文山州滴灌条件下减施氮肥用量对烤烟生长发育及产质量的影响
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摘要
通过2年田间试验,研究了滴灌条件下不同施氮量对烤烟生长发育、经济性状、外观质量、内在品质及感官质量的影响。结果表明,滴灌条件下减施氮肥能够促进烤烟生长,提高中部叶烤烟还原糖、总糖、糖碱比和钾含量。降低总氮含量、总植物碱含量,协调中部叶内在化学成分,增加烤烟产值及产量,改善了烟叶的感官质量。2015、2016年度内在化学成分及感官质量均以采用滴灌施用纯氮60 kg/hm2处理最佳。在滴灌条件下,施用纯氮60 kg/hm2是文山地区烤烟生长、品质及产值方面最佳的组合,达到了节水、节肥与最佳种烟收益双重目的。
The effects of different nitrogen application on the growth, development, economic character, appearance quality, internal quality and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco under drip irrigation were studied in 2 years field experiment. The results indicated that the reduce of nitrogen amount under drip irrigation could promote the growth of flue-cured tobacco and improve the content of revertose, total sugar, sugar to nicotine ratio and the content of potassium in the middle leaves of tobacco. Reducing total nitrogen content and total alkaloid content,and coordinating chemical composition in the middle leaves could increase flue-cured tobacco output value and yield, and improve the sensory quality of tobacco leaves. The tobacco under the treatment of 60 kg/hm2 pure nitrogen with drip irrigation had the best chemical components and sensory quality in 2015 and 2016. Thus, 60 kg/hm2 pure nitrogen under drip irrigation was the best combination for the growth, quality and yield of tobacco in Wenshan, achieving the double purposes of saving water, saving fertilizer and optimizing the benefits of tobacco production.
The effects of different nitrogen application on the growth, development, economic character, appearance quality, internal quality and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco under drip irrigation were studied in 2 years field experiment. The results indicated that the reduce of nitrogen amount under drip irrigation could promote the growth of flue-cured tobacco and improve the content of revertose, total sugar, sugar to nicotine ratio and the content of potassium in the middle leaves of tobacco. Reducing total nitrogen content and total alkaloid content,and coordinating chemical composition in the middle leaves could increase flue-cured tobacco output value and yield, and improve the sensory quality of tobacco leaves. The tobacco under the treatment of 60 kg/hm2 pure nitrogen with drip irrigation had the best chemical components and sensory quality in 2015 and 2016. Thus, 60 kg/hm2 pure nitrogen under drip irrigation was the best combination for the growth, quality and yield of tobacco in Wenshan, achieving the double purposes of saving water, saving fertilizer and optimizing the benefits of tobacco production.
引文
Han F.G.,Shen Z.,Li Y.S.,Han L.Y.,Zhao M.Q.,Peng L.L.,and Song P.F.,2009,Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on economic characteristics,chemical components,and aroma quality in flue-cured tobacco,Zhongguo Yancao Xuebao(Acta Tabacaria Sinica),15(5):38-42(韩富根,沈铮,李元实,韩龙洋,赵铭钦,彭丽丽,宋鹏飞,2009,施氮量对烤烟经济性状,化学成分及香气质量的影响,中国烟草学报,15(5):38-42)
Kong D.J.,2012,Study on production of flue-cured tobacco with drip irrigation under plastic film in Guizhou Province,Thesis for M.S.,Hunan Agricultural University,Supervisor:Tang Q.Y.,pp.14-20(孔德钧,2012,膜下滴灌在贵州烤烟生产上的应用研究,硕士学位论文,湖南农业大学,导师:唐启源,pp.14-20)
Li D.W.,Li M.S.,Liu D.,Lv M.C.,and Jia Y.H.,2015,Effects of soil wetting pattern on the soil water-thermal environment and cotton root water consumption under mulched drip irrigation,Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao(Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology),26(8):2437-2444(李东伟,李明思,刘东,吕谋超,贾艳辉,2015,膜下滴灌土壤湿润范围对棉花根层土壤水热环境和根系耗水的影响,应用生态学报,26(8):2437-2444)
Liu B.R.,Zu C.L.,Ma J.,Cheng C.H.,Wang Y.,Xie Y.Y.,Zhang L.,Shen J.,and Deng X.B.,2017,Effects of nitrogen fertilization and number of residual leaves on structure,yield and quality of flue cured tobacco in high altitude tobacco planting areas,Yancao Keji(Tobacco Science&Technology),50(4):25-30(刘碧荣,祖朝龙,马均,程昌合,王勇,解莹莹,张林,沈嘉,邓小波,2017,施氮量与留叶数调控对高海拔烟区烤烟烟叶结构、产量及品质的影响,烟草科技,50(4):25-30)
Lu L.M.,Zhu J.,Lei Q.,Ye L.H.,and Du W.M.,2012,Sensory quality and main chemical components of flue-cured tobacco leaves in main producing areas of Sichuan,Caoye Xuebao(Acta Pratacul Turae Sinica),21(4):88-97(鲁黎明,朱靓,雷强,叶利华,杜卫民,2012,四川烤烟主产区烟叶感官质量及主要化学成分分析,草业学报,21(4):88-97)
Luo J.Y.,ed,2003,Water saving irrigation theories and techniques,Wuhan University Press,Wuhan,China,pp.1-67(罗金耀,编著,2003,节水灌溉理论与技术,武汉大学出版社,中国,武汉,pp.1-67)
Ma X.H.,Shi Y.,Zhang Z.F.,Wang Y.,Yang M.F.,Guan E.S.and Li J.X.,2015,Effects of nitrogen fertilizer rate and ratio of base and topdressing on flue-cured tobacco quality and nitrogen utilization efficiency,Zhongguo Yancao Kexue(Chinese Tobacco Science),36(4):34-39(马兴华,石屹张忠锋,王永,杨明峰,管恩森,李剑侠,2015,施氮量与基追比例对烟叶品质及氮肥利用率的影响,中国烟草科学,36(4):34-39)
Miller G.A.,Farahani H.J.,Hassell R.L.,Khalilian A.,Adelberg J.W.,and Wells C.E.,2014,Field evaluation and performance of capacitance probes for automated drip irrigation of watermelons,Agr.Water Manage.,131(1):124-134
Qian J.J.,Yuan B.Z.,Bie Z.L.,and Kang Y.H.,2013,Effect of deficit irrigation on development and quality of muskmelon in plastic greenhouse,Henongxue Bao(Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences),27(9):1401-1408(千晶晶,原保忠别之龙,康跃虎,2013,亏缺灌溉对大棚滴灌甜瓜果实发育及品质影响,核农学报,27(9):1401-1408)
Shi H.Z.,Fan Y.K.,Liu G.S.,and Shen X.T.,2008,Research situation and prospect of water-fertilizer coupling technique in tobacco,Henan Nongye Kexue(Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences),37(10):5-10(史宏志,范艺宽,刘国顺沈笑天,2008,烟草水肥耦合机理研究现状和展望,河南农业科学,37(10):5-10)
Wang X.,2009,Effects of different irrigation methods on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco,Thesis for M.S.,Henan University,Supervisors:Liu G.S.,and Wang Y.T.,pp.9-20(王行,2009,不同灌水方式对烤烟产质量的影响,硕士学位论文,河南农业大学,导师:刘国顺,王彦亭,pp.9-20)
Xie S.C.,and Hui S.B.,1997,A study on the model leading to high-yield and high-efficiency for sprinkler irrigation in wheat field,Guangai Paishui Xuebao(Journal of Irrigation and Drainage),16(1):14-18(谢森传,惠士博,1997,高产高效冬小麦节水喷灌模式研究,灌溉排水学报,16(1):14-18)
Yang H.Q.,Wang S.S.,Zhang J.B.,He D.H.,Ma W.G.,Feng T.,and Gong M.,2015,Differential response and comparison of polyphenols metabolism in tobacco seedling under the stresses of drought and low temperature,Jiyinzuxue Yu Yingyong Shengwuxue(Genomics and Applied Biology),34(3):645-654(杨慧芹,王莎莎,张建波,郝大海,马文广,逄涛,龚明,2015,烟草多酚代谢对干旱和低温胁迫的响应差异及其比较,基因组学与应用生物学,34(3):645-654)
Zhang C.B.,Wang Q.J.,Fan J.,and Li S.Q.,2008,Effect of initial soil moisture content on nitrate transportation in loessial soil under artificially simulated rainfall conditions,Zhiwu Yingyang Yu Feiliao Xuebao(Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science),14(5):894-899(张长保,王全九,樊军,李世清,2008,模拟降雨下初始含水量对砂黄土硝态氮迁移特征的影响,植物营养与肥料学报,14(5):894-899)
Zheng X.,Shi H.Z.,Yang X.Y.,Yang J.G.,Li J.J.,Wang J.,and Yang H.J.,2014,Effects of nitrogen rates and numbers of leaves remained on yield,quality and aroma components of sun-cured red tobacco,Zhongguo Yancao Kexue(Chinese Tobacco Science),39(1):49-56(郑昕,史宏志,杨兴有,杨吉光,李晶晶,王俊,杨惠娟,2018,施氮量与留叶数对万源晒红烟产质量和香气成分的影响,中国烟草科学,39(1):49-56)
Kong D.J.,2012,Study on production of flue-cured tobacco with drip irrigation under plastic film in Guizhou Province,Thesis for M.S.,Hunan Agricultural University,Supervisor:Tang Q.Y.,pp.14-20(孔德钧,2012,膜下滴灌在贵州烤烟生产上的应用研究,硕士学位论文,湖南农业大学,导师:唐启源,pp.14-20)
Li D.W.,Li M.S.,Liu D.,Lv M.C.,and Jia Y.H.,2015,Effects of soil wetting pattern on the soil water-thermal environment and cotton root water consumption under mulched drip irrigation,Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao(Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology),26(8):2437-2444(李东伟,李明思,刘东,吕谋超,贾艳辉,2015,膜下滴灌土壤湿润范围对棉花根层土壤水热环境和根系耗水的影响,应用生态学报,26(8):2437-2444)
Liu B.R.,Zu C.L.,Ma J.,Cheng C.H.,Wang Y.,Xie Y.Y.,Zhang L.,Shen J.,and Deng X.B.,2017,Effects of nitrogen fertilization and number of residual leaves on structure,yield and quality of flue cured tobacco in high altitude tobacco planting areas,Yancao Keji(Tobacco Science&Technology),50(4):25-30(刘碧荣,祖朝龙,马均,程昌合,王勇,解莹莹,张林,沈嘉,邓小波,2017,施氮量与留叶数调控对高海拔烟区烤烟烟叶结构、产量及品质的影响,烟草科技,50(4):25-30)
Lu L.M.,Zhu J.,Lei Q.,Ye L.H.,and Du W.M.,2012,Sensory quality and main chemical components of flue-cured tobacco leaves in main producing areas of Sichuan,Caoye Xuebao(Acta Pratacul Turae Sinica),21(4):88-97(鲁黎明,朱靓,雷强,叶利华,杜卫民,2012,四川烤烟主产区烟叶感官质量及主要化学成分分析,草业学报,21(4):88-97)
Luo J.Y.,ed,2003,Water saving irrigation theories and techniques,Wuhan University Press,Wuhan,China,pp.1-67(罗金耀,编著,2003,节水灌溉理论与技术,武汉大学出版社,中国,武汉,pp.1-67)
Ma X.H.,Shi Y.,Zhang Z.F.,Wang Y.,Yang M.F.,Guan E.S.and Li J.X.,2015,Effects of nitrogen fertilizer rate and ratio of base and topdressing on flue-cured tobacco quality and nitrogen utilization efficiency,Zhongguo Yancao Kexue(Chinese Tobacco Science),36(4):34-39(马兴华,石屹张忠锋,王永,杨明峰,管恩森,李剑侠,2015,施氮量与基追比例对烟叶品质及氮肥利用率的影响,中国烟草科学,36(4):34-39)
Miller G.A.,Farahani H.J.,Hassell R.L.,Khalilian A.,Adelberg J.W.,and Wells C.E.,2014,Field evaluation and performance of capacitance probes for automated drip irrigation of watermelons,Agr.Water Manage.,131(1):124-134
Qian J.J.,Yuan B.Z.,Bie Z.L.,and Kang Y.H.,2013,Effect of deficit irrigation on development and quality of muskmelon in plastic greenhouse,Henongxue Bao(Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences),27(9):1401-1408(千晶晶,原保忠别之龙,康跃虎,2013,亏缺灌溉对大棚滴灌甜瓜果实发育及品质影响,核农学报,27(9):1401-1408)
Shi H.Z.,Fan Y.K.,Liu G.S.,and Shen X.T.,2008,Research situation and prospect of water-fertilizer coupling technique in tobacco,Henan Nongye Kexue(Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences),37(10):5-10(史宏志,范艺宽,刘国顺沈笑天,2008,烟草水肥耦合机理研究现状和展望,河南农业科学,37(10):5-10)
Wang X.,2009,Effects of different irrigation methods on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco,Thesis for M.S.,Henan University,Supervisors:Liu G.S.,and Wang Y.T.,pp.9-20(王行,2009,不同灌水方式对烤烟产质量的影响,硕士学位论文,河南农业大学,导师:刘国顺,王彦亭,pp.9-20)
Xie S.C.,and Hui S.B.,1997,A study on the model leading to high-yield and high-efficiency for sprinkler irrigation in wheat field,Guangai Paishui Xuebao(Journal of Irrigation and Drainage),16(1):14-18(谢森传,惠士博,1997,高产高效冬小麦节水喷灌模式研究,灌溉排水学报,16(1):14-18)
Yang H.Q.,Wang S.S.,Zhang J.B.,He D.H.,Ma W.G.,Feng T.,and Gong M.,2015,Differential response and comparison of polyphenols metabolism in tobacco seedling under the stresses of drought and low temperature,Jiyinzuxue Yu Yingyong Shengwuxue(Genomics and Applied Biology),34(3):645-654(杨慧芹,王莎莎,张建波,郝大海,马文广,逄涛,龚明,2015,烟草多酚代谢对干旱和低温胁迫的响应差异及其比较,基因组学与应用生物学,34(3):645-654)
Zhang C.B.,Wang Q.J.,Fan J.,and Li S.Q.,2008,Effect of initial soil moisture content on nitrate transportation in loessial soil under artificially simulated rainfall conditions,Zhiwu Yingyang Yu Feiliao Xuebao(Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science),14(5):894-899(张长保,王全九,樊军,李世清,2008,模拟降雨下初始含水量对砂黄土硝态氮迁移特征的影响,植物营养与肥料学报,14(5):894-899)
Zheng X.,Shi H.Z.,Yang X.Y.,Yang J.G.,Li J.J.,Wang J.,and Yang H.J.,2014,Effects of nitrogen rates and numbers of leaves remained on yield,quality and aroma components of sun-cured red tobacco,Zhongguo Yancao Kexue(Chinese Tobacco Science),39(1):49-56(郑昕,史宏志,杨兴有,杨吉光,李晶晶,王俊,杨惠娟,2018,施氮量与留叶数对万源晒红烟产质量和香气成分的影响,中国烟草科学,39(1):49-56)