南充雷暴大风天气学概念模型和环境物理量分析
|
摘要
利用1981～2016年气象常规观测和自动站资料对南充大风的基本气候特征进行统计分析,重点探讨不同类型区域雷暴大风的天气系统配置和环境物理量基本特征。结果表明:(1)南充雷暴大风按照形成原因主要分为高空冷平流强迫类和斜压锋生类,按落区出现情况分为全市型、东部型和西部型,东部型雷暴大风主要由高空冷平流强迫所致,全市型和西部型雷暴大风过程则多为斜压锋生所造成。(2)斜压锋生类雷暴大风主要发生在显著冷暖平流导致的斜压锋生与锋面动力强迫共同作用的形势下,高空冷平流强迫类则主要是高空强干冷平流的作用。(3)雷暴大风过程发生前大气环境呈上干下湿、湿层浅薄或为"喇叭口"形态,对于不同类型雷暴大风过程发生前的环境物理结构不同,斜压锋生类雷暴大风产生时大气环境多为明显斜压特征,高空常伴有强锋区,低层不稳定能量大,因此热力因子比较重要。高空冷平流强迫类主要发生在川陕槽后强烈冷平流形势下,水平风垂直切变大、要求低层增温快,故热力和动力因子都重要。
Based on the meteorological conventional conobservations and automatic station data from 1981 to 2016,the basic climate characteristics of the Nanchong Gale were statistically analyzed,and the basic characteristics of the weather system configuration and environmental physical quantity of different types of regional thunderstorm gales are emphatically discussed.The results show that:(1) According to the formation reasons,nanchong thunderstorm gales are mainly classified into high-altitude cold advection forcing and baroclinic frontogenesis type,which are divided into city-wide,eastern-type and western-type according to the occurrence of the falling areas.The Eastern type of thunderstorm is mainly caused by high altitude cold advection force,while the whole city and western type of thunderstorm are mostly caused by baroclinic frontogenesis.(2)The baroclinic frontogenesis is mainly caused by the combination of the slanting front and the frontal dynamic forcing caused by the significant cold and warm advection. The forcing type of high-altitude cold advection is mainly generated by the high-altitude strong dry cold advection.(3) Before the occurrence of thunderstorm,the atmospheric environment is in the shape of upper dry and lower humidity,shallow wet layer or bell mouth.For different types of thunderstorms,the physical structure of the environment is different before the occurrence of strong winds. When baroclinic frontogenetic thunderstorm occur,the atmospheric environment is mostly baroclinic. High altitude is often accompanied by strong frontal regions. Considering the large energy of instability in the lower layer,the thermodynamic factors are important.The high-altitude cold advection mainly occurs in the situation of strong cold advection after the Sichuan-Shaanxi trough. The vertical shear of horizontal wind is large,and the vertical shear of the horizontal wind is large,and the temperature of the lower layer is required to increase rapidly. Thermal and dynamic factors are important.
Based on the meteorological conventional conobservations and automatic station data from 1981 to 2016,the basic climate characteristics of the Nanchong Gale were statistically analyzed,and the basic characteristics of the weather system configuration and environmental physical quantity of different types of regional thunderstorm gales are emphatically discussed.The results show that:(1) According to the formation reasons,nanchong thunderstorm gales are mainly classified into high-altitude cold advection forcing and baroclinic frontogenesis type,which are divided into city-wide,eastern-type and western-type according to the occurrence of the falling areas.The Eastern type of thunderstorm is mainly caused by high altitude cold advection force,while the whole city and western type of thunderstorm are mostly caused by baroclinic frontogenesis.(2)The baroclinic frontogenesis is mainly caused by the combination of the slanting front and the frontal dynamic forcing caused by the significant cold and warm advection. The forcing type of high-altitude cold advection is mainly generated by the high-altitude strong dry cold advection.(3) Before the occurrence of thunderstorm,the atmospheric environment is in the shape of upper dry and lower humidity,shallow wet layer or bell mouth.For different types of thunderstorms,the physical structure of the environment is different before the occurrence of strong winds. When baroclinic frontogenetic thunderstorm occur,the atmospheric environment is mostly baroclinic. High altitude is often accompanied by strong frontal regions. Considering the large energy of instability in the lower layer,the thermodynamic factors are important.The high-altitude cold advection mainly occurs in the situation of strong cold advection after the Sichuan-Shaanxi trough. The vertical shear of horizontal wind is large,and the vertical shear of the horizontal wind is large,and the temperature of the lower layer is required to increase rapidly. Thermal and dynamic factors are important.
引文
[1]孙继松,戴建华,何立富,等.强对流天气预报的基本原理与技术方法[M].北京:气象出版社,2014:83-93
[2]曹治强,王新.与强对流相联系的云系特征和天气背景[J].应用气象学报,2013,24(3):365-372
[3]王秀明,周小刚,俞小鼎.雷暴大风环境特征及其风暴结构影响的对比研究[J].气象学报,2013,71(5):839-852
[4]赵定池,李毅,尤伟,等.拉萨地区夏季夜间雷暴的物理量指数分析[J].气象与环境科学,2017,40(1):114-119
[5]王钦,曾波.广汉机场春季地面风的变化特征及其对飞行训练的影响[J].高原山地气象研究,2017,37(2):36-39+71
[6]代冰冰,王杰,孙亚林.丽江机场地面风场特征及气象保障分析[J].高原山地气象研究,2016,36(1):86-90
[7]王传辉,周建平,周顺武,等.近32a安徽省风速、风向分布特征[J].干旱气象,2015,33(2):236-243
[8]张治国,崔炜,白雪涛,等.第24届冬奥会海坨山赛区近两年冬季地面风场特征[J].干旱气象,2017,35(3):433-438
[9]吴紫煜,姚雯,李超,等.京津冀地区中α尺度飑线过程中大风特征分析及成因初探[J].气象与环境科学,2016,39(2):90-98
[10]郑媛媛,姚晨,郝莹,等.不同类型大尺度环流背景下强对流天气的短时临近预报预警研究[J].气象,2011,37(7):795-801
[11]钟利华,曾小团,胡宗煜,等.桂林雷暴大风临近预报研究[J].气象研究与应用,2009,30(z2):79-80
[12]蔡荣辉,姚蓉,黄小玉.洞庭湖区域雷暴大风分型及预报分析研究[J].气象,2017,43(5):560-572
[13]杨晓霞,胡顺起,姜鹏.雷暴大风落区的天气学模型和物理量参数研究[J].高原气象,2014,33(4):1057-1068
[14]周春花,青泉,师锐.21世纪以来四川强对流天气特征分析[J].高原山地气象研究,2009,29(4):40-44
[15]费海燕,王秀明,周小刚,等.中国强雷暴大风的气候特征和环境参数分析[J].气象,2016,42(12):1513-1521
[16]梁爱民,张庆红,申红喜.北京地区雷暴大风预报研究[J].气象,2006,32(11):73-80
[17]秦丽,李耀东,高守亭.北京地区雷暴大风的天气——气候学特征研究[J].气候与环境研究,2006,11(6):754-761
[2]曹治强,王新.与强对流相联系的云系特征和天气背景[J].应用气象学报,2013,24(3):365-372
[3]王秀明,周小刚,俞小鼎.雷暴大风环境特征及其风暴结构影响的对比研究[J].气象学报,2013,71(5):839-852
[4]赵定池,李毅,尤伟,等.拉萨地区夏季夜间雷暴的物理量指数分析[J].气象与环境科学,2017,40(1):114-119
[5]王钦,曾波.广汉机场春季地面风的变化特征及其对飞行训练的影响[J].高原山地气象研究,2017,37(2):36-39+71
[6]代冰冰,王杰,孙亚林.丽江机场地面风场特征及气象保障分析[J].高原山地气象研究,2016,36(1):86-90
[7]王传辉,周建平,周顺武,等.近32a安徽省风速、风向分布特征[J].干旱气象,2015,33(2):236-243
[8]张治国,崔炜,白雪涛,等.第24届冬奥会海坨山赛区近两年冬季地面风场特征[J].干旱气象,2017,35(3):433-438
[9]吴紫煜,姚雯,李超,等.京津冀地区中α尺度飑线过程中大风特征分析及成因初探[J].气象与环境科学,2016,39(2):90-98
[10]郑媛媛,姚晨,郝莹,等.不同类型大尺度环流背景下强对流天气的短时临近预报预警研究[J].气象,2011,37(7):795-801
[11]钟利华,曾小团,胡宗煜,等.桂林雷暴大风临近预报研究[J].气象研究与应用,2009,30(z2):79-80
[12]蔡荣辉,姚蓉,黄小玉.洞庭湖区域雷暴大风分型及预报分析研究[J].气象,2017,43(5):560-572
[13]杨晓霞,胡顺起,姜鹏.雷暴大风落区的天气学模型和物理量参数研究[J].高原气象,2014,33(4):1057-1068
[14]周春花,青泉,师锐.21世纪以来四川强对流天气特征分析[J].高原山地气象研究,2009,29(4):40-44
[15]费海燕,王秀明,周小刚,等.中国强雷暴大风的气候特征和环境参数分析[J].气象,2016,42(12):1513-1521
[16]梁爱民,张庆红,申红喜.北京地区雷暴大风预报研究[J].气象,2006,32(11):73-80
[17]秦丽,李耀东,高守亭.北京地区雷暴大风的天气——气候学特征研究[J].气候与环境研究,2006,11(6):754-761