucumber and its culture sea water.The contents of Cd and Hg in sea cucumber were highly associated with those in sediments.Concentrations of Pb,Cd,As,and Cr in both of alimentary canal and respiratory tree were obviously higher than those in somatic,however,contents of Hg showed the contrary results.According to the data detected,contents of Cd and Hg in sea cucumber cultured in Fujian coastal areas were full complied with the evaluation standard of green food,while contents of Pb and As in few sea cucumber were beyond the limit range of green food,but still met the safety limit requirements of pollution–free food.Overall,coastal water in Fujian was suitable for sea cucumber culture.
Investigation of heavy metals content distributions was taken on culture sea cucumbers from six primary culture areas,including Fuding,Xiapu,Sandu'ao,Pingtan Island,Nanri Island and Dongshan Island.The concentrations of five heavy metals in seawater,surface sediments and sea cucumber tissues were analyzed and discussed.The results showed that except for Hg in Pingtan Island,contents of other metals in sea water were accorded with the water standard of pollution-free mariculture.Contents of heavy metals in surface sediments were full complied with standard of the first class of marine sediment quality.Relatively higher correlation of contents of Pb,Cd,As,and Cr were found between sea cucumber and its culture sea water.The contents of Cd and Hg in sea cucumber were highly associated with those in sediments.Concentrations of Pb,Cd,As,and Cr in both of alimentary canal and respiratory tree were obviously higher than those in somatic,however,contents of Hg showed the contrary results.According to the data detected,contents of Cd and Hg in sea cucumber cultured in Fujian coastal areas were full complied with the evaluation standard of green food,while contents of Pb and As in few sea cucumber were beyond the limit range of green food,but still met the safety limit requirements of pollution–free food.Overall,coastal water in Fujian was suitable for sea cucumber culture.
引文
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[ 4 ]张鹏,邢晓磊,孙静娴,等,重金属对海参的污染及毒性毒理研究进展[J].海洋环境科学,2016,35(1):149-154.
[ 5 ]张道来,周明,陈军辉,等.微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定市售海参中5种有毒元素[J].微量元素与健康研究,2009,26 (6):41-43,52.
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[ 7 ]国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB 17378.3—2007 海洋监测规范第3部分:样品采集、贮存与运输[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
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[11]国家农业部.NY 5052—2001无公害食品海水养殖用水水质[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2001.
[12]国家海洋局.GB 18668—2002海洋沉积物质量[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.
[13]国家农业部.NY/T 1514—2007 绿色食品海参及制品[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[ 2 ]Chi S,Zeng Y,Zhao Z,et al.Variation of water quality in culture ponds for Apostichopus japonicus[J].Journal of University of Jinan (Science and Technology),2013,27(3):239-244
[ 3 ]刘长标,游岚.福建省刺参养殖产业发展现状及对策[J].福建水产,2013,35(1):64-67.
[ 4 ]张鹏,邢晓磊,孙静娴,等,重金属对海参的污染及毒性毒理研究进展[J].海洋环境科学,2016,35(1):149-154.
[ 5 ]张道来,周明,陈军辉,等.微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定市售海参中5种有毒元素[J].微量元素与健康研究,2009,26 (6):41-43,52.
[ 6 ]苗利军,王静,李志芬.秦皇岛海域海产品汞污染状况及安全性评价[J].湖北农业科学,2013,52(11):2547-2549.
[ 7 ]国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB 17378.3—2007 海洋监测规范第3部分:样品采集、贮存与运输[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[ 8 ]国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB 17378.4—2007 海洋监测规范第4部分:海水分析[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[ 9 ]国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB 17378.5—2007 海洋监测规范第5部分:沉积物分析[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[10]国家卫生和计划生育委员会.GB 5009.286—2016 食品安全国家标准食品中多元素的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017.
[11]国家农业部.NY 5052—2001无公害食品海水养殖用水水质[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2001.
[12]国家海洋局.GB 18668—2002海洋沉积物质量[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.
[13]国家农业部.NY/T 1514—2007 绿色食品海参及制品[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.