饲料磷脂对已交配和未交配雌性三疣梭子蟹卵巢发育、组织学和卵黄蛋白原表达的影响
|
摘要
为探讨饲料磷脂对已交配和未交配雌性三疣梭子蟹卵巢发育、组织学结构和卵黄蛋白原基因表达的影响,本研究采用2×2双因子随机区组设计(日粮类型:0%和4%大豆卵磷脂;三疣梭子蟹交配处理:已交配和未交配),共4个处理组,以大豆卵磷脂0%和4%两种人工配合饲料分别投喂交配和未交配两组三疣梭子蟹雌蟹,进行了为期12周的饲养实验。结果显示,无论三疣梭子蟹是否交配,饲料中添加4%大豆卵磷脂可显著增加三疣梭子蟹的卵巢指数,提高血清中卵黄蛋白原、孕酮和雌二醇的浓度,增大卵母细胞直径;同时上调肝胰腺卵黄蛋白原m RNA相对表达量,但无显著性差异,肝胰腺指数呈现出和卵巢指数相反的趋势;交配后的三疣梭子蟹卵巢指数、肝胰腺卵黄蛋白原m RNA表达量显著高于未交配组。组织学观察显示,交配使得三疣梭子蟹卵母细胞沉积更丰富的卵黄颗粒,促进卵母细胞成熟,交配处理对肝胰腺指数和血清中卵黄蛋白原及孕酮的水平无显著性影响。此外,饲料磷脂水平和交配处理的交互作用显著影响了三疣梭子蟹血清中类固醇激素孕酮和雌二醇的浓度。本实验结果显示,饲料中大豆磷脂和交配处理均能促进雌性三疣梭子蟹的卵巢发育,交配处理对卵母细胞成熟的促进作用更为明显。
A 12-week experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary soy lecithin on ovary development, gonadal histology and vitellogenin m RNA expression of swimming crab. 2×2 double-factor random block design was used to arrange 0% or 4% soy lecithin for mated or unmated female swimming crab, respectively. The results indicated that crabs fed the diets containing 4% soy lecithin had significantly higher gonadosomatic index(GSI), oocyte diameter, the levels of serum vitellogenin and sex steroids than those fed the unsupplemented with soy lecithin diets. Hepatopancreatic vitellogenin m RNA expression increasesed with dietary soy lecithin increasing from 0% to 4%. The results of hepatosomatic index(HSI) showed a reverse trend with GSI. Mated female crabs exhibited higher hepatopancreatic vitellogenin m RNA expression than unmated female crabs. Furthermore,the mated female crabs had higher ovarian yolk granules in number and size than those unmated female crabs.Mating treatment did not affect HSI, serum vitellogenin(VG) and progesterone(PG) contents. The interaction of dietary soy lecithin and mating on serum progesterone(PG) and estradiol(E2) contents was identified. In conclusion, the dietary soy lecithin and mating stimulated had a positive effect on ovarian development in swimming crab broodstock, and mating stimulated had a more beneficial effect on promoting oocyte maturation.
A 12-week experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary soy lecithin on ovary development, gonadal histology and vitellogenin m RNA expression of swimming crab. 2×2 double-factor random block design was used to arrange 0% or 4% soy lecithin for mated or unmated female swimming crab, respectively. The results indicated that crabs fed the diets containing 4% soy lecithin had significantly higher gonadosomatic index(GSI), oocyte diameter, the levels of serum vitellogenin and sex steroids than those fed the unsupplemented with soy lecithin diets. Hepatopancreatic vitellogenin m RNA expression increasesed with dietary soy lecithin increasing from 0% to 4%. The results of hepatosomatic index(HSI) showed a reverse trend with GSI. Mated female crabs exhibited higher hepatopancreatic vitellogenin m RNA expression than unmated female crabs. Furthermore,the mated female crabs had higher ovarian yolk granules in number and size than those unmated female crabs.Mating treatment did not affect HSI, serum vitellogenin(VG) and progesterone(PG) contents. The interaction of dietary soy lecithin and mating on serum progesterone(PG) and estradiol(E2) contents was identified. In conclusion, the dietary soy lecithin and mating stimulated had a positive effect on ovarian development in swimming crab broodstock, and mating stimulated had a more beneficial effect on promoting oocyte maturation.
引文
[1]Kanazawa A,Teshima S,Sakamoto,M.Effects of dietary lipids,fatty acids,and phospholipids on the growth and survival of prawn(Penaeus japonicus)larvae[J].Aquaculture,1985,50(1-2):39-49.
[2]National Research Council(NRC).Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp[M].Washington,DC:National Academies Press,2011.
[3]Lee R F,Walker A.Lipovitellin and lipid droplet accumulation in oocytes during ovarian maturation in the blue crab,Callinectes sapidus[J].Journal of Experimental Zoology,1995,271(5):401-412.
[4]吴旭干,于智勇,成永旭,等.4组生物饵料对中华绒螯蟹Z4到大眼幼体生长发育和脂肪酸组成的影响[J].中国水产科学,2007,14(6):911-918.Wu X G,Yu Z Y,Cheng Y X,et al.Effect of four groups of live feeds on larval development,growth(from Z4 to Megalopa)and fatty acid composition of Eriocheir sinensis[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2007,14(6):911-918(in Chinese).
[5]Wu X G,Cheng Y X,Sui L Y,et al.Effect of dietary supplementation of phospholipids and highly unsaturated fatty acids on reproductive performance and offspring quality of Chinese mitten crab,Eriocheir sinensis(H.Milne-Edwards),female broodstock[J].Aquaculture,2007,273(4):602-613.
[6]Sui L Y,Wu X G,Wille M,et al.Effect of dietary soybean lecithin on reproductive performance of Chinesemitten crab Eriocheir sinensis(H.Milne-Edwards)broodstock[J].Aquaculture International,2009,17(1):45-56.
[7]Wang L M,Zuo D,Lv W W,et al.Effects of dietary soybean lecithin on gonadal development and vitellogenin m RNA expression in the female redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus(von Martens)at first maturation[J].Aquaculture Research,2013,44(8):1167-1176.
[8]Cahu C,Guillaume J C,Stéphan G,et al.Influence of phospholipid and highly unsaturated fatty acids on spawning rate and egg and tissue composition in Penaeus vannamei fed semi-purified diets[J].Aquaculture,1994,126(1-2):159-170.
[9]贾磊.三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)卵巢发育的初步研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2008.Jia L.Preliminary Study on the ovary development of the crab Portunus trituberculatus[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2008(in Chinese).
[10]Dan S,Oshiro M,Ashidate M,et al.Starvation of Artemia in larval rearing water affects post-larval survival and morphology of the swimming crab,Portunus trituberculatus(Brachyura,Portunidae)[J].Aquaculture,2016,452:407-415.
[11]Pan L Q,Hu D X,Liu M Q,et al.Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of two carbonic anhydrase in the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus and its expression in response to salinity and p H stress[J].Gene,2016,576(1):347-357.
[12]Jin M,Zhou Q C,Zhang W,et al.Dietary protein requirements of the juvenile swimming crab,Portunus trituberculatus[J].Aquaculture,2013,414-415:303-308.
[13]Huo Y W,Jin M,Zhou P P,et al.Effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth,feed utilization and body composition of juvenile swimming crab,Portunus trituberculatus[J].Aquaculture,2014,434:151-158.
[14]韩涛,王骥腾,胡水鑫,等.饲料脂肪水平对三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)幼蟹生长及体组成的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,2013,44(5):1276-1281.Han T,Wang J T,Hu S X,et al.Effect of dietary lipid level on growth and body composition of juvenile swimming crab Portunnus trituberculatus[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2013,44(5):1276-1281(in Chinese).
[15]Jin M,Wang M Q,Huo Y W,et al.Dietary lysine requirement of juvenile swimming crab,Portunus trituber-culatus[J].Aquaculture,2015,448:1-7.
[16]张稳,谢奉军,金敏,等.饲料中n-3高不饱和脂肪酸含量对三疣梭子蟹幼蟹生长性能及脂肪酸组成的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(5):1254-1264.Zhang W,Xie F J,Jin M,et al.Effects of dietary n-3highly unsaturated fatty acid content on growth performance and fatty acid composition of juvenile swimming crab(Portunus trituberculatus)[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2014,26(5):1254-1264(in Chinese).
[17]丰浪.高不饱和脂肪酸(HUFA)对三疣梭子蟹卵巢发育、内分泌激素以及组织生化组成的影响[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2011.Feng L.The effect of dietary HUFA on the ovary development,endocrine hormones and tissue biochemical composition of the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University,2011(in Chinese).
[18]杨印蹼.饲料中添加花生四烯酸对三疣梭子蟹卵巢发育及成蟹品质的影响[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2013.Yang Y P.The effects of dietary supplement of Arachidonic acid on ovary development and nutritional quality of swimming crab,Portunus trituberculatus[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University,2013(in Chinese).
[19]Lavens P,Sorgeloos P.Experiences on importance of diet for shrimp postlarval quality[J].Aquaculture,2000,191(1-3):169-176.
[20]Wu X G,Cheng Y X,Zeng C S,et al.Reproductive performance and offspring quality of wild-caught and pondreared swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus broodstock[J].Aquaculture,2010,301(1-4):78-84.
[21]卢少坤,李荣华,母昌考,等.三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)低盐耐受性和体重的遗传参数估计及其相关分析[J].海洋与湖沼,2015,46(5):1040-1045.Lu S K,Li R H,Mu C K,et al.Estimation on genetic parameters for low salinity tolerance and body weight of Portunnus trituberculatus[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2015,46(5):1040-1045(in Chinese).
[22]侯迎梅,袁野,陆游,等.三疣梭子蟹幼蟹对大豆卵磷脂的需要量[J].水产学报,2016,40(11):1735-1764.Hou Y M,Yuan Y,Lu Y,et al.Dietary soy lecithin requirement of the juvenile swimming crab(Portunus trituberculatus)[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2016,40(11):1735-1764(in Chinese).
[23]Alava V R,Kanazawa A,Teshima S I,et al.Effect of dietary phospholipids and n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids on ovarian development of kuruma prawn[J].Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,1993,59(2):345-351.
[24]董吉卫,陆宴辉,杨益众.绿盲蝽成虫的产卵行为与习性[J].应用昆虫学报,2012,49(3):591-595.Dong J W,Lu Y H,Yang Y Z.Oviposition behavior of adult female Apolygus lucorum[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,2012,49(3):591-595(in Chinese).
[25]苑伟.食物和交配对绿盲蝽卵巢发育影响的研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2013.Yuan W.Effect of diet and mating status on ovarian development in an omnivorous bug Apolygus lucorum(Hemiptera:Miridae)[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2013(in Chinese).
[26]宣富君,管卫兵,戴小杰,等.东海三疣梭子蟹纳精囊形态结构与内含物的变化[J].动物学杂志,2009,44(2):1-11.Xuan F J,Guan W B,Dai X J,et al.Structure and content of spermathecae of Portunus trituberculatus from East China sea[J].Chinese Journal of Zoology,2009,44(2):1-11(in Chinese).
[27]王兰,李春源.长江华溪蟹纳精囊与卵巢发育周期的关系[J].动物学研究,1999,20(1):36-40.Wang L,Li C Y.Study on spermatheca of the freshwater crab,Sinopotamon yangtsekiense(Butt)[J].Zoological Research,1999,20(1):36-40(in Chinese).
[28]Hines A H,Jivoff P R,Bushmann P J,et al.Evidence for sperm limitation in the blue crab,Callinectes sapidus[J].Bulletin of Marine Science,2003,72(2):287-310.
[29]Wolcott D L,Hopkins C W B,Wolcott T G.Early events in seminal fluid and sperm storage in the female blue crab Callinectes sapidus Rathbun:effects of male mating history,male size,and season[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2005,319(1-2):43-55.
[30]王兰梅,李嘉尧,王丹丽,等.饲料中大豆磷脂对红螯光壳螯虾性腺发育期营养物质积累的影响[J].中国水产科学,2013,20(2):381-391.Wang L M,Li J Y,Wang D L,et al.Effects of dietary soybean lecithin on nutrient accumulation during gona d a l d e v e l o p m e n t i n t h e f e m a l e C h e r a x quadricarinatus[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2013,20(2):381-391(in Chinese).
[31]Palacios E,Ibarra A M,Racotta I S.Tissue biochemical composition in relation to multiple spawning in wild and pond-reared Penaeus vannamei broodstock[J].Aquaculture,2000,185(3-4):353-371.
[32]García C F,Heras H.Vitellogenin and Lipovitellin from the prawn Macrobrachium borellii as hydrocarbon pollution biomarker[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2012,64(8):1631-1636.
[33]Babin P J,Bogerd J,Kooiman F P,et al.ApolipophorinⅡ/Ⅰ,apolipoprotein B,vitellogenin,and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein genes are derived from a common ancestor[J].Journal of Molecular Evolution,1999,49(1):150-160.
[34]Avarre J C,Lubzens E,Babin P J.Apolipocrustacein,formerly vitellogenin,is the major egg yolk precursor protein in decapod crustaceans and is homologous to insect apolipophorinⅡ/Ⅰand vertebrate apolipoprotein B[J].BMC Evolutionary Biology,2007,7:3.
[35]Copeland P A,Sumpter J P,Walker T K,et al.Vitellogenin levels in male and female rainbow trout(Salmo gairdneri Richardson)at various stages of the reproductive cycle[J].Comparative Biochemistry and PhysiologyPart B:Comparative Biochemistry,1986,83(2):487-493.
[36]Babin P J.Binding of thyroxine and 3,5,3’-triiodothyronine to trout plasma lipoproteins[J].American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism,1992,262(5):712-720.
[37]Marina P,Salvatore V,Maria M D F,et al.Effect of17β-estradiol and progesterone on vitellogenesis in the spotted ray Torpedo marmorata Risso 1810(Elasmobranchii:Tor Pediniformes):Studies on females and on estrogen-treated males[J].General and Comparative Endocrinology,2008,157(2):125-132.
[38]张颖,孙慧武,徐伟,等.饲料卵磷脂对施氏鲟血清卵黄蛋白原、卵径及性类固醇激素水平的影响[J].中国水产科学,2010,17(4):783-790.Zhang Y,Sun H W,Xu W,et al.Effects of phospholipids content in reserved brood diets on egg diameter performance,plasma sex steroids and vitellogenin levels in Amur sturgeon Acipenser schrenckii[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2010,17(4):783-790(in Chinese).
[39]廖家遗,张艳,孙继贤,等.罗氏沼虾脑促性腺激素的初步分离及活性检测[J].水产学报,2001,25(1):5-10.Liao J Y,Zhang Y,Sun J X,et al.Partial isolation and bioassay of gonad-stimulating hormone from the brain of Macrobrachium rosenbergii[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2001,25(1):5-10(in Chinese).
[40]Warrier S R,Tirumalai R,Subramoniam T.Occurrence of vertebrate steroids,estradiol 17βand progesterone in the reproducing females of the mud crab Scylla serrata[J].Comparative Biochemistry and PhysiologyPart A:Molecular&Integrative Physiology,2001,130(2):283-294.
[41]Cai S L,Zhao W X,Li D S,et al.Profile of progesterone and estradiol in hepatopancreas,ovary,and hemolymph of shrimp Penaeus chinensis during reproduction cycle[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2001,25(4):304-310.
[42]Castellano C A,Audet I,Laforest J P,et al.Fish oil diets alter the phospholipid balance,fatty acid composition,and steroid hormone concentrations in testes of adult pigs[J].Theriogenology,2011,76(6):1134-1145.
[43]Tocher D R,Bendiksen E?,Campbell P J,et al.The role of phospholipids in nutrition and metabolism of teleost fish[J].Aquaculture,2008,280(1-4):21-34.
[44]Yang F,Xu H T,Dai Z M,et al.Molecular characterization and expression analysis of vitellogenin in the marine crab Portunus trituberculatus[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology-Part B:Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,2005,142(4):456-464.
[45]华荣胜,戚志良,时连根.昆虫交配因子的研究进展[J].科技通报,2010,26(4):556-559.Hua R S,Qi Z L,Shi L G.Advance of insect mating factor[J].Bulletin of Science and Technology,2010,26(4):556-559(in Chinese).
[46]Thongda W,Chung J S,Tsutsui N,et al.Seasonal variations in reproductive activity of the blue crab,Callinectes sapidus:vitellogenin expression and levels of vitellogenin in the hemolymph during ovarian development[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology-Part A:Molecular&Integrative Physiology,2015,179:35-43.
[47]龙娟,杨晓红,于桂宝.微生物蛋白组学的发展及前景[J].生物技术通报,2006(增):91-94,99.Long J,Yang X H,Yu G B.Development and prospect of microbial proteomics[J].Biotechnology Bulletin,2006(suppl):91-94,99(in Chinese).
[48]龚群,张蕴琨.力竭运动后大鼠海马脑区谷氨酸受体NR2A蛋白含量和基因表达的变化[J].中国运动医学杂志,2006,25(4):420-423.Gong Q,Zhang Y K.Changes in protein content and gene expression of NMDA receptor 2A in rats’hippocampus after exhaustive exercise[J].Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine,2006,25(4):420-423(in Chinese).
[49]张艳.三疣梭子蟹卵巢发育期间卵黄蛋白原(Vg)、卵黄磷蛋白(Vn)及Vg-m RNA表达的变化研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2011.Zhang Y.Developmental changes in concentrations of vitellin,vitellogenin and vitellogenin gene expression during the ovarian development of swimming crab,Portunus trituberculatus[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University,2011(in Chinese).
[2]National Research Council(NRC).Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp[M].Washington,DC:National Academies Press,2011.
[3]Lee R F,Walker A.Lipovitellin and lipid droplet accumulation in oocytes during ovarian maturation in the blue crab,Callinectes sapidus[J].Journal of Experimental Zoology,1995,271(5):401-412.
[4]吴旭干,于智勇,成永旭,等.4组生物饵料对中华绒螯蟹Z4到大眼幼体生长发育和脂肪酸组成的影响[J].中国水产科学,2007,14(6):911-918.Wu X G,Yu Z Y,Cheng Y X,et al.Effect of four groups of live feeds on larval development,growth(from Z4 to Megalopa)and fatty acid composition of Eriocheir sinensis[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2007,14(6):911-918(in Chinese).
[5]Wu X G,Cheng Y X,Sui L Y,et al.Effect of dietary supplementation of phospholipids and highly unsaturated fatty acids on reproductive performance and offspring quality of Chinese mitten crab,Eriocheir sinensis(H.Milne-Edwards),female broodstock[J].Aquaculture,2007,273(4):602-613.
[6]Sui L Y,Wu X G,Wille M,et al.Effect of dietary soybean lecithin on reproductive performance of Chinesemitten crab Eriocheir sinensis(H.Milne-Edwards)broodstock[J].Aquaculture International,2009,17(1):45-56.
[7]Wang L M,Zuo D,Lv W W,et al.Effects of dietary soybean lecithin on gonadal development and vitellogenin m RNA expression in the female redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus(von Martens)at first maturation[J].Aquaculture Research,2013,44(8):1167-1176.
[8]Cahu C,Guillaume J C,Stéphan G,et al.Influence of phospholipid and highly unsaturated fatty acids on spawning rate and egg and tissue composition in Penaeus vannamei fed semi-purified diets[J].Aquaculture,1994,126(1-2):159-170.
[9]贾磊.三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)卵巢发育的初步研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2008.Jia L.Preliminary Study on the ovary development of the crab Portunus trituberculatus[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2008(in Chinese).
[10]Dan S,Oshiro M,Ashidate M,et al.Starvation of Artemia in larval rearing water affects post-larval survival and morphology of the swimming crab,Portunus trituberculatus(Brachyura,Portunidae)[J].Aquaculture,2016,452:407-415.
[11]Pan L Q,Hu D X,Liu M Q,et al.Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of two carbonic anhydrase in the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus and its expression in response to salinity and p H stress[J].Gene,2016,576(1):347-357.
[12]Jin M,Zhou Q C,Zhang W,et al.Dietary protein requirements of the juvenile swimming crab,Portunus trituberculatus[J].Aquaculture,2013,414-415:303-308.
[13]Huo Y W,Jin M,Zhou P P,et al.Effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth,feed utilization and body composition of juvenile swimming crab,Portunus trituberculatus[J].Aquaculture,2014,434:151-158.
[14]韩涛,王骥腾,胡水鑫,等.饲料脂肪水平对三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)幼蟹生长及体组成的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,2013,44(5):1276-1281.Han T,Wang J T,Hu S X,et al.Effect of dietary lipid level on growth and body composition of juvenile swimming crab Portunnus trituberculatus[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2013,44(5):1276-1281(in Chinese).
[15]Jin M,Wang M Q,Huo Y W,et al.Dietary lysine requirement of juvenile swimming crab,Portunus trituber-culatus[J].Aquaculture,2015,448:1-7.
[16]张稳,谢奉军,金敏,等.饲料中n-3高不饱和脂肪酸含量对三疣梭子蟹幼蟹生长性能及脂肪酸组成的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(5):1254-1264.Zhang W,Xie F J,Jin M,et al.Effects of dietary n-3highly unsaturated fatty acid content on growth performance and fatty acid composition of juvenile swimming crab(Portunus trituberculatus)[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2014,26(5):1254-1264(in Chinese).
[17]丰浪.高不饱和脂肪酸(HUFA)对三疣梭子蟹卵巢发育、内分泌激素以及组织生化组成的影响[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2011.Feng L.The effect of dietary HUFA on the ovary development,endocrine hormones and tissue biochemical composition of the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University,2011(in Chinese).
[18]杨印蹼.饲料中添加花生四烯酸对三疣梭子蟹卵巢发育及成蟹品质的影响[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2013.Yang Y P.The effects of dietary supplement of Arachidonic acid on ovary development and nutritional quality of swimming crab,Portunus trituberculatus[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University,2013(in Chinese).
[19]Lavens P,Sorgeloos P.Experiences on importance of diet for shrimp postlarval quality[J].Aquaculture,2000,191(1-3):169-176.
[20]Wu X G,Cheng Y X,Zeng C S,et al.Reproductive performance and offspring quality of wild-caught and pondreared swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus broodstock[J].Aquaculture,2010,301(1-4):78-84.
[21]卢少坤,李荣华,母昌考,等.三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)低盐耐受性和体重的遗传参数估计及其相关分析[J].海洋与湖沼,2015,46(5):1040-1045.Lu S K,Li R H,Mu C K,et al.Estimation on genetic parameters for low salinity tolerance and body weight of Portunnus trituberculatus[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2015,46(5):1040-1045(in Chinese).
[22]侯迎梅,袁野,陆游,等.三疣梭子蟹幼蟹对大豆卵磷脂的需要量[J].水产学报,2016,40(11):1735-1764.Hou Y M,Yuan Y,Lu Y,et al.Dietary soy lecithin requirement of the juvenile swimming crab(Portunus trituberculatus)[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2016,40(11):1735-1764(in Chinese).
[23]Alava V R,Kanazawa A,Teshima S I,et al.Effect of dietary phospholipids and n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids on ovarian development of kuruma prawn[J].Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,1993,59(2):345-351.
[24]董吉卫,陆宴辉,杨益众.绿盲蝽成虫的产卵行为与习性[J].应用昆虫学报,2012,49(3):591-595.Dong J W,Lu Y H,Yang Y Z.Oviposition behavior of adult female Apolygus lucorum[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,2012,49(3):591-595(in Chinese).
[25]苑伟.食物和交配对绿盲蝽卵巢发育影响的研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2013.Yuan W.Effect of diet and mating status on ovarian development in an omnivorous bug Apolygus lucorum(Hemiptera:Miridae)[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2013(in Chinese).
[26]宣富君,管卫兵,戴小杰,等.东海三疣梭子蟹纳精囊形态结构与内含物的变化[J].动物学杂志,2009,44(2):1-11.Xuan F J,Guan W B,Dai X J,et al.Structure and content of spermathecae of Portunus trituberculatus from East China sea[J].Chinese Journal of Zoology,2009,44(2):1-11(in Chinese).
[27]王兰,李春源.长江华溪蟹纳精囊与卵巢发育周期的关系[J].动物学研究,1999,20(1):36-40.Wang L,Li C Y.Study on spermatheca of the freshwater crab,Sinopotamon yangtsekiense(Butt)[J].Zoological Research,1999,20(1):36-40(in Chinese).
[28]Hines A H,Jivoff P R,Bushmann P J,et al.Evidence for sperm limitation in the blue crab,Callinectes sapidus[J].Bulletin of Marine Science,2003,72(2):287-310.
[29]Wolcott D L,Hopkins C W B,Wolcott T G.Early events in seminal fluid and sperm storage in the female blue crab Callinectes sapidus Rathbun:effects of male mating history,male size,and season[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2005,319(1-2):43-55.
[30]王兰梅,李嘉尧,王丹丽,等.饲料中大豆磷脂对红螯光壳螯虾性腺发育期营养物质积累的影响[J].中国水产科学,2013,20(2):381-391.Wang L M,Li J Y,Wang D L,et al.Effects of dietary soybean lecithin on nutrient accumulation during gona d a l d e v e l o p m e n t i n t h e f e m a l e C h e r a x quadricarinatus[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2013,20(2):381-391(in Chinese).
[31]Palacios E,Ibarra A M,Racotta I S.Tissue biochemical composition in relation to multiple spawning in wild and pond-reared Penaeus vannamei broodstock[J].Aquaculture,2000,185(3-4):353-371.
[32]García C F,Heras H.Vitellogenin and Lipovitellin from the prawn Macrobrachium borellii as hydrocarbon pollution biomarker[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2012,64(8):1631-1636.
[33]Babin P J,Bogerd J,Kooiman F P,et al.ApolipophorinⅡ/Ⅰ,apolipoprotein B,vitellogenin,and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein genes are derived from a common ancestor[J].Journal of Molecular Evolution,1999,49(1):150-160.
[34]Avarre J C,Lubzens E,Babin P J.Apolipocrustacein,formerly vitellogenin,is the major egg yolk precursor protein in decapod crustaceans and is homologous to insect apolipophorinⅡ/Ⅰand vertebrate apolipoprotein B[J].BMC Evolutionary Biology,2007,7:3.
[35]Copeland P A,Sumpter J P,Walker T K,et al.Vitellogenin levels in male and female rainbow trout(Salmo gairdneri Richardson)at various stages of the reproductive cycle[J].Comparative Biochemistry and PhysiologyPart B:Comparative Biochemistry,1986,83(2):487-493.
[36]Babin P J.Binding of thyroxine and 3,5,3’-triiodothyronine to trout plasma lipoproteins[J].American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism,1992,262(5):712-720.
[37]Marina P,Salvatore V,Maria M D F,et al.Effect of17β-estradiol and progesterone on vitellogenesis in the spotted ray Torpedo marmorata Risso 1810(Elasmobranchii:Tor Pediniformes):Studies on females and on estrogen-treated males[J].General and Comparative Endocrinology,2008,157(2):125-132.
[38]张颖,孙慧武,徐伟,等.饲料卵磷脂对施氏鲟血清卵黄蛋白原、卵径及性类固醇激素水平的影响[J].中国水产科学,2010,17(4):783-790.Zhang Y,Sun H W,Xu W,et al.Effects of phospholipids content in reserved brood diets on egg diameter performance,plasma sex steroids and vitellogenin levels in Amur sturgeon Acipenser schrenckii[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2010,17(4):783-790(in Chinese).
[39]廖家遗,张艳,孙继贤,等.罗氏沼虾脑促性腺激素的初步分离及活性检测[J].水产学报,2001,25(1):5-10.Liao J Y,Zhang Y,Sun J X,et al.Partial isolation and bioassay of gonad-stimulating hormone from the brain of Macrobrachium rosenbergii[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2001,25(1):5-10(in Chinese).
[40]Warrier S R,Tirumalai R,Subramoniam T.Occurrence of vertebrate steroids,estradiol 17βand progesterone in the reproducing females of the mud crab Scylla serrata[J].Comparative Biochemistry and PhysiologyPart A:Molecular&Integrative Physiology,2001,130(2):283-294.
[41]Cai S L,Zhao W X,Li D S,et al.Profile of progesterone and estradiol in hepatopancreas,ovary,and hemolymph of shrimp Penaeus chinensis during reproduction cycle[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2001,25(4):304-310.
[42]Castellano C A,Audet I,Laforest J P,et al.Fish oil diets alter the phospholipid balance,fatty acid composition,and steroid hormone concentrations in testes of adult pigs[J].Theriogenology,2011,76(6):1134-1145.
[43]Tocher D R,Bendiksen E?,Campbell P J,et al.The role of phospholipids in nutrition and metabolism of teleost fish[J].Aquaculture,2008,280(1-4):21-34.
[44]Yang F,Xu H T,Dai Z M,et al.Molecular characterization and expression analysis of vitellogenin in the marine crab Portunus trituberculatus[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology-Part B:Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,2005,142(4):456-464.
[45]华荣胜,戚志良,时连根.昆虫交配因子的研究进展[J].科技通报,2010,26(4):556-559.Hua R S,Qi Z L,Shi L G.Advance of insect mating factor[J].Bulletin of Science and Technology,2010,26(4):556-559(in Chinese).
[46]Thongda W,Chung J S,Tsutsui N,et al.Seasonal variations in reproductive activity of the blue crab,Callinectes sapidus:vitellogenin expression and levels of vitellogenin in the hemolymph during ovarian development[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology-Part A:Molecular&Integrative Physiology,2015,179:35-43.
[47]龙娟,杨晓红,于桂宝.微生物蛋白组学的发展及前景[J].生物技术通报,2006(增):91-94,99.Long J,Yang X H,Yu G B.Development and prospect of microbial proteomics[J].Biotechnology Bulletin,2006(suppl):91-94,99(in Chinese).
[48]龚群,张蕴琨.力竭运动后大鼠海马脑区谷氨酸受体NR2A蛋白含量和基因表达的变化[J].中国运动医学杂志,2006,25(4):420-423.Gong Q,Zhang Y K.Changes in protein content and gene expression of NMDA receptor 2A in rats’hippocampus after exhaustive exercise[J].Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine,2006,25(4):420-423(in Chinese).
[49]张艳.三疣梭子蟹卵巢发育期间卵黄蛋白原(Vg)、卵黄磷蛋白(Vn)及Vg-m RNA表达的变化研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2011.Zhang Y.Developmental changes in concentrations of vitellin,vitellogenin and vitellogenin gene expression during the ovarian development of swimming crab,Portunus trituberculatus[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University,2011(in Chinese).