不同林龄桉树林下植被多样性分析
|
摘要
以广东省信宜市中部山区不同林龄(3 a生和5 a生)桉树人工林为研究对象,通过样地调查,统计和分析了桉树林下植被结构特征(种类组成、结构与分布)和物种多样性(Margale丰富度指数、Simpson优势度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou均匀度指数)。结果表明:(1)3 a生桉树林下植被共记录维管束植物23科31属33种,5 a生桉树林林下植被共记录维管束植物24科32属35种,不同林龄桉树林下植被结构与分布特征差异较大,乔木幼苗、灌木层和草本层的优势种均明显不同;(2)林龄对桉树林下植被丰富度影响相对较小,但对优势度和均匀度影响较大;随着林龄的增加,桉树林下灌木层和草本层植被物种多样性均明显下降,其中灌木层下降幅度大于草本层。总体而言,林龄对林下植被的种类组成影响相对较小,但对林下植被的结构与分布以及物种多样性有显著影响。
Based on the field survey, the structure characteristics(species compositions, structure and distribution)and species diversity(Margale richness index, Simpson dominance index, Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou evenness index) of understory vegetation of 3-year-old and 5-year-old Eucalyptus plantation in central mountainous area of Xinyi city, Guangdong province was statistically analyzed. The result shows that:(1) There are 23 families 31 genus 33 species of vascular plants grown under 3-year-old Eucalyptus plantation, the dominant species are Sapium discolor, Evodia lepta, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Hedyotis hedyotidea, Urena lobata, Melastoma candidum, Praxelis clematidea, Dianella ensifolia, Oplismenus compositus; there are 24 families 32 genus 35 species of vascular plants grown under 5-year-old Eucalyptus plantation, the dominant species are Toona ciliata, Engelhardtia roxburghiana,Litsea glutinosa, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, Ficus hirta, Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum, Oplismenus compositus,Dicranopteris dichotoma, Blechnum orientale.(2) For understory vegetation of Eucalyptus plantation, stand age has a limited effect on its species richness, but obviously affected its species dominance and evenness; with the increase of stand age, species diversity of shrub layer and herb layer under Eucalyptus plantation both decease obviously, and shrub layer shows a greater decrease than herb layer. In general, stand age had limited effect on the species compositions of understory vegetation of Eucalyptus plantation, but obviously affected its structure and distribution and species diversity.
Based on the field survey, the structure characteristics(species compositions, structure and distribution)and species diversity(Margale richness index, Simpson dominance index, Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou evenness index) of understory vegetation of 3-year-old and 5-year-old Eucalyptus plantation in central mountainous area of Xinyi city, Guangdong province was statistically analyzed. The result shows that:(1) There are 23 families 31 genus 33 species of vascular plants grown under 3-year-old Eucalyptus plantation, the dominant species are Sapium discolor, Evodia lepta, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Hedyotis hedyotidea, Urena lobata, Melastoma candidum, Praxelis clematidea, Dianella ensifolia, Oplismenus compositus; there are 24 families 32 genus 35 species of vascular plants grown under 5-year-old Eucalyptus plantation, the dominant species are Toona ciliata, Engelhardtia roxburghiana,Litsea glutinosa, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, Ficus hirta, Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum, Oplismenus compositus,Dicranopteris dichotoma, Blechnum orientale.(2) For understory vegetation of Eucalyptus plantation, stand age has a limited effect on its species richness, but obviously affected its species dominance and evenness; with the increase of stand age, species diversity of shrub layer and herb layer under Eucalyptus plantation both decease obviously, and shrub layer shows a greater decrease than herb layer. In general, stand age had limited effect on the species compositions of understory vegetation of Eucalyptus plantation, but obviously affected its structure and distribution and species diversity.
引文
[1]黄国勤,赵其国.广西桉树种植的历史、现状、生态问题及应对策略[J].生态学报,2014,34(18):5142-5152.
[2]杨再鸿.海南岛桉树人工林林下植物多样性的比较研究[D].海口:海南大学,2001.
[3]朱喜,何志斌,杜军,等.林下植被组成和功能研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2014,27(5):24-30.
[4]叶绍明,温远光,杨梅,等.连栽桉树人工林生产力和植物多样性及其相关性分析[J].西北植物学报,2010,30(7):1458-1467.
[5]温远光,陈放,刘世荣,等.广西桉树人工林物种多样性与生物量关系[J].林业科学,2008,44(4):14-19.
[6]杨再鸿,杨小波,李跃烈,等.海南岛桉树林林下植被物种组成及生物量[J].东北林业大学学报,2008,36(5):25-27.
[7]樊星利.桉树工业原料林林下植物物种土壤种子库研究[D].昆明:西南林业大学,2009.
[8]马晓,杨宇明,赵一鹤.普洱地区桉树人工林下植物种类调查[J].热带农业科技,2012(3):42-46.
[9]邓荫伟,李凤,韦杰,等.桂林市桉树、马尾松、杉木林下植被与土壤因子调查[J].广西林业科学,2010,39(3):140-143.
[10]吕诗,卢成阳,赖家业,等.七坡林场桉树萌芽林林下植被多样性分析[J].南方农业学报,2012,43(10):1534-1538.
[11]李伟,魏润鹏,郑勇奇,等.广东高要南部低丘桉树人工林下植被物种多样性分析[J].广西林业科学,2013,42(3):222-225.
[12]赖树雄.德庆三叉顶桉树人工林林下植被的结构和多样性研究[D].广州:华南农业大学,2009.
[13]古丽红,周毅.不同林龄桉树林下植被结构与物种多样性[J].广东林业科技,2012,28(1):1-6.
[14]余雪标.桉树人工林林下植被结构的研究[J].热带作物学报,1999,2(1):66-72.
[15]MAGURRAN A E.Ecological diversity and its measurement[M].New Jersey:Princeton University Press,1988.
[16]SHANNON C E,WEAVER W.The mathematical theory of communication[M].Urbana:University of Illinois Press,1949.
[17]WHITTAKER R H.Evolution and measurement of species diversity[J].Taxon,1972,21(2/3):213-251.
[18]陈会智,黎艳明,周毅.粤西次生针阔混交群落的林下植被物种组成与多样性研究[J].广东林业科技,2010,26(4):35-40.
[19]薛建辉,任青山,阮宏华.森林生态学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2006.
[20]徐健,邱文武,韦持章,等.桃金娘丰产实用种植技术[J].中国热带农业,2014(1):60-62.
[21]钟军弟,徐意媚,曾富华,等.不同生境下假臭草生长特征分析[J].广西植物,2014(1):68-73.
[22]何春光,崔丽娟,盛连喜.生物多样性保育学:Science of biodiversity conservation[M].长春:东北师范大学出版社,2009.
[23]陈北光,张木明,苏志尧,等.广东大东山常绿阔叶林物种多样性分析[J].华南农业大学学报,1997,18(4):59-63.
[24]刘彤,胡丹,魏晓雪,等.红松人工林林下植物物种多样性分析[J].东北林业大学学报,2010,38(5):28-29.
[25]李清湖,庄雪影.广东山区3种不同人工林林下植物多样性初步研究[J].广东林业科技,2012,28(2):37-45.
[26]许佳波,王倜,陈学平,等.公路沿线植物多样性与表土特征[J].林业与环境科学,2018,34(3):28-35.
[27]叶永昌,张浩,陈葵仙,等.香港人工林改造对林下植物自然更新和物种多样性的早期影响[J].林业与环境科学,2016,32(6):1-9.
[28]张梦雅,王新杰,刘乐,等.迹地炼山对杉木林植物多样性与土壤特性的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2017,45(3):63-67.
[29]张卫强,张卫华,潘文,等.桉树林和针阔混交林对植物多样性的影响比较[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(6):122-128.
[2]杨再鸿.海南岛桉树人工林林下植物多样性的比较研究[D].海口:海南大学,2001.
[3]朱喜,何志斌,杜军,等.林下植被组成和功能研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2014,27(5):24-30.
[4]叶绍明,温远光,杨梅,等.连栽桉树人工林生产力和植物多样性及其相关性分析[J].西北植物学报,2010,30(7):1458-1467.
[5]温远光,陈放,刘世荣,等.广西桉树人工林物种多样性与生物量关系[J].林业科学,2008,44(4):14-19.
[6]杨再鸿,杨小波,李跃烈,等.海南岛桉树林林下植被物种组成及生物量[J].东北林业大学学报,2008,36(5):25-27.
[7]樊星利.桉树工业原料林林下植物物种土壤种子库研究[D].昆明:西南林业大学,2009.
[8]马晓,杨宇明,赵一鹤.普洱地区桉树人工林下植物种类调查[J].热带农业科技,2012(3):42-46.
[9]邓荫伟,李凤,韦杰,等.桂林市桉树、马尾松、杉木林下植被与土壤因子调查[J].广西林业科学,2010,39(3):140-143.
[10]吕诗,卢成阳,赖家业,等.七坡林场桉树萌芽林林下植被多样性分析[J].南方农业学报,2012,43(10):1534-1538.
[11]李伟,魏润鹏,郑勇奇,等.广东高要南部低丘桉树人工林下植被物种多样性分析[J].广西林业科学,2013,42(3):222-225.
[12]赖树雄.德庆三叉顶桉树人工林林下植被的结构和多样性研究[D].广州:华南农业大学,2009.
[13]古丽红,周毅.不同林龄桉树林下植被结构与物种多样性[J].广东林业科技,2012,28(1):1-6.
[14]余雪标.桉树人工林林下植被结构的研究[J].热带作物学报,1999,2(1):66-72.
[15]MAGURRAN A E.Ecological diversity and its measurement[M].New Jersey:Princeton University Press,1988.
[16]SHANNON C E,WEAVER W.The mathematical theory of communication[M].Urbana:University of Illinois Press,1949.
[17]WHITTAKER R H.Evolution and measurement of species diversity[J].Taxon,1972,21(2/3):213-251.
[18]陈会智,黎艳明,周毅.粤西次生针阔混交群落的林下植被物种组成与多样性研究[J].广东林业科技,2010,26(4):35-40.
[19]薛建辉,任青山,阮宏华.森林生态学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2006.
[20]徐健,邱文武,韦持章,等.桃金娘丰产实用种植技术[J].中国热带农业,2014(1):60-62.
[21]钟军弟,徐意媚,曾富华,等.不同生境下假臭草生长特征分析[J].广西植物,2014(1):68-73.
[22]何春光,崔丽娟,盛连喜.生物多样性保育学:Science of biodiversity conservation[M].长春:东北师范大学出版社,2009.
[23]陈北光,张木明,苏志尧,等.广东大东山常绿阔叶林物种多样性分析[J].华南农业大学学报,1997,18(4):59-63.
[24]刘彤,胡丹,魏晓雪,等.红松人工林林下植物物种多样性分析[J].东北林业大学学报,2010,38(5):28-29.
[25]李清湖,庄雪影.广东山区3种不同人工林林下植物多样性初步研究[J].广东林业科技,2012,28(2):37-45.
[26]许佳波,王倜,陈学平,等.公路沿线植物多样性与表土特征[J].林业与环境科学,2018,34(3):28-35.
[27]叶永昌,张浩,陈葵仙,等.香港人工林改造对林下植物自然更新和物种多样性的早期影响[J].林业与环境科学,2016,32(6):1-9.
[28]张梦雅,王新杰,刘乐,等.迹地炼山对杉木林植物多样性与土壤特性的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2017,45(3):63-67.
[29]张卫强,张卫华,潘文,等.桉树林和针阔混交林对植物多样性的影响比较[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(6):122-128.