葡萄园不同土壤管理模式对土壤理化性状及细菌群落的影响
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摘要
在山东省蓬莱市瑞枫·奥塞斯葡萄基地检测了连续7年清耕、使用除草剂、自然生草、种植狗牙草和种植高羊茅对土壤理化性状和细菌群落的影响。结果表明:相比于清耕,其他4种土壤管理模式均降低了土壤容重,以种植高羊茅最为明显;除种植狗牙草显著提高土壤p H值外,其他3种土壤管理模式对土壤p H值无显著性影响;其他4种土壤管理模式均降低了土壤电导率,以自然生草最明显,降幅达48.1%;生草不同程度地提高了土壤氮磷钾和有机质含量,使用除草剂对氮磷钾含量无显著影响,而使有机质含量降低了39.6%。与清耕相比,生草和使用除草剂均增加了土壤微生物数量和群落多样性,以种植狗牙草的土壤细菌OTU数量和多样性最高;生草提高了土壤有益菌丰度,降低了有害菌丰度,总体上看以种植狗牙草效果最为突出;使用除草剂显著降低了大多数有益菌丰度。对土壤最主要的30个细菌菌落而言,不同土壤管理模式对其产生了不同影响,高羊茅和除草剂对微生物菌属的影响最接近,狗牙草对微生物菌属的影响与其他2种草差异较大。总之,生草模式优于清耕和使用除草剂,不同草种各具优势。
Here, the five soil managements were investigated, including clear tillage, applying herbicide, widely growing-grass, man-planting Cynodond dactylon and Festuca arundinacea. The results showed that compared with the control of clear tillage, the other four soil managements and particularly Festuca arundinacea decreased bulk density.Cynodond dactylon significantly enhanced soil pH and the other three managements did not product significant effects on pH. Sowing grass and applying herbicide reduced soil electrical conductivity and particularly wildly growing-grass led to the decrement of 48.1%. Sowing grass enhanced the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter, while applying herbicide did not affect the levels of the three elements but made the organic matter decrease 39.6%. Compared with clear tillage, sowing grass and applying herbicide increased the quantity and diversity of bacterium community, and the highest quantity and diversity were found in sowing-Cynodond dactylon soil. Sowing grass and particularly Cynodond dactylon increased the quantity of the beneficial bacteria and reduced the harmful bacteria; in contrast, applying herbicide reduced most of the beneficial bacteria. As regards the top 30 bacteria communities, the different soil managements imparted distinct effects, Festuca arundinacea and herbicide led to similar effects on them, and Cynodond dactylon produced different results compared to the other two grasses. Sowing grass is better than clear tillage and applying herbicide, and different grasses have their unique advantages.
Here, the five soil managements were investigated, including clear tillage, applying herbicide, widely growing-grass, man-planting Cynodond dactylon and Festuca arundinacea. The results showed that compared with the control of clear tillage, the other four soil managements and particularly Festuca arundinacea decreased bulk density.Cynodond dactylon significantly enhanced soil pH and the other three managements did not product significant effects on pH. Sowing grass and applying herbicide reduced soil electrical conductivity and particularly wildly growing-grass led to the decrement of 48.1%. Sowing grass enhanced the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter, while applying herbicide did not affect the levels of the three elements but made the organic matter decrease 39.6%. Compared with clear tillage, sowing grass and applying herbicide increased the quantity and diversity of bacterium community, and the highest quantity and diversity were found in sowing-Cynodond dactylon soil. Sowing grass and particularly Cynodond dactylon increased the quantity of the beneficial bacteria and reduced the harmful bacteria; in contrast, applying herbicide reduced most of the beneficial bacteria. As regards the top 30 bacteria communities, the different soil managements imparted distinct effects, Festuca arundinacea and herbicide led to similar effects on them, and Cynodond dactylon produced different results compared to the other two grasses. Sowing grass is better than clear tillage and applying herbicide, and different grasses have their unique advantages.
引文
[1]刘富庭,张林森,李雪薇,等.生草对渭北旱地苹果园土壤有机碳组分及微生物的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(2):355-363.
[2]Qian X,Gu J,Pan H J,et al.Effects of living mulches on the soil nutrient contents,enzyme activities,and bacterial community diversities of apple orchard soils.European Journal of Soil Biology,2015,70:23-30.
[3]巩庆利,翟丙年,郑伟,等.渭北旱地苹果园生草覆盖下不同肥料配施对土壤养分和酶活性的影响.应用生态学报,2018,29(1):205-212.
[4]曹铨,沈禹颖,王自奎,等.生草对果园土壤理化性状的影响研究进展.草业学报,2016,25(8):180-188.
[5]李婉莹,姚远,高增贵,等.玉米田常用除草剂对主要土传病害病原菌生长的影响.江苏农业科学,2014,42(6):137-139.
[6]林文静.茶树草甘膦中毒症状及补救措施探究.山西农经,2018(15):83-84.
[7]Brussaard L,Ruiter P C D,Brown G G.Soil biodiversity for agricultural sustainability.Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2007,121(3):233-244.
[8]王岳坤,洪葵.红树林土壤细菌群落16S rDNA V3片段PCR产物的DGGE分析.微生物学报,2005,45(2):201-204.
[9]邓利廷,佟天奇,葛菁萍.不同果园土壤微生物分布与生态因子的冗余分析.中国农学通报,2017,33(9):41-47.
[10]张世缘.土壤微生物在促进植物生长方面的作用.生物化工,2017,3(1):54-56.
[11]王艳廷,冀晓昊,吴玉森,等.我国果园生草的研究进展.应用生态学报,2015,26(6):1892-1900.
[12]杜毅飞.渭北苹果园生草土壤微生物群落变化特征研究.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[13]钱雅丽,梁志婷,曹铨,等.陇东旱作果园生草对土壤细菌群落组成的影响.生态学杂志,2018,37(10):3010-3017.
[14]傅聿青,李江,李建安,等.生草栽培对油茶林地土壤养分特征和微生物及酶活性的影响.经济林研究,2018,36(3):82-88.
[15]岳泰新,惠竹梅,孙莹,等.行间生草对葡萄园土壤微生物学特征的影响.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2009,37(9):100-104.
[16]赵世杰,苍晶.植物生理学实验指导.北京:中国农业出版社,2016.
[17]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[18]郭仁松,林涛,马君,等.新疆连作棉田耕层土壤理化指标研究.中国农学通报,2018,34(5):69-73.
[19]陈学森,毛志泉,姜远茂,等.我国苹果产业节本增效关键技术Ⅲ:果园生草培肥地力技术.中国果树,2017(3):1-4.
[20]王燕,王小彬,刘爽,等.保护性耕作及其对土壤有机碳的影响.中国生态农业学报,2008,16(3):766-771.
[21]梁春莉,崔佟.生草对酿酒葡萄园土壤理化性质的影响.辽宁农业职业技术学院学报,2017,19(5):1-3.
[22]朱德昌.免深耕生草覆盖优点(三).陕西科技报,2018-10-26(006).
[23]周世雄,魏朝俊,胡海燕,等.氟磺胺草醚对大豆根际土壤微生物和酶活性的影响及其在根际的降解.植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(1):203-211.
[24]侯丽丽.草甘膦对葡萄的危害及残留研究.石河子:石河子大学,2018.
[25]麦靖雯,黎瑞君,张巨明.植物根际促生菌研究综述.现代农业科技,2018(12):179-180,183.
[26]Ahmad F,Ahmad I,Khan M S.Screening of free-living rhizospheric bacteria for their multiple plant growth promoting activities.Microbiological Research,2008,163(2):173-181.
[27]张晓波.草地早熟禾根际促生菌(PGPR)特性及根际微生物区系研究.北京:北京林业大学,2008.
[28]李欣,黄芳,常旭,等.醋酸菌的营养特性分析及研究进展.食品研究与开发,2018,39(15):219-224.
[29]Dick R P.Long-term effects of agricultural systems on soil biochemical and microbial parameters.Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,1992,40(1/4):25-36.
[30]惠竹梅,李华,龙妍,等.葡萄园行间生草体系中土壤微生物数量的变化及其与土壤养分的关系.园艺学报,2010,37(9):1395-1402.
[31]张翠翠,张少伟,常介田.葡萄园行间生草对土壤养分及微生物的影响.北方园艺,2013(3):181-184.
[32]王富荣,龚林忠,何华平,等.秋冬季生草对葡萄园土壤肥力的影响.安徽农学通报,2017,23(23):43-44,54.
[33]Rodri?guez-Loinaz G,Onaindia M,Amezaga I,et al.Relationship between vegetation diversity and soil functional diversity in native mixed-oak forests.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2008,40:49-60.
[34]刘光春,杜远鹏,贾明波,等.葡萄园自然生草效应.河北林业科技,2014(Z1):57-60.
[35]罗建华.枣园生草对土壤微生物多样性的影响.防护林科技,2016(8):19-21.
[36]孙淑清,刘限,姚远,等.莠去津和烟嘧磺隆对玉米田土壤微生物的影响.农药,2014,53(4):276-279.
[37]陈先茂.红壤旱地施用芽前除草剂对作物生长及土壤质量的影响.南昌:江西农业大学,2011.
[2]Qian X,Gu J,Pan H J,et al.Effects of living mulches on the soil nutrient contents,enzyme activities,and bacterial community diversities of apple orchard soils.European Journal of Soil Biology,2015,70:23-30.
[3]巩庆利,翟丙年,郑伟,等.渭北旱地苹果园生草覆盖下不同肥料配施对土壤养分和酶活性的影响.应用生态学报,2018,29(1):205-212.
[4]曹铨,沈禹颖,王自奎,等.生草对果园土壤理化性状的影响研究进展.草业学报,2016,25(8):180-188.
[5]李婉莹,姚远,高增贵,等.玉米田常用除草剂对主要土传病害病原菌生长的影响.江苏农业科学,2014,42(6):137-139.
[6]林文静.茶树草甘膦中毒症状及补救措施探究.山西农经,2018(15):83-84.
[7]Brussaard L,Ruiter P C D,Brown G G.Soil biodiversity for agricultural sustainability.Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2007,121(3):233-244.
[8]王岳坤,洪葵.红树林土壤细菌群落16S rDNA V3片段PCR产物的DGGE分析.微生物学报,2005,45(2):201-204.
[9]邓利廷,佟天奇,葛菁萍.不同果园土壤微生物分布与生态因子的冗余分析.中国农学通报,2017,33(9):41-47.
[10]张世缘.土壤微生物在促进植物生长方面的作用.生物化工,2017,3(1):54-56.
[11]王艳廷,冀晓昊,吴玉森,等.我国果园生草的研究进展.应用生态学报,2015,26(6):1892-1900.
[12]杜毅飞.渭北苹果园生草土壤微生物群落变化特征研究.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[13]钱雅丽,梁志婷,曹铨,等.陇东旱作果园生草对土壤细菌群落组成的影响.生态学杂志,2018,37(10):3010-3017.
[14]傅聿青,李江,李建安,等.生草栽培对油茶林地土壤养分特征和微生物及酶活性的影响.经济林研究,2018,36(3):82-88.
[15]岳泰新,惠竹梅,孙莹,等.行间生草对葡萄园土壤微生物学特征的影响.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2009,37(9):100-104.
[16]赵世杰,苍晶.植物生理学实验指导.北京:中国农业出版社,2016.
[17]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[18]郭仁松,林涛,马君,等.新疆连作棉田耕层土壤理化指标研究.中国农学通报,2018,34(5):69-73.
[19]陈学森,毛志泉,姜远茂,等.我国苹果产业节本增效关键技术Ⅲ:果园生草培肥地力技术.中国果树,2017(3):1-4.
[20]王燕,王小彬,刘爽,等.保护性耕作及其对土壤有机碳的影响.中国生态农业学报,2008,16(3):766-771.
[21]梁春莉,崔佟.生草对酿酒葡萄园土壤理化性质的影响.辽宁农业职业技术学院学报,2017,19(5):1-3.
[22]朱德昌.免深耕生草覆盖优点(三).陕西科技报,2018-10-26(006).
[23]周世雄,魏朝俊,胡海燕,等.氟磺胺草醚对大豆根际土壤微生物和酶活性的影响及其在根际的降解.植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(1):203-211.
[24]侯丽丽.草甘膦对葡萄的危害及残留研究.石河子:石河子大学,2018.
[25]麦靖雯,黎瑞君,张巨明.植物根际促生菌研究综述.现代农业科技,2018(12):179-180,183.
[26]Ahmad F,Ahmad I,Khan M S.Screening of free-living rhizospheric bacteria for their multiple plant growth promoting activities.Microbiological Research,2008,163(2):173-181.
[27]张晓波.草地早熟禾根际促生菌(PGPR)特性及根际微生物区系研究.北京:北京林业大学,2008.
[28]李欣,黄芳,常旭,等.醋酸菌的营养特性分析及研究进展.食品研究与开发,2018,39(15):219-224.
[29]Dick R P.Long-term effects of agricultural systems on soil biochemical and microbial parameters.Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,1992,40(1/4):25-36.
[30]惠竹梅,李华,龙妍,等.葡萄园行间生草体系中土壤微生物数量的变化及其与土壤养分的关系.园艺学报,2010,37(9):1395-1402.
[31]张翠翠,张少伟,常介田.葡萄园行间生草对土壤养分及微生物的影响.北方园艺,2013(3):181-184.
[32]王富荣,龚林忠,何华平,等.秋冬季生草对葡萄园土壤肥力的影响.安徽农学通报,2017,23(23):43-44,54.
[33]Rodri?guez-Loinaz G,Onaindia M,Amezaga I,et al.Relationship between vegetation diversity and soil functional diversity in native mixed-oak forests.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2008,40:49-60.
[34]刘光春,杜远鹏,贾明波,等.葡萄园自然生草效应.河北林业科技,2014(Z1):57-60.
[35]罗建华.枣园生草对土壤微生物多样性的影响.防护林科技,2016(8):19-21.
[36]孙淑清,刘限,姚远,等.莠去津和烟嘧磺隆对玉米田土壤微生物的影响.农药,2014,53(4):276-279.
[37]陈先茂.红壤旱地施用芽前除草剂对作物生长及土壤质量的影响.南昌:江西农业大学,2011.