天津市武清区农田土壤和蔬菜中重金属污染特征及来源解析
|
摘要
为评价中国北方典型农田土壤和蔬菜重金属污染特征,从天津市武清区分别采集45个农田表层土壤及对应的叶类蔬菜、32个农用畜禽粪便样品和4组土壤剖面,测定了Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn共6种重金属的含量和形态,并利用相关性分析和主成分分析判断土壤中重金属污染的可能来源。结果表明:表层土壤6种重金属的累积程度依次为Cd>Cr>Cu>Zn>Pb>Ni,其中26.7%的Cd超过了土壤环境质量二级标准(GB 15618—2018);叶类蔬菜根部存在重金属累积(尤其是Cd),但蔬菜叶片中并不存在重金属超标;研究区所施用的畜禽粪便中Cd的超标率为16%(参照NY 525—2012),其长期施用会造成表层土壤中重金属的累积;同时,表层土壤中高的可交换态Cd、Cu和Zn会增加作物吸收土壤中重金属的风险,是造成当地叶类蔬菜根部和叶片中重金属累积的原因之一。结合主成分分析结果:Cr和Ni主要来自于成土母质; Zn主要受农业活动影响,如畜禽粪便的施用; Cd和Pb主要受工业活动影响; Cu为复合污染,受工业和农业活动共同影响。综上所述,研究区土壤和畜禽粪便中存在Cd超标现象,虽然目前蔬菜叶片中重金属未超标,但应该注意控制或减少农业和工业污染对蔬菜地重金属的影响,以确保农田土壤和蔬菜的安全。
To evaluate heavy metal pollution in agricultural soils and vegetables in North China,45 surface agricultural soil samples and corresponding vegetable samples,32 livestock manure samples,and four soil profiles were collected in Wuqing District,Tianjin City. For all samples,heavy metal( Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb,Zn) concentrations and their fractions were analyzed. The correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to determine the potential pollution sources. The results showed that the accumulation( relative to soil background value) of heavy metals in surface soils decreased in the order of Cd>Cr>Cu>Zn>Pb>Ni. The concentration of Cd in 26. 7% of samples exceeded the Second Standards of Soil Environment( GB 15618-2018). Heavy metal concentrations in vegetable roots were relatively enriched( especially for Cd),while those in leaves did not exceed the standards( GB 2762-2017). In the study area,16% of samples for Cd in applied livestock manures exceeded the industry standards of organic fertilizer of China( NY 525-2012),which could lead to the accumulation of heavy metals in surface soils after long-term application. Relatively high proportion of exchangeable Cd,Cu and Zn in the surface soil might increase the potential risk of heavy metals absorbed by crops and lead to the accumulation of heavy metals in roots and leaves of vegetables. Results from the principal component analysis showed that Cr and Ni may derive from soil parent material,Zn from agricultural activities( such as the application of livestock manures),Cd and Pb from industrial activities,and Cu from both agricultural and industrial activities. In summary,Cd in some soil and livestock manure samples exceeded the standard in this area. More attention should be paid to control or reduce the impacts of agricultural and industrial pollution on metal concentrations in soils and vegetables,although no heavy metal concentrations in leaves exceed the limit of standards at present.
To evaluate heavy metal pollution in agricultural soils and vegetables in North China,45 surface agricultural soil samples and corresponding vegetable samples,32 livestock manure samples,and four soil profiles were collected in Wuqing District,Tianjin City. For all samples,heavy metal( Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb,Zn) concentrations and their fractions were analyzed. The correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to determine the potential pollution sources. The results showed that the accumulation( relative to soil background value) of heavy metals in surface soils decreased in the order of Cd>Cr>Cu>Zn>Pb>Ni. The concentration of Cd in 26. 7% of samples exceeded the Second Standards of Soil Environment( GB 15618-2018). Heavy metal concentrations in vegetable roots were relatively enriched( especially for Cd),while those in leaves did not exceed the standards( GB 2762-2017). In the study area,16% of samples for Cd in applied livestock manures exceeded the industry standards of organic fertilizer of China( NY 525-2012),which could lead to the accumulation of heavy metals in surface soils after long-term application. Relatively high proportion of exchangeable Cd,Cu and Zn in the surface soil might increase the potential risk of heavy metals absorbed by crops and lead to the accumulation of heavy metals in roots and leaves of vegetables. Results from the principal component analysis showed that Cr and Ni may derive from soil parent material,Zn from agricultural activities( such as the application of livestock manures),Cd and Pb from industrial activities,and Cu from both agricultural and industrial activities. In summary,Cd in some soil and livestock manure samples exceeded the standard in this area. More attention should be paid to control or reduce the impacts of agricultural and industrial pollution on metal concentrations in soils and vegetables,although no heavy metal concentrations in leaves exceed the limit of standards at present.
引文
安玉琴,裴秀坤,金红,等.2016.河北省农田土壤重金属污染及健康风险评价.中国公共卫生,32(9):1235-1238.
陈亚华,黄少华,刘胜环,等.2006.南京地区农田土壤和蔬菜重金属污染状况研究.长江流域资源与环境,15(3):356-360.
崔东文,金波.2014.基于随机森林回归算法的水生态文明综合评价.水利水电科技进展,34(5):56-60.
顾燕青,顾优丽,白倩,等.2015.杭州市菜地蔬菜对土壤重金属的富集特性研究.农业资源与环境学报,32(4):401-410.
郭朝晖,肖细元,陈同斌,等.2008.湘江中下游农田土壤和蔬菜的重金属污染.地理学报,63(3):3-11.
郭笑笑,刘丛强,朱兆洲,等.2011.土壤重金属污染评价方法.生态学杂志,30(5):889-896.
黄静宜.2008.天津市东丽区大毕庄土壤重金属污染评价及在矿物中的稳定性分析(硕士学位论文).北京:中国地质大学.
李春亮,刘文辉.2012.甘肃省白银市区土壤环境质量评价.物探与化探,36(6):1014-1019.
李瑞平,郝英华,李光德,等.2011.泰安市农田土壤重金属污染特征及来源解析.农业环境科学学报,30(10):2012-2017.
刘庆,王静,史衍玺,等.2007.浙江省慈溪市农田土壤重金属污染初步研究.农业环境科学学报,26(2):639-644.
刘银飞,孙彬彬,贺灵,等.2016.福建龙海土壤垂向剖面元素分布特征.物探与化探,40(4):713-721.
刘英俊.1984.元素地球化学.北京:科学出版社.
卢豪良,严重玲.2007.秋茄(Kandelia candel)根系分泌低分子量有机酸及其对重金属生物有效性的影响.生态学报,27(10):4173-4181.
莫争,王春霞,陈琴,等.2002.重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd在土壤中的形态分布和转化.农业环境科学学报,21(1):9-12.
宋波,陈同斌,郑袁明,等.2006.北京市菜地土壤和蔬菜镉含量及其健康风险分析.环境科学学报,26(10):1707-1715.
宋伟,陈百明,刘琳.2013.中国耕地土壤重金属污染概况.水土保持研究,20(2):293-298.
宋志廷,赵玉杰,周其文,等.2016.基于地质统计及随机模拟技术的天津武清区土壤重金属源解析.环境科学,37(7):2756-2762.
王飞,赵立欣,沈玉君,等.2013.华北地区畜禽粪便有机肥中重金属含量及溯源分析.农业工程学报,29(19):202-208.
王龙,高子平,李文华,等.2016.水稻幼苗镉吸收动力学特性的遗传多样性分析.植物生理学报,52(1):125-133.
许桂苹,王晓飞,付洁.2014.土壤重金属污染评价方法研究综述.农村经济与科技,25(1):71-74.
易甜,姚晶晶,李书谦,等.2015.湖北省某地农田土壤中重金属污染的风险评价.湖北农业科学,54(24):6379-6382.
曾路生.2013.寿光设施蔬菜土壤有效态Hg、As、Cu和Zn含量的变化.环境化学,32(9):1743-1748.
张晗,靳青文,黄仁龙,等.2017.大宝山矿区农田土壤重金属污染及其植物累积特征.土壤,49(1):141-149.
张引娥.2013.重金属元素在厦门-漳州土壤剖面中的分布特征及其环境意义.地球与环境,41(1):13-19.
张志栋,付亚星,郭中领,等.2017.石家庄市城区土壤剖面重金属含量分布特征.湖北农业科学,56(17):3234-3237.
赵筱青,杨红辉,易琦.2012.沘江流域农田土壤重金属污染特征及原因剖析.安徽农业科学,40(12):7569-7573.
中国地质调查局.2013.中华人民共和国多目标区域地球化学图集.武汉:地质出版社.
Gao JJ,Tian HZ,Cheng K,et al.2014.Seasonal and spatial variation of trace elements in multi-size airborne particulate matters of Beijing,China:Mass concentration,enrichment characteristics,source apportionment,chemical speciation and bioavailability.Atmospheric Environment,99:257-265.
Li YY,Wang HB,Wang HJ,et al.2014.Heavy metal pollution in vegetables grown in the vicinityof a multi-metal mining area in Gejiu,China:Total concentrations,speciation analysis,and health risk.Environmental Science and Pollution Research,21:12569-12582.
Liu GN,Wang J,Zhang EX,et al.2016.Heavy metal speciation and risk assessment in dry land and paddy soils near mining areas at Southern China.Environmental Science and Pollution Research,23:8709-8720.
Luo L,Ma YB,Zhang SZ,et al.2009.An inventory of trace element inputs to agricultural soils in China.Journal of Environmental Management,90:2524-2530.
Mattina MI,Lannucci-Berger W,Musante C,et al.2003.Concurrent plant uptake of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants from soil.Environmental Pollution,124:375-378.
Morenojiménez E,Pealosa JM,Manzano R,et al.2009.Heavy metals distribution in soils surrounding an abandoned mine in NW Madrid(Spain)and their transference to wild flora.Journal of Hazardous Materials,162:854-859.
Rafique U,Kaukab H,Iqbal S.2011.Quantitative speciation of heavy metals in soil and crops of agricultural fields of Islamabad,Pakistan.Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability,23:110-117.
Tessier A,Campbell PGC,Bisson M.1979.Sequential extraction proceduer for the specification of particaulate trace metals.Analytical Chemistry,1979:844-850.
United States Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA).1996.Test Methods for Evaluating Soild Waste,Method3050B:Acid Digestion of Sediments Sludges and Soils(revision 2).Washington,DC:U.S.Government Printing Office.
Wang LJ,Tao WD,Smardon RC,et al.2018.Speciation,sources,and risk assessment of heavy metals in suburban vegetable garden soil in Xianyang City,Northwest China.Frontiers of Earth Science,12:397-407.
Xu QT,Zhang MK.2017.Source identification and exchangeability of heavy metals accumulated in vegetable soils in the coastal plain of eastern Zhejiang province,China.Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,142:410-416.
Zhang RH,Li ZG,Liu XD,et al.2017.Immobilization and bioavailability of heavy metals in greenhouse soils amended with rice straw-derived biochar.Ecological Engineering,98:183-188.
Zhao LY,Schulin R,Nowack B.2009.Cu and Zn mobilization in soil columns percolated by different irrigation solutions.Environmental Pollution,157:823-833.
陈亚华,黄少华,刘胜环,等.2006.南京地区农田土壤和蔬菜重金属污染状况研究.长江流域资源与环境,15(3):356-360.
崔东文,金波.2014.基于随机森林回归算法的水生态文明综合评价.水利水电科技进展,34(5):56-60.
顾燕青,顾优丽,白倩,等.2015.杭州市菜地蔬菜对土壤重金属的富集特性研究.农业资源与环境学报,32(4):401-410.
郭朝晖,肖细元,陈同斌,等.2008.湘江中下游农田土壤和蔬菜的重金属污染.地理学报,63(3):3-11.
郭笑笑,刘丛强,朱兆洲,等.2011.土壤重金属污染评价方法.生态学杂志,30(5):889-896.
黄静宜.2008.天津市东丽区大毕庄土壤重金属污染评价及在矿物中的稳定性分析(硕士学位论文).北京:中国地质大学.
李春亮,刘文辉.2012.甘肃省白银市区土壤环境质量评价.物探与化探,36(6):1014-1019.
李瑞平,郝英华,李光德,等.2011.泰安市农田土壤重金属污染特征及来源解析.农业环境科学学报,30(10):2012-2017.
刘庆,王静,史衍玺,等.2007.浙江省慈溪市农田土壤重金属污染初步研究.农业环境科学学报,26(2):639-644.
刘银飞,孙彬彬,贺灵,等.2016.福建龙海土壤垂向剖面元素分布特征.物探与化探,40(4):713-721.
刘英俊.1984.元素地球化学.北京:科学出版社.
卢豪良,严重玲.2007.秋茄(Kandelia candel)根系分泌低分子量有机酸及其对重金属生物有效性的影响.生态学报,27(10):4173-4181.
莫争,王春霞,陈琴,等.2002.重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd在土壤中的形态分布和转化.农业环境科学学报,21(1):9-12.
宋波,陈同斌,郑袁明,等.2006.北京市菜地土壤和蔬菜镉含量及其健康风险分析.环境科学学报,26(10):1707-1715.
宋伟,陈百明,刘琳.2013.中国耕地土壤重金属污染概况.水土保持研究,20(2):293-298.
宋志廷,赵玉杰,周其文,等.2016.基于地质统计及随机模拟技术的天津武清区土壤重金属源解析.环境科学,37(7):2756-2762.
王飞,赵立欣,沈玉君,等.2013.华北地区畜禽粪便有机肥中重金属含量及溯源分析.农业工程学报,29(19):202-208.
王龙,高子平,李文华,等.2016.水稻幼苗镉吸收动力学特性的遗传多样性分析.植物生理学报,52(1):125-133.
许桂苹,王晓飞,付洁.2014.土壤重金属污染评价方法研究综述.农村经济与科技,25(1):71-74.
易甜,姚晶晶,李书谦,等.2015.湖北省某地农田土壤中重金属污染的风险评价.湖北农业科学,54(24):6379-6382.
曾路生.2013.寿光设施蔬菜土壤有效态Hg、As、Cu和Zn含量的变化.环境化学,32(9):1743-1748.
张晗,靳青文,黄仁龙,等.2017.大宝山矿区农田土壤重金属污染及其植物累积特征.土壤,49(1):141-149.
张引娥.2013.重金属元素在厦门-漳州土壤剖面中的分布特征及其环境意义.地球与环境,41(1):13-19.
张志栋,付亚星,郭中领,等.2017.石家庄市城区土壤剖面重金属含量分布特征.湖北农业科学,56(17):3234-3237.
赵筱青,杨红辉,易琦.2012.沘江流域农田土壤重金属污染特征及原因剖析.安徽农业科学,40(12):7569-7573.
中国地质调查局.2013.中华人民共和国多目标区域地球化学图集.武汉:地质出版社.
Gao JJ,Tian HZ,Cheng K,et al.2014.Seasonal and spatial variation of trace elements in multi-size airborne particulate matters of Beijing,China:Mass concentration,enrichment characteristics,source apportionment,chemical speciation and bioavailability.Atmospheric Environment,99:257-265.
Li YY,Wang HB,Wang HJ,et al.2014.Heavy metal pollution in vegetables grown in the vicinityof a multi-metal mining area in Gejiu,China:Total concentrations,speciation analysis,and health risk.Environmental Science and Pollution Research,21:12569-12582.
Liu GN,Wang J,Zhang EX,et al.2016.Heavy metal speciation and risk assessment in dry land and paddy soils near mining areas at Southern China.Environmental Science and Pollution Research,23:8709-8720.
Luo L,Ma YB,Zhang SZ,et al.2009.An inventory of trace element inputs to agricultural soils in China.Journal of Environmental Management,90:2524-2530.
Mattina MI,Lannucci-Berger W,Musante C,et al.2003.Concurrent plant uptake of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants from soil.Environmental Pollution,124:375-378.
Morenojiménez E,Pealosa JM,Manzano R,et al.2009.Heavy metals distribution in soils surrounding an abandoned mine in NW Madrid(Spain)and their transference to wild flora.Journal of Hazardous Materials,162:854-859.
Rafique U,Kaukab H,Iqbal S.2011.Quantitative speciation of heavy metals in soil and crops of agricultural fields of Islamabad,Pakistan.Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability,23:110-117.
Tessier A,Campbell PGC,Bisson M.1979.Sequential extraction proceduer for the specification of particaulate trace metals.Analytical Chemistry,1979:844-850.
United States Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA).1996.Test Methods for Evaluating Soild Waste,Method3050B:Acid Digestion of Sediments Sludges and Soils(revision 2).Washington,DC:U.S.Government Printing Office.
Wang LJ,Tao WD,Smardon RC,et al.2018.Speciation,sources,and risk assessment of heavy metals in suburban vegetable garden soil in Xianyang City,Northwest China.Frontiers of Earth Science,12:397-407.
Xu QT,Zhang MK.2017.Source identification and exchangeability of heavy metals accumulated in vegetable soils in the coastal plain of eastern Zhejiang province,China.Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,142:410-416.
Zhang RH,Li ZG,Liu XD,et al.2017.Immobilization and bioavailability of heavy metals in greenhouse soils amended with rice straw-derived biochar.Ecological Engineering,98:183-188.
Zhao LY,Schulin R,Nowack B.2009.Cu and Zn mobilization in soil columns percolated by different irrigation solutions.Environmental Pollution,157:823-833.