枝蔓喷施抗蒸腾剂对免埋土酿酒葡萄越冬性的影响
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摘要
为了提高免埋土酿酒葡萄的越冬性,以冬季不埋土的北红、北玫葡萄为试验材料,研究枝蔓喷施不同浓度抗蒸腾剂对葡萄越冬性的影响.结果表明:埋土处理、喷施新高脂膜和石蜡乳液处理均提高了枝条中可溶性总糖、脯氨酸和含水量,降低了相对电导率,提高了春季枝条萌芽率并降低了枝条抽条率.其中w(石蜡乳液)=20%和w(新高脂膜)=0.6%处理显著降低了抽条率、显著提高了萌芽率.对不同处理的越冬性进行主成分分析,除埋土处理外,以w(石蜡乳液)=20%处理的综合得分最高,其次为w(新高脂膜)=0.6%处理,这与实际试验结果相符.因此,在冬季葡萄休眠期,喷施适量浓度的新高脂膜和石蜡乳液可提高葡萄枝蔓中的含水量,从而提高免埋土葡萄的越冬性能.
In order to improve the grapevine overwintering unburied soil, "Beihong" and "Beimei" unburied soil as experimental materials, the effects of branch sprayed different concentration of antitranspirants on overwintering were studied. The results showed that the unburied soil, high lipid membrane and paraffin wax emulsion increased the content of total soluble sugar, proline and water content and decreased relative electric conductivity and the rate of shoot shriveling, and increased the rate of budding in spring. Rate of sprout in 20% paraffin wax emulsion and 0.6% high lipid membrane treatments were significantly decreased and budding rate were significantly increased. Overwintering of different treatment were determined by using principal component analysis, unburied soil treatment, the overwintering comprehensive score of 20% paraffin wax emulsion treatment was highest, the second highest score of treatment was 0.6% high lipid membrane treatment, and the results was coincident with the fact. So, during grapevine unburied soil dormancy period, branches sprayed the appropriate concentration of high lipid membrane and paraffin wax emulsion can increase the water content to increase the grapevine overwintering.
In order to improve the grapevine overwintering unburied soil, "Beihong" and "Beimei" unburied soil as experimental materials, the effects of branch sprayed different concentration of antitranspirants on overwintering were studied. The results showed that the unburied soil, high lipid membrane and paraffin wax emulsion increased the content of total soluble sugar, proline and water content and decreased relative electric conductivity and the rate of shoot shriveling, and increased the rate of budding in spring. Rate of sprout in 20% paraffin wax emulsion and 0.6% high lipid membrane treatments were significantly decreased and budding rate were significantly increased. Overwintering of different treatment were determined by using principal component analysis, unburied soil treatment, the overwintering comprehensive score of 20% paraffin wax emulsion treatment was highest, the second highest score of treatment was 0.6% high lipid membrane treatment, and the results was coincident with the fact. So, during grapevine unburied soil dormancy period, branches sprayed the appropriate concentration of high lipid membrane and paraffin wax emulsion can increase the water content to increase the grapevine overwintering.
引文
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[19]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[20]BEIKIRCHER B,MAYR S.Winter peridermal conductance of apple trees:lammas shoots and spring shoots compared[J].Trees,2013,27:707-715.
[21]KOZLOWSKI T T,PALLARDY S G.Acclimation and adaptive responses of woody plants to environmental stresses[J].Bot Rev,2002,68:270-334.
[22]田治国,杨艳,王飞.九种园林乔木对自然失水胁迫的生理响应[J].北方园艺,2017(2):67-71.
[23]王多文,王鑫,张军,等.不同保护措施对河西走廊梨幼树抽条的影响[J].北方园艺,2014(18):44-46.
[2]刘淑玉.核桃冻害和抽干产生原因及防护措施[J].河北果树,2015(6):34-35.
[3]毕会涛,胡春瑞,黄付强,等.抗蒸腾剂对枣苗失水率与移栽成活率的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2007(2):154-156.
[5]黄鹏.无花果冻害抽条与抗寒保水乳液涂膜的应用[J].山西农业科学,2010,38(11):29-31.
[6]刘小勇,张坤,沈宝云,等.不同越冬处理对苹果幼树抽条和黄酮质量分数的影响[J].西北农业学报,2012,21(1):110-114.
[7]梁志,闫学超,谢发兵.不同防护剂对吐鲁番地区甜樱桃幼树越冬抽条的防护效果[J].新疆农业科学,2017,54(3):460-469.
[8]尹章文,宋建伟.葡萄“克伦生”品种抽条原因的主成分分析[J].河南科技学院学报(自然科学版),2008(2):37-38.
[9]张学文.果树越冬抽干成因及防止措施[J].内蒙古农业科技,2013(5):129.
[10]刘海蓉,张亚新,李新祥,等.果树抽条的气象成因分析及预防措施[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2013,7(3):67-69.
[11]张玉兰,徐奇元,武瑞霞,等.休眠期山楂枝条皮孔、组织解剖构造与抽条的关系[J].内蒙古农牧学院学报,1991(3):29-38.
[12]邓定辉.高脂膜在植物保护上的应用[J].农技服务,2001(10):20-21.
[13]周氏清.石蜡乳液处理南方松木材的水分吸着与干缩湿胀[D].北京:北京林业大学,2015.
[14]郭秉晨.宁夏贺兰山东麓葡萄长廊立体发展规划中国乡镇企业[J].2012,8:68-71.
[15]郭惠萍,高学花,何金柱,等.高抗逆酿酒葡萄北红、北玫在宁夏引种初报[J].中国园艺文摘,2013,12:26-28.
[16]SUN QUAN,ZHANG XUEYING,WANG Z,et al.Trace elements distribution in the soil profile of wine grape base at the eastern foot of Helan mountain of Ningxia[J].SinoOverseas Grapevine&Wine,2008(2):4-8.
[17]SHI TAOHONG.Cultivation Technique of Red Globe Grape in Sandy Soil at Eastern Foothills of Ningxia Helan Mountain[J].Ningxia Journal of Agriculture&Forestry Science&Technology,2012,53(7):31-32.
[18]ZHANG YAHONG,PING JICHENG,WANG WENJU,et al.Comparison of different soil-burry methods on the over-wintering of wine grape cultivars in Ningxia Autonomous Region[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2007(4):449-454.
[19]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[20]BEIKIRCHER B,MAYR S.Winter peridermal conductance of apple trees:lammas shoots and spring shoots compared[J].Trees,2013,27:707-715.
[21]KOZLOWSKI T T,PALLARDY S G.Acclimation and adaptive responses of woody plants to environmental stresses[J].Bot Rev,2002,68:270-334.
[22]田治国,杨艳,王飞.九种园林乔木对自然失水胁迫的生理响应[J].北方园艺,2017(2):67-71.
[23]王多文,王鑫,张军,等.不同保护措施对河西走廊梨幼树抽条的影响[J].北方园艺,2014(18):44-46.