生物炭与不同用量氮肥配施对小白菜生长和品质的影响
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摘要
为了明确生物炭对小白菜栽培中氮肥减量施用的作用,用0、0.25 g·kg~(-1)(以N计)施氮量的土壤以及4%(w,下同)生物炭与0、0.15、0.20、0.25 g·kg~(-1)土壤施氮量配施的土壤栽培小白菜,探讨生物炭与不同用量氮肥配施对小白菜生长、品质的影响。结果表明:(1)施用生物炭可显著降低土壤容重、EC值,提高土壤孔隙度和pH(;2)在氮肥供应充足时,施用生物炭能显著增加小白菜的叶片数、总叶面积、地上部鲜质量和干质量;(3)与0.25 g·kg~(-1)的施氮量相比,生物炭与60%用量的氮肥(0.15 g·kg~(-1)土壤)配施对小白菜的产量没有显著影响,但氮肥利用效率、可溶性蛋白含量和可溶性糖含量显著提高,硝酸盐含量显著降低。研究发现,4%生物炭与60%用量的氮肥(0.15 g·kg~(-1))土壤配施可以在保证产量的前提下,提高小白菜的品质,并实现减少氮肥施用量的目的。
In order to clarify the effect of biochar on the reduction of nitrogen fertilizer in pakchoi cultivation, pakchoi was cultivated in soils which were applicated by nitrogen fertilizer at rate of 0 and 0.25 g · kg~(-1)(based on N)and 4%(w)biochar combined with nitrogen fertilizer at rates of 0, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25 g · kg~(-1), the effects of combined application of biochar and different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and quality of pakchoi were researched. The results showed that the soil bulk density and EC values were significantly reduced, soil porosity and pH were increased after the application of biochar. When nitrogen fertilizer supply was sufficient, the number of leaves, total leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight of aerial part of pakchoi were significantly increased by application of biochar. Compared with the nitrogen fertilizer application amounts of 0.25 g · kg~(-1), the yield of pakchoi was less affected by combined application of biochar with 60% of application amounts of nitrogen fertilizer(0.15 g·kg~(-1)), but the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency,soluble protein content and soluble sugar content were significantly increased, and the nitrate content was significantly reduced. These results indicated that combined application of biochar could improve the quality of pakchoi and reduce the application amounts of nitrogen fertilizer on the premise of ensuring the yield.
In order to clarify the effect of biochar on the reduction of nitrogen fertilizer in pakchoi cultivation, pakchoi was cultivated in soils which were applicated by nitrogen fertilizer at rate of 0 and 0.25 g · kg~(-1)(based on N)and 4%(w)biochar combined with nitrogen fertilizer at rates of 0, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25 g · kg~(-1), the effects of combined application of biochar and different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and quality of pakchoi were researched. The results showed that the soil bulk density and EC values were significantly reduced, soil porosity and pH were increased after the application of biochar. When nitrogen fertilizer supply was sufficient, the number of leaves, total leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight of aerial part of pakchoi were significantly increased by application of biochar. Compared with the nitrogen fertilizer application amounts of 0.25 g · kg~(-1), the yield of pakchoi was less affected by combined application of biochar with 60% of application amounts of nitrogen fertilizer(0.15 g·kg~(-1)), but the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency,soluble protein content and soluble sugar content were significantly increased, and the nitrate content was significantly reduced. These results indicated that combined application of biochar could improve the quality of pakchoi and reduce the application amounts of nitrogen fertilizer on the premise of ensuring the yield.
引文
[1]陆景陵.植物营养学[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003:23-26.
[2]ROBERTS K G,GLOY B A,JOSEPH S,et al.Life cycle assessment of biochar systems:estimating the energetic,economic,and climate change potential[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,44(2):827-833.
[3]LI B,FAN C H,ZHANG H,et al.Combined effects of nitrogen fertilization and biochar on the net global warming potential,greenhouse gas intensity and net ecosystem economic budget in intensive vegetable agriculture in southeastern China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2015,100:10-19.
[4]赵倩雯,孟军,陈温福.生物炭对大白菜幼苗生长的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(12):2394-2401.
[5]代银分,李永梅,李丽,等.秸秆生物炭对施猪粪有机肥土壤磷流失及白菜产量的影响[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,36(11):793-799.
[6]陈森,张子谦,李婧,等.土壤镉污染下生物炭对白菜生长及植株镉浓度的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(5):129-131.
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[9]王如海,钱薇,朱小芳,等.流动注射法同时测定水中的氮磷指标[J].分析试验室,2013,32(12):32-36.
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[12]张宝峰,曾路生,李俊良,等.优化施肥处理下设施菜地土壤容重与孔隙度的变化[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(32):309-314.
[13]张芙蓉,赵丽娜,张瑞,等.生物炭对盐渍化土壤改良及甜瓜生长的影响[J].上海农业学报,2015,31(1):54-58.
[14]OGUNTUNDE P G,ABIODUN B J,AJAY A E,et al.Effects of charcoal production on soil physical properties in Ghana[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition&Soil Science,2010,171(4):591-596.
[15]LEHMANN J.Bio-energy in the Black[J].Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,2007,5(7):381-387.
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[17]武春成,王彩云,曹霞,等.不同用量生物炭对连作土壤改良及黄瓜生长的影响[J].北方园艺,2017(19):150-154.
[18]程效义,兰宇,任晓峰,等.生物炭对连作设施土壤酶活性及黄瓜根系性状的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2017,48(4):418-423.
[19]史思伟,娄翼来,杜章留,等.生物炭的10年土壤培肥效应[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018(6):16-22.
[20]吴萍萍,李录久,李敏.生物炭负载铁前后对复合污染土壤中Cd、Cu、As淋失和形态转化的影响研究[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(10):3959-3967.
[21]王光飞,马艳,郭德杰,等.不同用量秸秆生物炭对辣椒疫病防控效果及土壤性状的影响[J].土壤学报,2017,54(1):204-215.
[22]LIU X,ZHANG A,JI C,et al.Biochar’s effect on crop productivity and the dependence on experimental conditions-a meta-analysis of literature data[J].Plant&Soil,2013,373(1/2):583-594.
[23]JEFFERY S,FGA V,VAN D V M,et al.A quantitative review of the effects of biochar application to soils on crop productivity using meta-analysis[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2011,144(1):175-187.
[24]SPOKAS K A,CANTRELL K B,NOVAK J M,et al.Biochar:a synthesis of its agronomic impact beyond carbon sequestration[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2012,41(4):973-989.
[25]刘铭龙,刘晓雨,潘根兴.生物质炭对植物表型及其相关基因表达影响的研究进展[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(3):789-798.
[26]何绪生,耿增超,佘雕,等.生物炭生产与农用的意义及国内外动态[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(2):1-7.
[27]李卓瑞,韦高玲.不同生物炭添加量对土壤中氮磷淋溶损失的影响[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(2):333-338.
[28]高德才,张蕾,刘强,等.旱地土壤施用生物炭减少土壤氮损失及提高氮素利用率[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(6):54-61.
[29]ZHENG H,WANG Z,DEMG X,et al.Impacts of adding biochar on nitrogen retention and bioavailability in agricultural soil[J].Geoderma,2013,206(9):32-39.
[30]CAO X,HARRIS W.Properties of dairy-manure-derived biochar pertinent to its potential use in remediation[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101(14):5222-5228.
[31]KAMMANN C I,LINSEL S,G??LING J W,et al.Influence of biochar on drought tolerance of Chenopodium quinoa Willd and on soil-plant relations[J].Plant&Soil,2011,345(1/2):195-210.
[2]ROBERTS K G,GLOY B A,JOSEPH S,et al.Life cycle assessment of biochar systems:estimating the energetic,economic,and climate change potential[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,44(2):827-833.
[3]LI B,FAN C H,ZHANG H,et al.Combined effects of nitrogen fertilization and biochar on the net global warming potential,greenhouse gas intensity and net ecosystem economic budget in intensive vegetable agriculture in southeastern China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2015,100:10-19.
[4]赵倩雯,孟军,陈温福.生物炭对大白菜幼苗生长的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(12):2394-2401.
[5]代银分,李永梅,李丽,等.秸秆生物炭对施猪粪有机肥土壤磷流失及白菜产量的影响[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,36(11):793-799.
[6]陈森,张子谦,李婧,等.土壤镉污染下生物炭对白菜生长及植株镉浓度的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(5):129-131.
[7]廖育林.化学氮肥用量对蔬菜产量、品质及氮肥利用率影响的研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2004.
[8]崔亚男,张旭辉,刘晓雨,等.不同猪粪施用方式对小白菜生长、产量及品质的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2017,40(2):281-286.
[9]王如海,钱薇,朱小芳,等.流动注射法同时测定水中的氮磷指标[J].分析试验室,2013,32(12):32-36.
[10]ZHANG Z H,SONG H X,LIU Q,et al.Studies on differences of nitrogen efficiency and root characteristics of oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.)cultivars in relation to nitrogen fertilization[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2010,33(10):1448-1459.
[11]王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].第2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[12]张宝峰,曾路生,李俊良,等.优化施肥处理下设施菜地土壤容重与孔隙度的变化[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(32):309-314.
[13]张芙蓉,赵丽娜,张瑞,等.生物炭对盐渍化土壤改良及甜瓜生长的影响[J].上海农业学报,2015,31(1):54-58.
[14]OGUNTUNDE P G,ABIODUN B J,AJAY A E,et al.Effects of charcoal production on soil physical properties in Ghana[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition&Soil Science,2010,171(4):591-596.
[15]LEHMANN J.Bio-energy in the Black[J].Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,2007,5(7):381-387.
[16]GUL’S,WHALEN J K,THOMAS B W,et al.Physico-chemical properties and microbial responses in biochar-amended soils:mechanisms and future directions[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2015,206:46-59.
[17]武春成,王彩云,曹霞,等.不同用量生物炭对连作土壤改良及黄瓜生长的影响[J].北方园艺,2017(19):150-154.
[18]程效义,兰宇,任晓峰,等.生物炭对连作设施土壤酶活性及黄瓜根系性状的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2017,48(4):418-423.
[19]史思伟,娄翼来,杜章留,等.生物炭的10年土壤培肥效应[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018(6):16-22.
[20]吴萍萍,李录久,李敏.生物炭负载铁前后对复合污染土壤中Cd、Cu、As淋失和形态转化的影响研究[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(10):3959-3967.
[21]王光飞,马艳,郭德杰,等.不同用量秸秆生物炭对辣椒疫病防控效果及土壤性状的影响[J].土壤学报,2017,54(1):204-215.
[22]LIU X,ZHANG A,JI C,et al.Biochar’s effect on crop productivity and the dependence on experimental conditions-a meta-analysis of literature data[J].Plant&Soil,2013,373(1/2):583-594.
[23]JEFFERY S,FGA V,VAN D V M,et al.A quantitative review of the effects of biochar application to soils on crop productivity using meta-analysis[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2011,144(1):175-187.
[24]SPOKAS K A,CANTRELL K B,NOVAK J M,et al.Biochar:a synthesis of its agronomic impact beyond carbon sequestration[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2012,41(4):973-989.
[25]刘铭龙,刘晓雨,潘根兴.生物质炭对植物表型及其相关基因表达影响的研究进展[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(3):789-798.
[26]何绪生,耿增超,佘雕,等.生物炭生产与农用的意义及国内外动态[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(2):1-7.
[27]李卓瑞,韦高玲.不同生物炭添加量对土壤中氮磷淋溶损失的影响[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(2):333-338.
[28]高德才,张蕾,刘强,等.旱地土壤施用生物炭减少土壤氮损失及提高氮素利用率[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(6):54-61.
[29]ZHENG H,WANG Z,DEMG X,et al.Impacts of adding biochar on nitrogen retention and bioavailability in agricultural soil[J].Geoderma,2013,206(9):32-39.
[30]CAO X,HARRIS W.Properties of dairy-manure-derived biochar pertinent to its potential use in remediation[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101(14):5222-5228.
[31]KAMMANN C I,LINSEL S,G??LING J W,et al.Influence of biochar on drought tolerance of Chenopodium quinoa Willd and on soil-plant relations[J].Plant&Soil,2011,345(1/2):195-210.