双膜法应急饮用水处理应用研究
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摘要
以有机微污染水作为原水,探讨超滤-反渗透双膜法应急饮用水处理系统对各污染指标的去处效果,提出原水水质建议性标准,为双膜法应急饮用水处理技术的实际应用提供理论支持。结果表明,典型的城市内河超标污染物一般有总大肠菌群、氨氮、总氮及二氯甲烷、三氯乙醛等消毒副产物和乙醛等消毒副产物前驱物质;对照生活饮用水卫生标准,双膜法技术对于水中COD、BOD_5、阴离子表面活性剂和二氯甲烷的去除率较低,分别为15%、6.9%、28.6%、46.7%,对石油类物质去除效果不明显,其他指标去除率均在80%~99%之间,针对不同类型的原水应考虑与其他水处理工艺结合;当原水接近中性时,反渗透产水呈弱酸性,需增加矿化调质单元,调节水质。根据实验中对各污染指标的去除率以及我国生活饮用水卫生标准,双膜法应急饮用水处理产水达标的情况下原水水质应达到地表水环境质量标准V类及以上,或者原水中COD、BOD_5、阴离子表面活性剂、二氯甲烷和石油类物质的含量不超过23.5、4.29、0.28、0.038和0.005 mg/L。
Ultrafiltration/reverseosmosis double membrane technology was used in emergency drinking water treatment system to research the removal efficiency of each pollution parameter, and the organic micro-polluted water was used as the raw water, recommended standard of raw water quality was put forward to provide theoretical support for emergency drinking water treatment by double membrane technology. The test indicated that, typical urban river pollutants included total coliform bacteria, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and some disinfection by-products such as dichloromethane trichloracetic aldehyde and some precursors such as acetaldehyde. Compared to 'Hygienic Standard for Drinking Water'(GB5749-2006), UF and RO technology had a lower removal rate on COD, BOD, anionic surfactants and methylene chloride, which was 15%, 6.9%, 28.6% and 46.7% respectively,the removal rate on petroleum oil was 0%, and other index removal rate was between 80%~99%.This technology should be combined with other water treatment technology for different types of raw water. When raw water was close to neutral, the producing water from reverse osmosis presented slightly acidic, so it needed to add mineralization process for water quality adjustment. According to this removal rate and 'Hygienic Standard for Drinking Water', and provided the producing water which treated by double membrane reach the standard, the raw water must met requirement of'Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water' or the content of COD, BOD, anionic surfactants, methylene chloride and petroleum oil not exceeded 23.5 mg/L,4.29 mg/L, 0.28 mg/L, 0.038 mg/L and 0.005 mg/L respectively.
Ultrafiltration/reverseosmosis double membrane technology was used in emergency drinking water treatment system to research the removal efficiency of each pollution parameter, and the organic micro-polluted water was used as the raw water, recommended standard of raw water quality was put forward to provide theoretical support for emergency drinking water treatment by double membrane technology. The test indicated that, typical urban river pollutants included total coliform bacteria, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and some disinfection by-products such as dichloromethane trichloracetic aldehyde and some precursors such as acetaldehyde. Compared to 'Hygienic Standard for Drinking Water'(GB5749-2006), UF and RO technology had a lower removal rate on COD, BOD, anionic surfactants and methylene chloride, which was 15%, 6.9%, 28.6% and 46.7% respectively,the removal rate on petroleum oil was 0%, and other index removal rate was between 80%~99%.This technology should be combined with other water treatment technology for different types of raw water. When raw water was close to neutral, the producing water from reverse osmosis presented slightly acidic, so it needed to add mineralization process for water quality adjustment. According to this removal rate and 'Hygienic Standard for Drinking Water', and provided the producing water which treated by double membrane reach the standard, the raw water must met requirement of'Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water' or the content of COD, BOD, anionic surfactants, methylene chloride and petroleum oil not exceeded 23.5 mg/L,4.29 mg/L, 0.28 mg/L, 0.038 mg/L and 0.005 mg/L respectively.
引文
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[3]ABBAS H,HOSSAIN M M,CHEN X.Modelling of anhydrous milkfat fractionation in an ultrafiltration membrane process[J].Chemical Engineering and Processing,2007,46(8):393-397.
[4]MO J H,LEE Y H,KIM J,et al.Treatment of dye aqueous solutions using nanofiltration polyamide composite membranes for the dye wastewater reuse[J].Dyes and Pigments,2008,76(4):429-434.
[5]陈永强,龚小芝,李铭.预处理-超滤-反渗透工艺深度处理炼油厂污水[J].化工环保,2013,30(2):140-143.
[6]董利珠.超滤+反渗透工艺深度处理钢铁厂综合污水[J].环境工程,2011,29(2):58-60,77.
[7]王治国.中水回用反渗透系统中p H值的控制研究[D].沈阳:东北大学,2011.
[8]孙丽华,李星,吕谋,等.五种预处理方式对超滤膜处理松花江水的效能比较[J].给水排水,2007,33(5):133-136.
[9]刘晓露,王敬琦,张柏林,等.可同化有机碳和余氯对饮用水中细菌活性的共同影响[J].安全与环境学报,2014,14(3):198-201.