“家庭网”中的风险分担
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摘要
随着中国农村家庭的"小型化"和"核心化",由独立出来的另组家庭和原属家庭构成的"家庭网"成为重要的风险分担组织/网络。本文根据中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)独特的跟踪调查规则,构造了"家庭网"数据集,在此基础上研究了"家庭网"中不同家庭之间互动的特定经济效应——消费的风险分担。实证结果表明:"家庭网"中的家庭实现了部分风险分担,但没有实现完全风险分担;与食物消费相比,家庭非食物消费的风险分担程度更为显著;与高资产家庭和低资产家庭相比,中等资产家庭实现风险分担的程度更大。这意味着,一个家庭的消费受限于"家庭网"中的其他家庭所拥有的经济资源。研究结果对于如何选取经济分析的决策单位和面板分析的数据单位具有启示意义,在公共政策特别是当下的精准扶贫政策制定时,亦不可忽视"家庭网"中经济资源的统筹配置。
With the miniaturization and nucleation of rural households in China,the family network becomes an important risk-sharing organization/network.According to the unique tracking rules of CFPS,this paper constructs the family network data set.On this basis,this paper studies the risk sharing of consumption in the family network.The empirical results show that the household in the family network achieve partial risk sharing.Furthermore,compared with food consumption,non-food consumption has a more significant degree of risk sharing,and middle-asset households achieve a greater degree of risk-sharing compared with high-asset households and low-asset households.This means that the consumption of a household depends on the economic resources available to other households in the family network.The results of the study have certain guiding significance for how to select the decision-making unit of economic analysis and the data unit of panel analysis.In the formulation of public policies,especially the current precise poverty alleviation policy,we should not ignore the overall allocation of economic resources in the family network.
With the miniaturization and nucleation of rural households in China,the family network becomes an important risk-sharing organization/network.According to the unique tracking rules of CFPS,this paper constructs the family network data set.On this basis,this paper studies the risk sharing of consumption in the family network.The empirical results show that the household in the family network achieve partial risk sharing.Furthermore,compared with food consumption,non-food consumption has a more significant degree of risk sharing,and middle-asset households achieve a greater degree of risk-sharing compared with high-asset households and low-asset households.This means that the consumption of a household depends on the economic resources available to other households in the family network.The results of the study have certain guiding significance for how to select the decision-making unit of economic analysis and the data unit of panel analysis.In the formulation of public policies,especially the current precise poverty alleviation policy,we should not ignore the overall allocation of economic resources in the family network.
引文
[1]AMBRUS A,MOBIUS M,SZEIDL A.Consumption Risk-Sharing in Social Networks[J].American Economic Review,2014,104(1):149-182.
[2]FAFCHAMPS M,QUISUMBING A R.Household Formation and Marriage Markets in Rural Areas[G]∥PAULS,JOHN S.Handbook of Development Economics[M].Amsterdam:North Holland,2007:3187-3247.
[3]弗朗西斯·福山.信任---社会道德与繁荣的创造[M].李宛蓉,译.呼和浩特:远方出版社,1999:100-105.
[4]潘允,康林南.中国城市现代家庭模式[J].社会学研究,1987(3):54-67.
[5]王跃生.中国城乡家庭结构变动分析---基于2010年人口普查数据[J].中国社会科学,2013(12):60-77.
[6]马春华,石金群,李银河,等.中国城市家庭变迁的趋势和最新发现[J].社会学研究,2011(2):182-216.
[7]TOWNSEND R M.Risk and Insurance in Village India[J].Econometrica,1994,62(3):539-591.
[8]RAVALLION M,CHAUDHURI S.Risk and Insurance in Village India:Comment[J].Econometrica,1997,61(5):171-184.
[9]PARK C.Risk Pooling between Households and RiskCoping Measures in Developing Countries:Evidence from Rural Bangladesh[J].Economic Development And Cultural Change,2006,54(2):423-257.
[10]郭云南,姚洋,JEREMY F.宗族网络,农村金融与平滑消费:来自中国11省77村的经验[J].中国农村观察,2012(1):32-45.
[11]RAVALLION M,JALAN J.Are the Poor Less Well Insured?Evidence on Vulnerability to Income Risk in Rural China[J].Journal of Development Economics,1999,58(1):61-81.
[12]DIFALCO S,BULTE E.A Dark Side of Social Capital?[J].Journal of Development Studies,2011,47(8):1128-1151.
[13]刘金全.中国经济波动的收缩性和趋势性研究[J].武汉大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2018(3):97-106.
[14]FRANKENBERG E,JAMES P S,DUNCAN T.Economic Shocks,Wealth and Welfare:Evidence from The Indonesia Family Life Surve[J].Journal of Human Resources,2003,38(2):280-321.
(1)“核心家庭”是由父母双亲和未婚子女所组成的家庭(包括只有夫妻2人而无子女或者只有双亲中1人与未婚子女组成的家庭)。
(1)“主干家庭”是指父母双亲仅和一对已婚子女(儿子、儿媳或女儿、女婿)所组成的家庭(包括两对不同代夫妻有缺损的情况)。
(2)“联合家庭”是指由父母双亲和2对及2对以上已婚子女所组成的家庭(包括无父母而兄弟姐妹婚后不分家的情况)。
(1)“原属家庭”是当期调查前存在于家庭成员数据库中的受访家庭。
(2)“另组家庭”是当期调查从原属家庭中分裂出来,与原属家庭经济上相互独立的个体。
(3)“持续追踪家庭”指的是从基期(2010年)到调查当期持续追踪调查的家庭。
(4)另组家庭中至少有一名成员与其原属家庭的一名成员有亲子关系。
(1)为节省篇幅,不再汇报相关的结果,感兴趣的读者可以向笔者索取。
[2]FAFCHAMPS M,QUISUMBING A R.Household Formation and Marriage Markets in Rural Areas[G]∥PAULS,JOHN S.Handbook of Development Economics[M].Amsterdam:North Holland,2007:3187-3247.
[3]弗朗西斯·福山.信任---社会道德与繁荣的创造[M].李宛蓉,译.呼和浩特:远方出版社,1999:100-105.
[4]潘允,康林南.中国城市现代家庭模式[J].社会学研究,1987(3):54-67.
[5]王跃生.中国城乡家庭结构变动分析---基于2010年人口普查数据[J].中国社会科学,2013(12):60-77.
[6]马春华,石金群,李银河,等.中国城市家庭变迁的趋势和最新发现[J].社会学研究,2011(2):182-216.
[7]TOWNSEND R M.Risk and Insurance in Village India[J].Econometrica,1994,62(3):539-591.
[8]RAVALLION M,CHAUDHURI S.Risk and Insurance in Village India:Comment[J].Econometrica,1997,61(5):171-184.
[9]PARK C.Risk Pooling between Households and RiskCoping Measures in Developing Countries:Evidence from Rural Bangladesh[J].Economic Development And Cultural Change,2006,54(2):423-257.
[10]郭云南,姚洋,JEREMY F.宗族网络,农村金融与平滑消费:来自中国11省77村的经验[J].中国农村观察,2012(1):32-45.
[11]RAVALLION M,JALAN J.Are the Poor Less Well Insured?Evidence on Vulnerability to Income Risk in Rural China[J].Journal of Development Economics,1999,58(1):61-81.
[12]DIFALCO S,BULTE E.A Dark Side of Social Capital?[J].Journal of Development Studies,2011,47(8):1128-1151.
[13]刘金全.中国经济波动的收缩性和趋势性研究[J].武汉大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2018(3):97-106.
[14]FRANKENBERG E,JAMES P S,DUNCAN T.Economic Shocks,Wealth and Welfare:Evidence from The Indonesia Family Life Surve[J].Journal of Human Resources,2003,38(2):280-321.
(1)“核心家庭”是由父母双亲和未婚子女所组成的家庭(包括只有夫妻2人而无子女或者只有双亲中1人与未婚子女组成的家庭)。
(1)“主干家庭”是指父母双亲仅和一对已婚子女(儿子、儿媳或女儿、女婿)所组成的家庭(包括两对不同代夫妻有缺损的情况)。
(2)“联合家庭”是指由父母双亲和2对及2对以上已婚子女所组成的家庭(包括无父母而兄弟姐妹婚后不分家的情况)。
(1)“原属家庭”是当期调查前存在于家庭成员数据库中的受访家庭。
(2)“另组家庭”是当期调查从原属家庭中分裂出来,与原属家庭经济上相互独立的个体。
(3)“持续追踪家庭”指的是从基期(2010年)到调查当期持续追踪调查的家庭。
(4)另组家庭中至少有一名成员与其原属家庭的一名成员有亲子关系。
(1)为节省篇幅,不再汇报相关的结果,感兴趣的读者可以向笔者索取。