拉萨河流域大型底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系
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摘要
2017年8月对拉萨河流域23个采样点的底栖动物群落和环境因子特征进行了调查,采集到大型底栖动物41属(种),其中水生昆虫35属(种),占85.4%;软体动物2属(种),占4.9%;环节动物3属(种),占7.3%;线形动物1属(种),占2.4%。各点位平均物种数为8种,优势种组成差别较大,优势种主要有四节蜉属(Baetis spp.)、大蚊属(Tipula sp.)、纹石蛾属(Hydopsychesp.)、短石蛾属(Brachycentrus sp.)、水丝蚓属(Limnodrilus sp.)、摇蚊属(Chironomus sp.)等,各采样点底栖动物平均密度为362只/m2。运用生物多样性指数分析底栖动物的群落结构,Marglef丰富度指数、香农威纳指数和均匀度指数平均值分别为1.18、1.32和0.49,生物多样性指数水平较低。采用均匀度指数法和底栖动物BI指数法进行了水质评价,两种评价结果显示分别有30.3%和56.5%的采样点水质为中污染至重污染状态。典范对应分析结果表明:影响拉萨河流域底栖动物群落的主要环境因子是海拔、化学需氧量、硫化物、p H值、总磷和总氮。
The macroinvertebrate community structure and environmental factors were surveyed in 23 sampling sites in the Lhasa River Basin in August 2017. A total of 41 macroinvertebrate species were collected,of which,35 species( 85.4%)were aquatic insects,2 species( 4. 9%) were mollusks,3 species( 7. 3%) were annelids,1 species( 2. 4%) was nematomorpha. The average number of species was 8 from all sites,there were significant differences in the dominant species composition,the main dominant species were Baetis spp., Tipula sp., Hydopsyche sp., Brachycentrus sp.,Limnodrilus sp., and Chironomus sp. The average density of macroinvertebrate species was 362 ind/m~2. The macroinvertebrate community structure was evaluated by using biodiversity indices( including the Margalef species richness index,Shannon-Wiener index,and Pielou index). The level of biodiversity indices were relatively low,and the average value of each index was 1.18,1.32,and 0.49,respectively. The Pielou index and Biotic Index were used to assess the water quality. The two results of assessment,respectively,showed that 30.3% and 56.5% of sampling sites were moderately polluted or heavily polluted. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that macroinvertebrate community structure was heavily determined by levels of altitude,COD_(Cr),sulfides,pH,TP and TN.
The macroinvertebrate community structure and environmental factors were surveyed in 23 sampling sites in the Lhasa River Basin in August 2017. A total of 41 macroinvertebrate species were collected,of which,35 species( 85.4%)were aquatic insects,2 species( 4. 9%) were mollusks,3 species( 7. 3%) were annelids,1 species( 2. 4%) was nematomorpha. The average number of species was 8 from all sites,there were significant differences in the dominant species composition,the main dominant species were Baetis spp., Tipula sp., Hydopsyche sp., Brachycentrus sp.,Limnodrilus sp., and Chironomus sp. The average density of macroinvertebrate species was 362 ind/m~2. The macroinvertebrate community structure was evaluated by using biodiversity indices( including the Margalef species richness index,Shannon-Wiener index,and Pielou index). The level of biodiversity indices were relatively low,and the average value of each index was 1.18,1.32,and 0.49,respectively. The Pielou index and Biotic Index were used to assess the water quality. The two results of assessment,respectively,showed that 30.3% and 56.5% of sampling sites were moderately polluted or heavily polluted. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that macroinvertebrate community structure was heavily determined by levels of altitude,COD_(Cr),sulfides,pH,TP and TN.
引文
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[21]渠晓东,曹明,邵美玲,黎道丰,蔡庆华.雅砻江(锦屏段)及其主要支流的大型底栖动物.应用生态学报,2007,18(1):158-162.
[22]曹艳霞,蔡德所,张杰,赵湘桂,王备新.漓江水系大型无脊椎底栖动物多样性现状调查.广西师范大学学报:自然科学版,2009,27(2):118-123.
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[24]李宁,陈阿兰,杨春江,马琪,马国良,孙瑜旸,白露超.湟水河上游大型底栖动物多样性及水体理化因子调查分析.中国农学通报,2016,32(23):43-48.
[25]张莹,吕振波,徐宗法,刘义豪,靳洋.山东半岛南部海湾底栖动物群落生态特征及其与水环境的关系.生态学报,2011,31(15):4455-4467.
[26]吴东浩,于海燕,吴海燕,周斌,王备新.基于大型底栖无脊椎动物确定河流营养盐浓度阈值---以西苕溪上游流域为例.应用生态学报,2010,21(2):483-488.
[27]谢旭,俞存根,郑基,夏陆军,毕耜瑶,张平,邓小艳,苗露.鱼山渔场披山海域虾类群落结构及其与环境因子的关系.大连海洋大学学报,2017,32(6):713-723.
[28]张又,程龙,尹洪斌,高俊峰,张志明,蔡永久.巢湖流域不同水系大型底栖动物群落结构及影响因素.湖泊科学,2017,29(1):200-215.
[29]de Jonge M,Dreesen F,de Paepe J,Blust R,Bervoets L.Do acid volatile sulfides(AVS)influence the accumulation of sediment-bound metals to benthic invertebrates under natural field conditions?Environmental Science&Technology,2009,43(12):4510-4516.
[2]Bonada N,Prat N,Resh V H,Statzner B.Developments in aquatic insect biomonitoring:a comparative analysis of recent approaches.Annual Review of Entomology,2006,51:495-523.
[3]李镇,张岩,袁建平,卢路.大型底栖无脊椎动物在河流健康评价中的发展趋势.南水北调与水利科技,2011,9(4):96-101.
[4]中国科学院青藏高原综合科学考察队.西藏河流与湖泊.北京:科学出版社,1984:108-142.
[5]布多,许祖银,吴坚扎西,李明礼,旦增,德吉.拉萨河流域选矿厂分布及其对环境的影响.西藏大学学报:自然科学版,2009,24(2):33-38.
[6]简东,黄道明,常秀岭,张庆,谢山,陈峰,陈胜.拉萨河中下游底栖动物群落结构特征分析.水生态学杂志,2015,36(1):40-46.
[7]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法(第四版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[8]徐兆礼.东海亚强真哲水蚤种群生态特征.生态学报,2006,26(4):1151-1158.
[9]Margalef R.Diversidad de especies en las comunidades naturales.Publicacions del Institute de Biologia Aplicada,1951,9(5):5-27.
[10]Shannon C E,Weaver W.The Mathematical Theory of Communication.Urbana:University of Illinois Press,1963.
[11]Pielou E C.Ecological Diversity.New York:John Wiley,1975.
[12]Ter Braak C J F.Canonical correspondence analysis:a new eigenvector technique for multivariate direct gradient analysis.Ecology,1986,67(5):1167-1179.
[13]殷旭旺,韩洁,王博涵,金文,杨璐,陈海,吴丹.太子河流域底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系.水产学杂志,2017,30(3):40-44.
[14]段学花,王兆印,程东升.典型河床底质组成中底栖动物群落及多样性.生态学报,2007,27(4):1664-1672.
[15]杨莲芳,李佑文,戚道光,孙长海,田立新.九华河水生昆虫群落结构和水质生物评价.生态学报,1992,12(1):8-15.
[16]赵伟华,刘学勤.西藏雅鲁藏布江雄村河段及其支流底栖动物初步研究.长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(3):281-286.
[17]马宝珊,谢从新,杨学峰,霍斌.雅鲁藏布江谢通门江段着生生物和底栖动物资源初步研究.长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(8):942-950.
[18]李斌,徐丹丹,刘绍平,王志坚.怒江西藏段大型底栖动物群落结构及多样性研究.淡水渔业,2015,45(2):43-48.
[19]徐梦珍,王兆印,潘保柱,巩同梁,刘乐.雅鲁藏布江流域底栖动物多样性及生态评价.生态学报,2012,32(8):2351-2360.
[20]Dudgeon D.Responses of benthic macroinvertebrate communities to altitude and geology in tributaries of the Sepik River(Papua New Guinea):the influence of taxonomic resolution on the detection of environmental gradients.Freshwater Biology,2012,57(9):1794-1812.
[21]渠晓东,曹明,邵美玲,黎道丰,蔡庆华.雅砻江(锦屏段)及其主要支流的大型底栖动物.应用生态学报,2007,18(1):158-162.
[22]曹艳霞,蔡德所,张杰,赵湘桂,王备新.漓江水系大型无脊椎底栖动物多样性现状调查.广西师范大学学报:自然科学版,2009,27(2):118-123.
[23]Jacobsen D,Schultz R,Encalada A.Structure and diversity of stream invertebrate assemblages:the influence of temperature with altitude and latitude.Freshwater Biology,1997,38(2):247-261.
[24]李宁,陈阿兰,杨春江,马琪,马国良,孙瑜旸,白露超.湟水河上游大型底栖动物多样性及水体理化因子调查分析.中国农学通报,2016,32(23):43-48.
[25]张莹,吕振波,徐宗法,刘义豪,靳洋.山东半岛南部海湾底栖动物群落生态特征及其与水环境的关系.生态学报,2011,31(15):4455-4467.
[26]吴东浩,于海燕,吴海燕,周斌,王备新.基于大型底栖无脊椎动物确定河流营养盐浓度阈值---以西苕溪上游流域为例.应用生态学报,2010,21(2):483-488.
[27]谢旭,俞存根,郑基,夏陆军,毕耜瑶,张平,邓小艳,苗露.鱼山渔场披山海域虾类群落结构及其与环境因子的关系.大连海洋大学学报,2017,32(6):713-723.
[28]张又,程龙,尹洪斌,高俊峰,张志明,蔡永久.巢湖流域不同水系大型底栖动物群落结构及影响因素.湖泊科学,2017,29(1):200-215.
[29]de Jonge M,Dreesen F,de Paepe J,Blust R,Bervoets L.Do acid volatile sulfides(AVS)influence the accumulation of sediment-bound metals to benthic invertebrates under natural field conditions?Environmental Science&Technology,2009,43(12):4510-4516.