身份和位置信息编码自动化程度对阅读的影响
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摘要
换位效应指的是与个别字母替换形成的假词相比,字母位置互换形成的假词在阅读过程中不容易被察觉的现象。这一现象引发了学者们对身份和位置信息编码的关注。拼音文字研究发现,身份信息编码发生在词汇识别的早期,位置信息编码发生在词汇识别的晚期;与位置信息错误相比,身份信息错误对词汇识别早期的影响更大。汉字不同于拼音文字,研究者们对汉字偏旁部首进行了换位研究,没有发现换位效应。本文对汉语阅读过程中的身份和位置信息自动化编码的特殊性进行了阐述,总结了词素和词边界在汉语阅读研究中的重要作用,讨论了汉语身份和位置信息加工方式与国外现有加工模型的共同性和差异性,期望对未来汉语研究有所帮助。
The transposition effect refers to the phenomenon that the false words formed by the exchange of alphabet positions are not easily perceived during the reading process compared to the false words formed by the replacement of individual letters.This phenomenon has aroused the attention of scholars to the coding of identity information and position information.The alphabetic research found that identity information coding occurred at the early stage of lexical recognition.Position information coding took place in the late stage of lexical recognition.Compared with position information errors,identity information errors had greater impact on early recognition of words.Chinese characters different from the alphabetic writing,the researchers conducted a study on the Chinese characters transposition radicals and found no transposition effect.This paper expounds the particularity of the automatic coding of identity information and position information in the process of Chinese reading,and the important role of morpheme and word boundary in the study of Chinese reading is summarized.The similarities and differences between the processing mode of Chinese coding information and the existing processing models abroad are discussed,which will be helpful for future Chinese research.
The transposition effect refers to the phenomenon that the false words formed by the exchange of alphabet positions are not easily perceived during the reading process compared to the false words formed by the replacement of individual letters.This phenomenon has aroused the attention of scholars to the coding of identity information and position information.The alphabetic research found that identity information coding occurred at the early stage of lexical recognition.Position information coding took place in the late stage of lexical recognition.Compared with position information errors,identity information errors had greater impact on early recognition of words.Chinese characters different from the alphabetic writing,the researchers conducted a study on the Chinese characters transposition radicals and found no transposition effect.This paper expounds the particularity of the automatic coding of identity information and position information in the process of Chinese reading,and the important role of morpheme and word boundary in the study of Chinese reading is summarized.The similarities and differences between the processing mode of Chinese coding information and the existing processing models abroad are discussed,which will be helpful for future Chinese research.
引文
(1)BRUNER J S,O'DOWD D.A note on the informativeness of parts of words[J].Language and speech,1958,1(2):98.
(2)SANCHEZGUTIERREZ C,RASTLE K.Letter transpositions within and across morphemic boundaries:is there a cross-language difference?[J].Psychonomic bulletin&review,2013,20(5):988.
(3)JOHNSON R L,DUNNE M D.Parafoveal processing of transposed-letter words and nonwords:evidence against parafoveal lexical activation[J].Journal of experimental psychology human perception&performance,2012,38(1):191.
(4)隋雪,王晓彤,任桂琴.词汇识别中字母换位效应的研究[J].辽宁师范大学学报(社会科学版),2015,38(3):345.
(1)王军.错拼词及其基于能指所指关系的解读理据[J].外语教学,2014,35(4):20.
(2)PEREA M,MARCET A,GOMEZ P.How do scrabble players encode letter position during reading[J].Psicothema,2016,28(1):7.
(3)彭聃龄,丁国盛,王春茂,等.汉语逆序词的加工---词素在词加工中的作用[J].心理学报,1999,31(1):36.
(4)丁国盛,彭聃龄.汉语逆序词识别中整词与词素的关系[J].当代语言学,2006,8(1):36.
(5)CARREIRAS M,VERGARA M,PEREA M.ERP correlates of transposed-letter similarity effects:are consonants processed differently from vowels[J].Neuroscience letters,2007,419(3):219.
(6)CARREIRAS M,VERGARA M,PEREA M.ERP correlates of transposed-letter priming effects:the role of vowels versus consonants[J].Psychophysiology,2009,46(1):34.
(1)DUNABEITIA J A,DIMITROPOULOU M,GRAINGER J,et al.Differential sensitivity of letters,numbers,and symbols to character transpositions[J].Journal of cognitive neuroscience,2012,24(7):1610.
(2)GRAINGER J,VAN HEUVEN W J B.Modeling letter position coding in printed word perception[J].Bonin P the mental lexicon,2004,19:1.
(3)WHITNEY C.How the brain encodes the order of letters in a printed word:the SERIOL model and selective literature review[J].Psychonomic bulletin&review,2001,8(2):221.
(4)DAVIS C J.The self-organising lexical acquisition and recognition(SOLAR)model of visual word recognition[J].Dissertation abstracts international,2001,62(1-b):594.
(1)李玉刚,黄忍,滑慧敏,等.阅读中的眼跳目标选择问题[J].心理科学进展,2017,25(3):404.
(2)TAFT M,ZHU X,PENG D.Positional specificity of radicals in Chinese character recognition[J].Journal of memory&language,1999,40(4):498.
(3)DING G,PENG D,TAFT M.The nature of the mental representation of radicals in chinese:apriming study[J].Journal of experimental psychology learning memory&cognition,2004,30(2):530.
(4)赵思敏,吴岩,李天虹,等.词汇识别中歧义词素语义加工:ERP研究[J].心理学报,2017,49(3):296.
(5)彭聃龄,丁国盛,王春茂,等.汉语逆序词的加工---词素在词加工中的作用[J].心理学报,1999,31(1):36.
(6)卞迁,崔磊,闫国利.词素位置颠倒对汉语句子阅读影响的眼动研究[J].心理研究,2010,3(1):29.
(1)GU J,LI X.The effects of character transposition within and across words in Chinese reading[J].Attention perception&psychophysics,2015,77(1):272.
(2)BEYERSMANN E,MCCORMICK S F,RASTLE K.Letter transpositions within morphemes and across morpheme boundaries[J].Quarterly journal of experimental psychology,2013,66(12):2389.
(1)PEREA M,NAKATANI C,LEEUWEN C V.Transposition effects in reading Japanese kana:are they orthographic in nature?[J].Memory&cognition,2011,39(4):700.
(2)CHANG H L,KWON Y,KIM K,et al.Syllable transposition effects in korean word recognition[J].Journal of psycholinguistic research,2015,44(3):309.
(2)SANCHEZGUTIERREZ C,RASTLE K.Letter transpositions within and across morphemic boundaries:is there a cross-language difference?[J].Psychonomic bulletin&review,2013,20(5):988.
(3)JOHNSON R L,DUNNE M D.Parafoveal processing of transposed-letter words and nonwords:evidence against parafoveal lexical activation[J].Journal of experimental psychology human perception&performance,2012,38(1):191.
(4)隋雪,王晓彤,任桂琴.词汇识别中字母换位效应的研究[J].辽宁师范大学学报(社会科学版),2015,38(3):345.
(1)王军.错拼词及其基于能指所指关系的解读理据[J].外语教学,2014,35(4):20.
(2)PEREA M,MARCET A,GOMEZ P.How do scrabble players encode letter position during reading[J].Psicothema,2016,28(1):7.
(3)彭聃龄,丁国盛,王春茂,等.汉语逆序词的加工---词素在词加工中的作用[J].心理学报,1999,31(1):36.
(4)丁国盛,彭聃龄.汉语逆序词识别中整词与词素的关系[J].当代语言学,2006,8(1):36.
(5)CARREIRAS M,VERGARA M,PEREA M.ERP correlates of transposed-letter similarity effects:are consonants processed differently from vowels[J].Neuroscience letters,2007,419(3):219.
(6)CARREIRAS M,VERGARA M,PEREA M.ERP correlates of transposed-letter priming effects:the role of vowels versus consonants[J].Psychophysiology,2009,46(1):34.
(1)DUNABEITIA J A,DIMITROPOULOU M,GRAINGER J,et al.Differential sensitivity of letters,numbers,and symbols to character transpositions[J].Journal of cognitive neuroscience,2012,24(7):1610.
(2)GRAINGER J,VAN HEUVEN W J B.Modeling letter position coding in printed word perception[J].Bonin P the mental lexicon,2004,19:1.
(3)WHITNEY C.How the brain encodes the order of letters in a printed word:the SERIOL model and selective literature review[J].Psychonomic bulletin&review,2001,8(2):221.
(4)DAVIS C J.The self-organising lexical acquisition and recognition(SOLAR)model of visual word recognition[J].Dissertation abstracts international,2001,62(1-b):594.
(1)李玉刚,黄忍,滑慧敏,等.阅读中的眼跳目标选择问题[J].心理科学进展,2017,25(3):404.
(2)TAFT M,ZHU X,PENG D.Positional specificity of radicals in Chinese character recognition[J].Journal of memory&language,1999,40(4):498.
(3)DING G,PENG D,TAFT M.The nature of the mental representation of radicals in chinese:apriming study[J].Journal of experimental psychology learning memory&cognition,2004,30(2):530.
(4)赵思敏,吴岩,李天虹,等.词汇识别中歧义词素语义加工:ERP研究[J].心理学报,2017,49(3):296.
(5)彭聃龄,丁国盛,王春茂,等.汉语逆序词的加工---词素在词加工中的作用[J].心理学报,1999,31(1):36.
(6)卞迁,崔磊,闫国利.词素位置颠倒对汉语句子阅读影响的眼动研究[J].心理研究,2010,3(1):29.
(1)GU J,LI X.The effects of character transposition within and across words in Chinese reading[J].Attention perception&psychophysics,2015,77(1):272.
(2)BEYERSMANN E,MCCORMICK S F,RASTLE K.Letter transpositions within morphemes and across morpheme boundaries[J].Quarterly journal of experimental psychology,2013,66(12):2389.
(1)PEREA M,NAKATANI C,LEEUWEN C V.Transposition effects in reading Japanese kana:are they orthographic in nature?[J].Memory&cognition,2011,39(4):700.
(2)CHANG H L,KWON Y,KIM K,et al.Syllable transposition effects in korean word recognition[J].Journal of psycholinguistic research,2015,44(3):309.