摘要
为研究玉米开花后的持续干旱对其生理过程及产量的影响,采用在玉米灌浆阶段持续控水的方式开展干旱胁迫试验,对主要光合参量(净光合速率P_n、蒸腾速率T_r)、光响应参数、水分利用效率(Water Use Efficiency,WUE)及产量结构进行观测和计算,分析它们对干旱的响应特征。结果表明:玉米花后干旱可导致P_n、T_r、WUE以及最大净光合速率(P_(nmax))随干旱持续时间延长而减小,干旱持续15—27 d,1200μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)光强处P_n和T_r减小幅度分别由50. 0%增大到75. 1%、71. 7%增大到83. 6%; WUE和P_(nmax)减小幅度分别由21. 7%增大到47. 9%,由50. 9%增大到73. 2%;玉米百粒重和茎秆重分别显著减小11. 6%和23. 2%,果穗长、果穗粗和籽粒与茎秆比没有明显受到影响,秃尖比和株籽粒重虽有大幅增大和减小,但并不显著;研究时段内干旱导致玉米减产11. 7%。
For understanding the response characteristics of physiological process and yield of spring maize to drought stress,a field experiment with continuous no-water complementing was conducted from filling to mature stage of spring maize " Danyu 39". In the meantime,main variables associated with photosynthesis including net photosynthetic rate (P_n) and transpiration rate (T_r),photo response parameter,water use efficiency (WUE) and yield factors were observed and calculated as well as their response characteristics to drought stress were investigated. The results indicate that P_n,T_r,WUE and maximum net photosynthetic rate (P_(nmax)) are decreasing with the duration of drought prolonging after flowering. During the 15th to 27th day of water controlling,the decrement rates for P_nand T_rvary from 50. 0% to 75. 1% and 71. 7% to 83. 6% under the light intensity of 1200 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),and those for WUE and P_(nmax)expand from 21. 7% to 47. 9% and 50. 9% to 73. 2%,respectively. In addition,the drought stress also induces significant decreases of 11. 6% and 23. 2% for hundred-grain and stalk weight of maize. However,the length and thickness of maize cluster as well as the ratio of grain to stalk do not vary significantly,while the radio of bare-tip and plant grain weight demonstrate a non-significant increasing and decreasing trend,respectively. Besides,a reduction rate of 11. 7% for maize yield is caused by the drought during the studied period.
引文
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