计及碳交易机制的核-火-虚拟电厂三阶段联合调峰策略研究
|
摘要
在核电机组占比较高的省级电网,为了提高其运行的安全性和灵活性,将发电侧与需求侧调峰资源相结合,建立了核-火-虚拟电厂三阶段联合调峰模型。该模型采用等效负荷的方法处理风电机组出力,并引入碳交易机制,从经济性与低碳性两方面分析运行成本,以系统联合调峰成本最低为优化目标。采用三阶段调度方法,根据系统需求确定核电机组的最优调峰模式与调峰深度,并有效平抑等效负荷的预测误差。利用CPLEX求解器对该混合整数规划问题进行求解,算例仿真验证了所建立模型的合理性与有效性,结果表明所提模型保证了核电机组的安全灵活运行,能够缓解系统的调峰压力,减少火电机组的启停调峰,并有效避免发电机组因负荷预测误差而频繁改变出力,降低了系统的运行成本与碳排放,使经济效益与环境效益得到均衡。
In the provincial power grid with high proportion of nuclear power plant(NPP), in order to improve safety and flexibility of NPP, a three-stage combined peak regulation model of nuclear-thermal-virtual power plant(VPP) is established by combining generation side with demand side peak regulation resources. The model adopts the method of equivalent load to deal with wind power, and introduces carbon trading mechanism to analyze operation cost from two aspects: economy and low carbon. The optimal objective is to minimize the cost of combined peak regulation. Three-stage dispatching method is adopted to determine optimal peak regulation mode and depth of NPP according to system requirements and depress the prediction error of equivalent load. CPLEX solver is used to solve the mixed integer programming problem. Simulation results verify rationality and validity of the model. The results indicate that the proposed model can ensure safe and flexible operation of NPP, release peak regulation pressure of system, reduce start-up and stop-down peak regulation of thermal power units, and effectively avoid frequent changes of the generating units due to load forecasting errors. And it can also reduce operating cost and carbon emission of system and balance the economic and environmental benefits.
In the provincial power grid with high proportion of nuclear power plant(NPP), in order to improve safety and flexibility of NPP, a three-stage combined peak regulation model of nuclear-thermal-virtual power plant(VPP) is established by combining generation side with demand side peak regulation resources. The model adopts the method of equivalent load to deal with wind power, and introduces carbon trading mechanism to analyze operation cost from two aspects: economy and low carbon. The optimal objective is to minimize the cost of combined peak regulation. Three-stage dispatching method is adopted to determine optimal peak regulation mode and depth of NPP according to system requirements and depress the prediction error of equivalent load. CPLEX solver is used to solve the mixed integer programming problem. Simulation results verify rationality and validity of the model. The results indicate that the proposed model can ensure safe and flexible operation of NPP, release peak regulation pressure of system, reduce start-up and stop-down peak regulation of thermal power units, and effectively avoid frequent changes of the generating units due to load forecasting errors. And it can also reduce operating cost and carbon emission of system and balance the economic and environmental benefits.
引文
[1]娄素华,卢斯煜,吴耀武,等.低碳电力系统规划与运行优化研究综述[J].电网技术,2013,37(6):1483-1490.Lou Suhua,Lu Siyu,Wu Yaowu,et al.An overview on low-carbon power system planning and operation optimization[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(6):1483-1490(in Chinese).
[2]叶奇蓁.后福岛时期我国核电的发展[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(11):1-8.Ye Qizhen.China’s nuclear power development after Fukushima nuclear power plant accident[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(11):1-8(in Chinese).
[3]马习朋.探讨大型压水堆核电机组参与电网中间负荷调峰[J].现代电力,2007,24(4):28-33.Ma Xipeng.Large-scale PWR power plants participating in peak-load regulation of grid middle load[J].Modern Electric Power,2007,24(4):28-33(in Chinese).
[4]常烨骙,刘娆,王冲,等.核电参与三次调频控制策略研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(8):71-76.Chang Yekui,Liu Rao,Wang Chong.et al.Study on the control strategy of the third frequency adjustment with the participation of the nuclear power[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(8):71-76(in Chinese).
[5]Dong Z,Feng J T,Huang X J.Nonlinear observer-based feedback dissspation load-following control for nuclear reactors[J].IEEETransactions on Nuclear Science,2009,56(1):272-285.
[6]赵洁,刘涤尘,雷庆生,等.核电机组参与电网调峰及与抽水蓄能电站联合运行研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(7):1-6.Zhao Jie,Liu Dichen,Lei Qingsheng,et al.Analysis of nuclear power plant participating in peak load regulation of power grid and combined operation with pumped storage power plant[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(7):1-6(in Chinese).
[7]王骏,赵洁,刘涤尘,等.考虑核电参与的调峰优化运行模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(6):1665-1674,1903.Wang Jun,Zhao Jie,Liu Dichen,et al.Optimal scheduling model of peak load regulation considering participation of nuclear power plant[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(6):1665-1674,1903(in Chinese).
[8]赵洁,刘涤尘,杨楠,等.核电机组参与电网调峰的运行方式及效益分析[J].电网技术,2012,36(12):250-255.Zhao Jie,Liu Dichen,Yang Nan,et al.Operation mode and benefits of nuclear power plant participating in peak load regulation of power system[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(12):250-255(in Chinese).
[9]孙闻,徐衍会,陈世和,等.考虑核电调峰的广东电网机组组合[J].南方电网技术,2012,6(3):53-56.Sun Wen,Xu Yanhui,Chen Shihe,et al.The unit commitment of Guangdong power grid in consideration of the nuclear power taking part in load regulation[J].Southern Power System Technology,2012,6(3):53-56(in Chinese).
[10]Zhang T,Ma X D,Zhu Y,et al.A research summary on combined peaking load strategies of nuclear power plant[J].Advanced Materials Research,2014,986-987:196-201.
[11]段翩,朱建全,刘明波.基于双层模糊机会约束规划的虚拟电厂优化调度[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(9):58-67.Duan Pian,Zhu Jianquan,Liu Mingbo.Optimal dispatch of virtual power plant based on bi-level fuzzy chance constrained programming[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(9):58-67(in Chinese).
[12]袁桂丽,陈少梁,刘颖,等.基于分时电价的虚拟电厂经济性优化调度[J].电网技术,2016,40(3):826-832.Yuan Guili,Chen Shaoliang,Liu Ying,et al.Economic optimal dispatch of virtual power plant based on time-of-use power price[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(3):826-832(in Chinese).
[13]徐辉,焦扬,蒲雷,等.计及不确定性和需求响应的风光燃储集成虚拟电厂随机调度优化模型[J].电网技术,2017,41(11):3590-3597.Xu Hui,Jiao Yang,Pu Lei,et al.Stochastic scheduling optimization model for virtual power plant of integrated wind-photovoltaic-energy storage system considering uncertainty and demand response[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(11):3590-3597(in Chinese).
[14]卫志农,余爽,孙国强,等.虚拟电厂的概念与发展[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(13):1-9.Wei Zhinong,Yu Shuang,Sun Guoqiang,et al.Concept and development of virtual power plant[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(13):1-9(in Chinese).
[15]娄素华,胡斌,吴耀武,等.碳交易环境下含大规模光伏电源的电力系统优化调度[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(17):91-97.Lou Suhua,Hu Bin,Wu Yaowu,et al.Optimal dispatch of power system integrated with large scale photovoltaic generation under carbon trading environment[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(17):91-97(in Chinese).
[16]狄开丽,李鹏,华浩瑞.计及碳排放成本的交直流混合微网优化运行[J].电力建设,2016,37(7):12-19.Di Kaili,Li Peng,Hua Haorui.Optimal operation of AC-DC hybrid microgrid considering carbon emission cost[J].Electric Power Construction,2016,37(7):12-19(in Chinese).
[17]李宇佳.考虑风电并网的短期负荷预测方法研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2011.
[18]马燕峰,范振亚,刘伟东,等.考虑碳权交易和风荷预测误差随机性的环境经济调度[J].电网技术,2016,40(2):412-418.Ma Yanfeng,Fan Zhenya,Liu Weidong,et al.Environmental and economic dispatch considering carbon trading credit and randomicity of wind power and load forecast error[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(2):412-418(in Chinese).
[19]国家发展和改革委员会应对气候变化司.2015年中国区域电网基准线排放因子[EB/OL].[2018-03-06].http://www.tanpaifang.com/download/China%20's%20regional%20power%20grid%20baseline%20emissions%20factor%202015.pdf.
[20]张晓辉,闫柯柯,卢志刚,等.基于碳交易的含风电系统低碳经济调度[J].电网技术,2013,37(10):2697-2704.Zhang Xiaohui,Yan Keke,Lu Zhigang,et al.Carbon trading based low-carbon economic dispatching for power grid integrated with wind power system[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(10):2697-2704(in Chinese).
[21]Wang J,Zhao J,Ye X L,et al.Safety constraints and optimal operation of large-scale nuclear power plant participating in peak load regulation of power system[J].IET Generation,Transmission&Distribution,2017,11(13):3332-3340.
[22]侯文庭,韦化.考虑核电可调度性的风-光-核-水-火多源协调短期优化调度[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(12):2873-2882.Hou Wenting,Wei Hua.A multi-source coordinated short-term dispatch model considering the dispatchability of nuclear power plants[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(12):2873-2882(in Chinese).
[23]艾欣,周树鹏,赵阅群.基于场景分析的含可中断负荷的优化调度模型研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(S1):25-31.Ai Xin,Zhou Shupeng,Zhao Yuequn.Research on optimal dispatch model considering interruptible loads based on scenario analysis[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(S1):25-31(in Chinese).
[24]Growe-Kuska N,Heitsch H,Romisch W.Scenario reduction and scenario tree construction for power management problems[C]//Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Power Technology.Bologna,Italy:IEEE,2003:3-7.
[25]罗运虎,薛禹胜,Ledwich G,等.低电价与高赔偿2种可中断负荷的协调[J].电力系统自动化,2007,31(11):17-21.Luo Yunhu,Xue Yusheng,Ledwich G,et al.Coordination of low price interruptible load and high compensation interruptible load[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2007,31(11):17-21(in Chinese).
[2]叶奇蓁.后福岛时期我国核电的发展[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(11):1-8.Ye Qizhen.China’s nuclear power development after Fukushima nuclear power plant accident[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(11):1-8(in Chinese).
[3]马习朋.探讨大型压水堆核电机组参与电网中间负荷调峰[J].现代电力,2007,24(4):28-33.Ma Xipeng.Large-scale PWR power plants participating in peak-load regulation of grid middle load[J].Modern Electric Power,2007,24(4):28-33(in Chinese).
[4]常烨骙,刘娆,王冲,等.核电参与三次调频控制策略研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(8):71-76.Chang Yekui,Liu Rao,Wang Chong.et al.Study on the control strategy of the third frequency adjustment with the participation of the nuclear power[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(8):71-76(in Chinese).
[5]Dong Z,Feng J T,Huang X J.Nonlinear observer-based feedback dissspation load-following control for nuclear reactors[J].IEEETransactions on Nuclear Science,2009,56(1):272-285.
[6]赵洁,刘涤尘,雷庆生,等.核电机组参与电网调峰及与抽水蓄能电站联合运行研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(7):1-6.Zhao Jie,Liu Dichen,Lei Qingsheng,et al.Analysis of nuclear power plant participating in peak load regulation of power grid and combined operation with pumped storage power plant[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(7):1-6(in Chinese).
[7]王骏,赵洁,刘涤尘,等.考虑核电参与的调峰优化运行模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(6):1665-1674,1903.Wang Jun,Zhao Jie,Liu Dichen,et al.Optimal scheduling model of peak load regulation considering participation of nuclear power plant[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(6):1665-1674,1903(in Chinese).
[8]赵洁,刘涤尘,杨楠,等.核电机组参与电网调峰的运行方式及效益分析[J].电网技术,2012,36(12):250-255.Zhao Jie,Liu Dichen,Yang Nan,et al.Operation mode and benefits of nuclear power plant participating in peak load regulation of power system[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(12):250-255(in Chinese).
[9]孙闻,徐衍会,陈世和,等.考虑核电调峰的广东电网机组组合[J].南方电网技术,2012,6(3):53-56.Sun Wen,Xu Yanhui,Chen Shihe,et al.The unit commitment of Guangdong power grid in consideration of the nuclear power taking part in load regulation[J].Southern Power System Technology,2012,6(3):53-56(in Chinese).
[10]Zhang T,Ma X D,Zhu Y,et al.A research summary on combined peaking load strategies of nuclear power plant[J].Advanced Materials Research,2014,986-987:196-201.
[11]段翩,朱建全,刘明波.基于双层模糊机会约束规划的虚拟电厂优化调度[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(9):58-67.Duan Pian,Zhu Jianquan,Liu Mingbo.Optimal dispatch of virtual power plant based on bi-level fuzzy chance constrained programming[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(9):58-67(in Chinese).
[12]袁桂丽,陈少梁,刘颖,等.基于分时电价的虚拟电厂经济性优化调度[J].电网技术,2016,40(3):826-832.Yuan Guili,Chen Shaoliang,Liu Ying,et al.Economic optimal dispatch of virtual power plant based on time-of-use power price[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(3):826-832(in Chinese).
[13]徐辉,焦扬,蒲雷,等.计及不确定性和需求响应的风光燃储集成虚拟电厂随机调度优化模型[J].电网技术,2017,41(11):3590-3597.Xu Hui,Jiao Yang,Pu Lei,et al.Stochastic scheduling optimization model for virtual power plant of integrated wind-photovoltaic-energy storage system considering uncertainty and demand response[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(11):3590-3597(in Chinese).
[14]卫志农,余爽,孙国强,等.虚拟电厂的概念与发展[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(13):1-9.Wei Zhinong,Yu Shuang,Sun Guoqiang,et al.Concept and development of virtual power plant[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(13):1-9(in Chinese).
[15]娄素华,胡斌,吴耀武,等.碳交易环境下含大规模光伏电源的电力系统优化调度[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(17):91-97.Lou Suhua,Hu Bin,Wu Yaowu,et al.Optimal dispatch of power system integrated with large scale photovoltaic generation under carbon trading environment[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(17):91-97(in Chinese).
[16]狄开丽,李鹏,华浩瑞.计及碳排放成本的交直流混合微网优化运行[J].电力建设,2016,37(7):12-19.Di Kaili,Li Peng,Hua Haorui.Optimal operation of AC-DC hybrid microgrid considering carbon emission cost[J].Electric Power Construction,2016,37(7):12-19(in Chinese).
[17]李宇佳.考虑风电并网的短期负荷预测方法研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2011.
[18]马燕峰,范振亚,刘伟东,等.考虑碳权交易和风荷预测误差随机性的环境经济调度[J].电网技术,2016,40(2):412-418.Ma Yanfeng,Fan Zhenya,Liu Weidong,et al.Environmental and economic dispatch considering carbon trading credit and randomicity of wind power and load forecast error[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(2):412-418(in Chinese).
[19]国家发展和改革委员会应对气候变化司.2015年中国区域电网基准线排放因子[EB/OL].[2018-03-06].http://www.tanpaifang.com/download/China%20's%20regional%20power%20grid%20baseline%20emissions%20factor%202015.pdf.
[20]张晓辉,闫柯柯,卢志刚,等.基于碳交易的含风电系统低碳经济调度[J].电网技术,2013,37(10):2697-2704.Zhang Xiaohui,Yan Keke,Lu Zhigang,et al.Carbon trading based low-carbon economic dispatching for power grid integrated with wind power system[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(10):2697-2704(in Chinese).
[21]Wang J,Zhao J,Ye X L,et al.Safety constraints and optimal operation of large-scale nuclear power plant participating in peak load regulation of power system[J].IET Generation,Transmission&Distribution,2017,11(13):3332-3340.
[22]侯文庭,韦化.考虑核电可调度性的风-光-核-水-火多源协调短期优化调度[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(12):2873-2882.Hou Wenting,Wei Hua.A multi-source coordinated short-term dispatch model considering the dispatchability of nuclear power plants[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(12):2873-2882(in Chinese).
[23]艾欣,周树鹏,赵阅群.基于场景分析的含可中断负荷的优化调度模型研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(S1):25-31.Ai Xin,Zhou Shupeng,Zhao Yuequn.Research on optimal dispatch model considering interruptible loads based on scenario analysis[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(S1):25-31(in Chinese).
[24]Growe-Kuska N,Heitsch H,Romisch W.Scenario reduction and scenario tree construction for power management problems[C]//Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Power Technology.Bologna,Italy:IEEE,2003:3-7.
[25]罗运虎,薛禹胜,Ledwich G,等.低电价与高赔偿2种可中断负荷的协调[J].电力系统自动化,2007,31(11):17-21.Luo Yunhu,Xue Yusheng,Ledwich G,et al.Coordination of low price interruptible load and high compensation interruptible load[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2007,31(11):17-21(in Chinese).