不同有机肥对砂田西瓜产量、品质和养分吸收的影响
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摘要
探讨不同有机肥对西北砂田西瓜生长、产量、品质和养分吸收利用的影响,为砂田西瓜合理施肥、优质高效生产提供理论依据.本试验以单施化肥为对照,在氮、磷、钾等养分条件下,设置了牛粪、鸡粪、羊粪、猪粪4个处理,测定了西瓜不同生育时期生长指标、产量、品质及养分吸收积累量.结果表明:施用牛粪、鸡粪和猪粪有机肥较单施化肥可促进西瓜营养生长和氮、钾养分的运转,显著提高西瓜产量和养分的吸收积累量,其中西瓜产量较化肥处理分别显著提高了27.4%、31.6%和30.2%,氮素积累量分别提高了26.3%、39.8%和47.4%,磷素积累量分别提高了49.3%、48.3%和55.9%,钾素积累量分别提高了35.8%、41.6%和51.9%.猪粪处理的西瓜品质最优,中心、边缘可溶性固形物含量较化肥处理分别显著提高了5.5%和11.6%,Vc含量提高了19.9%.羊粪处理各指标与化肥处理间差异不显著,甚至略低于化肥处理.综上,砂田西瓜种植应优先选用猪粪和鸡粪有机肥,避免或减少施用羊粪有机肥.
The effects of different kinds of organic fertilizer on the growth, yield, quality, and nutrient absorption and utlization of watermelon were examined to provide theoretical basis for adequate fertilization and efficient production of watermelon in gravel-mulched field in the Loess Pla-teau of Northwest China. The growth index and nutrient absorption at main stages of growth and development, yield and quality of watermelon were compared among treatments of applying chemical fertilizer(CK), cattle dung, chicken manure, sheep manure and pig manure which contained the equal amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The results showed that vegetative growth index, nitrogen and potassium transportation were promoted, yield and nutrient accumulation were improved in treatments of cattle dung, chicken manure and pig manure. Compared to chemical fertilizer, the fruit yield increased by 27.4%, 31.6% and 30.2%, respectively, nitrogen accumulation improved by 26.3%, 39.8% and 47.4%, phosphorus accumulation increased by 49.3%, 48.3% and 55.9%, potassium accumulation improved by 35.8%, 41.6% and 51.9%, respectively, under cattle dung, chicken manure and pig manure treatments. The quality of watermelon was better in pig manure treatment among all the treatments. The central and edge sugar content of watermelon increased by 5.5% and 11.6%, respectively, and Vc content increased by 19.9%, compared with the chemical fertilizer treatment. There was no significant difference between sheep manure and chemical fertilizer treatments. In conclusion, chicken manure and pig manure were optimal organic fertilizers for watermelon planting in gravel-mulched field. The application of sheep manure should be avoided or reduced.
The effects of different kinds of organic fertilizer on the growth, yield, quality, and nutrient absorption and utlization of watermelon were examined to provide theoretical basis for adequate fertilization and efficient production of watermelon in gravel-mulched field in the Loess Pla-teau of Northwest China. The growth index and nutrient absorption at main stages of growth and development, yield and quality of watermelon were compared among treatments of applying chemical fertilizer(CK), cattle dung, chicken manure, sheep manure and pig manure which contained the equal amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The results showed that vegetative growth index, nitrogen and potassium transportation were promoted, yield and nutrient accumulation were improved in treatments of cattle dung, chicken manure and pig manure. Compared to chemical fertilizer, the fruit yield increased by 27.4%, 31.6% and 30.2%, respectively, nitrogen accumulation improved by 26.3%, 39.8% and 47.4%, phosphorus accumulation increased by 49.3%, 48.3% and 55.9%, potassium accumulation improved by 35.8%, 41.6% and 51.9%, respectively, under cattle dung, chicken manure and pig manure treatments. The quality of watermelon was better in pig manure treatment among all the treatments. The central and edge sugar content of watermelon increased by 5.5% and 11.6%, respectively, and Vc content increased by 19.9%, compared with the chemical fertilizer treatment. There was no significant difference between sheep manure and chemical fertilizer treatments. In conclusion, chicken manure and pig manure were optimal organic fertilizers for watermelon planting in gravel-mulched field. The application of sheep manure should be avoided or reduced.
引文
[1] Liu X-Y (刘晓永). Study on Nutrient Balance and Requirement in Agricultural Production in China. PhD Thesis. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2018 (in Chinese)
[2] Peng J (彭靖). Review and discussion on utilization of agricultural waste resources in China. Ecology and Environmental Sciences (生态环境学报), 2009, 18(2): 794-798 (in Chinese)
[3] Jiang C-L (姜灿烂), He Y-Q (何园球), Liu X-L (刘晓利), et al. Effect of long-term application of organic manure on structure and stability of aggregate in upland red soil. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 2010, 47(4): 715-722 (in Chinese)
[4] Whalen JK, Hu QC, Liu AG. Compost applications increase water-stable aggregates in conventional and no-tillage systems. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2003, 67: 1842-1847
[5] Ning C-C (宁川川), Wang J-W (王建武), Cai K-Z (蔡昆争). The effects of organic fertilizers on soil ferti-lity and soil environmental quality: A review. Ecology and Environmental Sciences (生态环境学报), 2016, 25(1): 175-181 (in Chinese)
[6] Huang S, Rui WY, Peng XX, et al. Organic carbon fractions affected by long-term fertilization in a subtropical paddy soil. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2010, 86: 153-160
[7] Timo K, Cristina LF, Frank E. Abundance and biodiversity of soil microathropods as influenced by different types of organic manure in a long term field experiment in Central Spain. Applied Soil Ecology, 2006, 33: 278-285
[8] Ren F-L (任凤玲), Zhang X-B (张旭博), Sun N (孙楠), et al. A meta-analysis of manure application impact on soil microbial biomass across China’s croplands. Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学), 2018, 51(1): 119-128 (in Chinese)
[9] Xie J (谢军), Zhao Y-N (赵亚南), Chen X-J (陈轩敬), et al. Nitrogen of organic manure replacing chemical nitrogenous fertilizer improve maize yield and nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency. Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学), 2016, 49(20): 3934-3943 (in Chinese)
[10] Li S-Y (李恕艳), Li J-J (李吉进), Zhang B-X (张邦喜), et al. Effect of different organic fertilizers application on tomato quality and flavor. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China (中国土壤与肥料), 2017(2): 114-119 (in Chinese)
[11] Ge G (戈敢). The development and importance of pebble mulch in China. Journal of Agricultural Sciences (农业科学研究), 2009, 30(4): 52-54 (in Chinese)
[12] Ma Z-M (马忠明), Du S-P (杜少平), Xue L (薛亮). Theory and Technology of High-Efficient Use of Water and Fertilizer for Watermelon and Melon in Gravel-Mulched Field. Beijing: Science Press, 2018 (in Chinese)
[13] Xu Q (许强), Wu H-L (吴宏亮), Kang J-H (康建宏), et al. Study on evolution characteristics of sandy-field in arid region. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas (干旱地区农业研究), 2009, 27(1): 37-41 (in Chinese)
[14] Du S-P (杜少平), Ma Z-M (马忠明), Xue L (薛亮). Distribution characteristics of soil aggregates and associated organic carbon in gravel-mulched land with different cultivation years. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2017, 28(5): 1619-1625 (in Chinese)
[15] Xie J-N (谢娟娜), Fang Q (房琴), Lu Y (路杨), et al. Increasing organic fertilizers on improving salt resistance of crop. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin (中国农学通报), 2018, 34(3): 42-50 (in Chinese)
[16] Zhu P-P (朱盼盼), Zhang X (张显), Ren Z-L (任自力). Effects of different fertilizer application on soil microflora of continuous cropping watermelon. Northern Horticulture (北方园艺), 2013(11): 171-174 (in Chinese)
[17] Li S-X (李双喜), Shen Q-R (沈其荣), Zheng X-Q (郑宪清), et al. Effect of organic microbe fertilizer application on watermelon growth and soil microorganisms under continuous mono-cropping. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture (中国生态农业学报), 2012, 20(2): 169-174 (in Chinese)
[18] Lyu W-G (吕卫光), Huang Q-W (黄启为), Shen Q-R (沈其荣), et al. The effect of organic fertilizer and organic-inorganic fertilizer application on soil enzymes activities during watermelon growing period. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University (南京农业大学学报), 2005, 28(4): 68-71 (in Chinese)
[19] Zhao P (赵鹏), Dong C-X (董彩霞), Shen C-W (申长卫), et al. Effects of three organic and inorganic fertilizers combined application on absorption of nitrogen and potassium, yield and quality of watermelon. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University (南京农业大学学报), 2015, 38(2): 288-294 (in Chinese)
[20] Cao Y-E (曹云娥), Li J-S (李建设), Gao Y-M (高艳明), et al. Effects of different organic materials on greenhouse soil environment and watermelon growth. China Vegetables (中国蔬菜), 2016(9): 47-51 (in Chinese)
[21] Du S-P (杜少平), Ma Z-M (马忠明), Xue L (薛亮). Effects of combined application of N,P and K on yield and quality of watermelon in gravel-mulched fields. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer (植物营养与肥料学报), 2016, 22(2): 468-475 (in Chinese)
[22] Hao J-J (郝建军). Experimental Technique in Plant Physiology. Shenyang: Liaoning Science and Technology Press, 2001 (in Chinese)
[23] Bao S-D (鲍士旦). Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Analysis. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2000 (in Chinese)
[24] Ma Z-M (马忠明), Du S-P (杜少平), Xue L (薛亮). Effects of nitrogen managements on yield, quality, nitrogen accumulation and its transportation of water-melon in gravel-mulched field. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2015, 26(11): 3353-3360 (in Chinese)
[25] General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China (中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局). Safety Qualification for Agricultural Product Safety Requirements for Non-environmental Pollution Fruit (GB 18406.2-2001). Beijing: China Standards Press, 2001 (in Chinese)
[26] Li Q-W (李庆伟), Zhang Y-F (张亚菲), Wang Y-J (王应君), et al. Effect of commercial organic fertilizer on the quality and yield of watermelon. Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences (黑龙江农业科学), 2015(2): 33-36 (in Chinese)
[27] Pu Y-Y (蒲瑶瑶), Lyu X-M (吕秀敏), Wu M-C (邬梦成), et al. Effects of partial substitution for chemical fertilizer by organic manure on the growth and nutrient use of watermelon under fumigation condition. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation (水土保持学报), 2017, 31(6): 306-311 (in Chinese)
[28] Cao Y-E (曹云娥), Li J-S (李建设), Gao Y-M (高艳明), et al. Effects of different organic materials on greenhouse soil environment and watermelon growth. China Vegetables (中国蔬菜), 2016(9): 47-51 (in Chinese)
[29] Sharma KL, Mandal UK, Srinivas K, et al. Long-term soil management effects on crop yields and soil quality in a dryland Alfisol. Soil and Tillage Research, 2005, 83: 246-259
[30] Li Y-K (李银坤), Mei X-R (梅旭荣), Xia X (夏旭), et al. Effect of nitrogen reduction and combined application of organic fertilizer on soil water dynamics and water and nitrogen use efficiency of summer maize in North China Plain. Research of Soil and Water Conservation (水土保持研究), 2018, 25(5): 54-60 (in Chinese)
[31] Du S-P (杜少平), Ma Z-M (马忠明), Xue L (薛亮). Effect of potassium, boron and zinc fertilizers on growth and nutrient uptake in watermelon grown in gravel-mulched fields. Journal of Fruit Science (果树学报), 2016, 33(7): 841-849 (in Chinese)
[32] Yao X-W (要晓玮), Liang Y-L (梁银丽), Zeng R (曾睿), et al. Effects of different organic fertilizers on the yield and quality of pepper. Journal of Northwest A&F University (西北农林科技大学学报), 2011, 39(10): 157-162 (in Chinese)
[33] Niu Q-L (牛庆良), Huang D-F (黄丹枫), Zhao Z-K (赵志昆). Effects of zinc enrichment on substance accumulation and quality of melon fruit. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (上海交通大学学报), 2006, 24(3): 235-239 (in Chinese)
[34] Han J-L (韩金玲), Li Y-M (李雁鸣), Ma C-Y (马春英). The effect of zinc on crop growth and yield. Journal of Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology (河北科技师范学院学报), 2004, 18(4): 72-76 (in Chinese)
[35] Li S-T (李书田), Liu R-L (刘荣乐), Shan H (陕红). Nutrient contents in main animal manures in China. Journal of Agro-Environment Science (农业环境科学学报), 2009, 28(1): 179-184 (in Chinese)
[36] Wang Y-W (王彦伟). Acidic Fertilizer Performance on Wheat in Calcareous Soil. PhD Thesis. Shihezi: Shihezi University, 2017 (in Chinese)
[37] Agehara S, Warncke D. Soil moisture and temperature effects on nitrogen release from organic nitrogen sources. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2005, 69: 69-73
[38] Han X-R (韩晓日), Zheng G-D (郑国砥), Liu X-Y (刘晓燕), et al. Dynamics, sources and supply cha-racteristic of microbial biomass nitrogen in soil applied with manure and fertilizer. Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学), 2007, 40(4): 765-772 (in Chinese)
[39] Zhou B (周博), Gao J-J (高佳佳), Zhou J-B (周建斌). Carbon and nitrogen mineralization characteristics of different types of organic manures. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science (植物营养与肥料学报), 2012, 18(2): 366-373 (in Chinese)
[40] Reddy DD, Rao AS, Rupa TR. Effects of continuous use of cattle manure and fertilizer phosphorus on crop yields and soil organic phosphorus in a Vertisol. Bioresource Technology, 2000, 75: 113-118
[41] Zhao X-Q (赵晓齐), Lu R-K (鲁如坤). Effect of organic manures on soil phosphorus adsorption. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 1991, 28(1): 7-13 (in Chinese)
[42] Zhang T (张田), Xu H (许浩), Ru S-H (茹淑华), et al. Distribution of phosphorus in soil profiles after continuous application of different fertilizers. Environmental Science (环境科学), 2017, 38(12): 5247-5255 (in Chinese)
[43] Chen J (陈静), Huang Y-S (黄有胜), Li T-X (李廷轩). Phosphorous accumulation characteristics of two ecotypes of Pilea sinofasciata grown in soils amended with swine manure. Acta Prataculturae Sinica (草业学报), 2017, 26(11): 139-146 (in Chinese)
[44] Ma Z-M (马忠明), Du S-P (杜少平), Xue L (薛亮). Effects of combined application of P and K on the yield,quality and nutrient utilization of watermelon in gravel-mulched field. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer (植物营养与肥料学报), 2014, 20(3): 687-695 (in Chinese)
[2] Peng J (彭靖). Review and discussion on utilization of agricultural waste resources in China. Ecology and Environmental Sciences (生态环境学报), 2009, 18(2): 794-798 (in Chinese)
[3] Jiang C-L (姜灿烂), He Y-Q (何园球), Liu X-L (刘晓利), et al. Effect of long-term application of organic manure on structure and stability of aggregate in upland red soil. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 2010, 47(4): 715-722 (in Chinese)
[4] Whalen JK, Hu QC, Liu AG. Compost applications increase water-stable aggregates in conventional and no-tillage systems. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2003, 67: 1842-1847
[5] Ning C-C (宁川川), Wang J-W (王建武), Cai K-Z (蔡昆争). The effects of organic fertilizers on soil ferti-lity and soil environmental quality: A review. Ecology and Environmental Sciences (生态环境学报), 2016, 25(1): 175-181 (in Chinese)
[6] Huang S, Rui WY, Peng XX, et al. Organic carbon fractions affected by long-term fertilization in a subtropical paddy soil. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2010, 86: 153-160
[7] Timo K, Cristina LF, Frank E. Abundance and biodiversity of soil microathropods as influenced by different types of organic manure in a long term field experiment in Central Spain. Applied Soil Ecology, 2006, 33: 278-285
[8] Ren F-L (任凤玲), Zhang X-B (张旭博), Sun N (孙楠), et al. A meta-analysis of manure application impact on soil microbial biomass across China’s croplands. Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学), 2018, 51(1): 119-128 (in Chinese)
[9] Xie J (谢军), Zhao Y-N (赵亚南), Chen X-J (陈轩敬), et al. Nitrogen of organic manure replacing chemical nitrogenous fertilizer improve maize yield and nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency. Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学), 2016, 49(20): 3934-3943 (in Chinese)
[10] Li S-Y (李恕艳), Li J-J (李吉进), Zhang B-X (张邦喜), et al. Effect of different organic fertilizers application on tomato quality and flavor. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China (中国土壤与肥料), 2017(2): 114-119 (in Chinese)
[11] Ge G (戈敢). The development and importance of pebble mulch in China. Journal of Agricultural Sciences (农业科学研究), 2009, 30(4): 52-54 (in Chinese)
[12] Ma Z-M (马忠明), Du S-P (杜少平), Xue L (薛亮). Theory and Technology of High-Efficient Use of Water and Fertilizer for Watermelon and Melon in Gravel-Mulched Field. Beijing: Science Press, 2018 (in Chinese)
[13] Xu Q (许强), Wu H-L (吴宏亮), Kang J-H (康建宏), et al. Study on evolution characteristics of sandy-field in arid region. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas (干旱地区农业研究), 2009, 27(1): 37-41 (in Chinese)
[14] Du S-P (杜少平), Ma Z-M (马忠明), Xue L (薛亮). Distribution characteristics of soil aggregates and associated organic carbon in gravel-mulched land with different cultivation years. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2017, 28(5): 1619-1625 (in Chinese)
[15] Xie J-N (谢娟娜), Fang Q (房琴), Lu Y (路杨), et al. Increasing organic fertilizers on improving salt resistance of crop. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin (中国农学通报), 2018, 34(3): 42-50 (in Chinese)
[16] Zhu P-P (朱盼盼), Zhang X (张显), Ren Z-L (任自力). Effects of different fertilizer application on soil microflora of continuous cropping watermelon. Northern Horticulture (北方园艺), 2013(11): 171-174 (in Chinese)
[17] Li S-X (李双喜), Shen Q-R (沈其荣), Zheng X-Q (郑宪清), et al. Effect of organic microbe fertilizer application on watermelon growth and soil microorganisms under continuous mono-cropping. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture (中国生态农业学报), 2012, 20(2): 169-174 (in Chinese)
[18] Lyu W-G (吕卫光), Huang Q-W (黄启为), Shen Q-R (沈其荣), et al. The effect of organic fertilizer and organic-inorganic fertilizer application on soil enzymes activities during watermelon growing period. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University (南京农业大学学报), 2005, 28(4): 68-71 (in Chinese)
[19] Zhao P (赵鹏), Dong C-X (董彩霞), Shen C-W (申长卫), et al. Effects of three organic and inorganic fertilizers combined application on absorption of nitrogen and potassium, yield and quality of watermelon. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University (南京农业大学学报), 2015, 38(2): 288-294 (in Chinese)
[20] Cao Y-E (曹云娥), Li J-S (李建设), Gao Y-M (高艳明), et al. Effects of different organic materials on greenhouse soil environment and watermelon growth. China Vegetables (中国蔬菜), 2016(9): 47-51 (in Chinese)
[21] Du S-P (杜少平), Ma Z-M (马忠明), Xue L (薛亮). Effects of combined application of N,P and K on yield and quality of watermelon in gravel-mulched fields. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer (植物营养与肥料学报), 2016, 22(2): 468-475 (in Chinese)
[22] Hao J-J (郝建军). Experimental Technique in Plant Physiology. Shenyang: Liaoning Science and Technology Press, 2001 (in Chinese)
[23] Bao S-D (鲍士旦). Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Analysis. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2000 (in Chinese)
[24] Ma Z-M (马忠明), Du S-P (杜少平), Xue L (薛亮). Effects of nitrogen managements on yield, quality, nitrogen accumulation and its transportation of water-melon in gravel-mulched field. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2015, 26(11): 3353-3360 (in Chinese)
[25] General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China (中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局). Safety Qualification for Agricultural Product Safety Requirements for Non-environmental Pollution Fruit (GB 18406.2-2001). Beijing: China Standards Press, 2001 (in Chinese)
[26] Li Q-W (李庆伟), Zhang Y-F (张亚菲), Wang Y-J (王应君), et al. Effect of commercial organic fertilizer on the quality and yield of watermelon. Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences (黑龙江农业科学), 2015(2): 33-36 (in Chinese)
[27] Pu Y-Y (蒲瑶瑶), Lyu X-M (吕秀敏), Wu M-C (邬梦成), et al. Effects of partial substitution for chemical fertilizer by organic manure on the growth and nutrient use of watermelon under fumigation condition. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation (水土保持学报), 2017, 31(6): 306-311 (in Chinese)
[28] Cao Y-E (曹云娥), Li J-S (李建设), Gao Y-M (高艳明), et al. Effects of different organic materials on greenhouse soil environment and watermelon growth. China Vegetables (中国蔬菜), 2016(9): 47-51 (in Chinese)
[29] Sharma KL, Mandal UK, Srinivas K, et al. Long-term soil management effects on crop yields and soil quality in a dryland Alfisol. Soil and Tillage Research, 2005, 83: 246-259
[30] Li Y-K (李银坤), Mei X-R (梅旭荣), Xia X (夏旭), et al. Effect of nitrogen reduction and combined application of organic fertilizer on soil water dynamics and water and nitrogen use efficiency of summer maize in North China Plain. Research of Soil and Water Conservation (水土保持研究), 2018, 25(5): 54-60 (in Chinese)
[31] Du S-P (杜少平), Ma Z-M (马忠明), Xue L (薛亮). Effect of potassium, boron and zinc fertilizers on growth and nutrient uptake in watermelon grown in gravel-mulched fields. Journal of Fruit Science (果树学报), 2016, 33(7): 841-849 (in Chinese)
[32] Yao X-W (要晓玮), Liang Y-L (梁银丽), Zeng R (曾睿), et al. Effects of different organic fertilizers on the yield and quality of pepper. Journal of Northwest A&F University (西北农林科技大学学报), 2011, 39(10): 157-162 (in Chinese)
[33] Niu Q-L (牛庆良), Huang D-F (黄丹枫), Zhao Z-K (赵志昆). Effects of zinc enrichment on substance accumulation and quality of melon fruit. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (上海交通大学学报), 2006, 24(3): 235-239 (in Chinese)
[34] Han J-L (韩金玲), Li Y-M (李雁鸣), Ma C-Y (马春英). The effect of zinc on crop growth and yield. Journal of Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology (河北科技师范学院学报), 2004, 18(4): 72-76 (in Chinese)
[35] Li S-T (李书田), Liu R-L (刘荣乐), Shan H (陕红). Nutrient contents in main animal manures in China. Journal of Agro-Environment Science (农业环境科学学报), 2009, 28(1): 179-184 (in Chinese)
[36] Wang Y-W (王彦伟). Acidic Fertilizer Performance on Wheat in Calcareous Soil. PhD Thesis. Shihezi: Shihezi University, 2017 (in Chinese)
[37] Agehara S, Warncke D. Soil moisture and temperature effects on nitrogen release from organic nitrogen sources. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2005, 69: 69-73
[38] Han X-R (韩晓日), Zheng G-D (郑国砥), Liu X-Y (刘晓燕), et al. Dynamics, sources and supply cha-racteristic of microbial biomass nitrogen in soil applied with manure and fertilizer. Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学), 2007, 40(4): 765-772 (in Chinese)
[39] Zhou B (周博), Gao J-J (高佳佳), Zhou J-B (周建斌). Carbon and nitrogen mineralization characteristics of different types of organic manures. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science (植物营养与肥料学报), 2012, 18(2): 366-373 (in Chinese)
[40] Reddy DD, Rao AS, Rupa TR. Effects of continuous use of cattle manure and fertilizer phosphorus on crop yields and soil organic phosphorus in a Vertisol. Bioresource Technology, 2000, 75: 113-118
[41] Zhao X-Q (赵晓齐), Lu R-K (鲁如坤). Effect of organic manures on soil phosphorus adsorption. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 1991, 28(1): 7-13 (in Chinese)
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