高校宿舍潮湿和主观感知气味与大学生过敏性疾病及症状的关系研究
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摘要
目的分析高校宿舍潮湿和主观感知气味与大学生过敏性疾病及症状的关系。方法于2015年10—11月选取北京某高校890间宿舍1 727名17～28岁大学生,以问卷方式调查大学生过敏性疾病及症状、宿舍内潮湿表征和主观感知气味情况,并进行多因素回归分析。结果在所调查的大学生中,过敏性疾病及症状的自我报告率为2.0%～41.4%,潮湿表征的发生率为10.1%～77.6%,主观感知气味的发生率为27.6%～62.0%。在出现潮湿表征的宿舍中,不良感知气味发生率均高于无潮湿表征的宿舍,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);感觉空气干燥的发生率高于无潮湿表征的宿舍,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。宿舍潮湿表征与多种疾病症状相关,窗户凝水与近12个月患鼻炎的OR值最低,为1.30(95%CI:1.03～1.65);主观感知气味与多种疾病症状相关,烟草味与近12个月患鼻炎的OR值最低,为1.28(95%CI:1.03～1.59)。结论高校宿舍潮湿表征和主观感知气味是大学生过敏性疾病及症状的潜在危险因素,应加强大学生健康教育,并采取措施改善大学生宿舍环境。
Objective To analyze the effects of the dampness and perceived odor in dormitories on allergic diseases and symptom among students in a university. Methods A total of 890 dormitories and 1 727 college students aged 17-28 were chosen from a university in Beijing in Oct. 2015. The dampness characterization and perceived odor in the dormitories and the prevalence rates of allergic diseases and symptoms among college students were investigated by the questionnaire and the multiple regression analysis for the data was conducted. Results The prevalence rates of allergic diseases and symptoms were 2.0%-41.4%,the rates of self-report dampness characterization and perceived odor were 10.1%-77.6% and 27.6%-62.0%respectively.The frequency of perceived odor and dry air in dormitories with dampness was significantly higher than that without dampness(P<0.01). The dampness and perceived odor in the dormitories was significantly correlated with multiple diseases and symptoms,rhinitis in recent 12 months was associated with window condensate[OR=1.30(95%CI:1.03-1.65)] and tobacco flavor [OR=1.28(95%CI:1.03-1.59)] with the lowest level among various factors. Conclusion The dampness and perceived odor in the dormitories are the potential risk factors for allergic diseases and symptoms for college students,health education and the indoor environment improvement should be strengthened in dormitories.
Objective To analyze the effects of the dampness and perceived odor in dormitories on allergic diseases and symptom among students in a university. Methods A total of 890 dormitories and 1 727 college students aged 17-28 were chosen from a university in Beijing in Oct. 2015. The dampness characterization and perceived odor in the dormitories and the prevalence rates of allergic diseases and symptoms among college students were investigated by the questionnaire and the multiple regression analysis for the data was conducted. Results The prevalence rates of allergic diseases and symptoms were 2.0%-41.4%,the rates of self-report dampness characterization and perceived odor were 10.1%-77.6% and 27.6%-62.0%respectively.The frequency of perceived odor and dry air in dormitories with dampness was significantly higher than that without dampness(P<0.01). The dampness and perceived odor in the dormitories was significantly correlated with multiple diseases and symptoms,rhinitis in recent 12 months was associated with window condensate[OR=1.30(95%CI:1.03-1.65)] and tobacco flavor [OR=1.28(95%CI:1.03-1.59)] with the lowest level among various factors. Conclusion The dampness and perceived odor in the dormitories are the potential risk factors for allergic diseases and symptoms for college students,health education and the indoor environment improvement should be strengthened in dormitories.
引文
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[13]王晗,李百战,阳琴,等.重庆地区住宅室内潮湿问题和儿童哮喘及过敏性疾病的相关性分析:横断面调查[J].科学通报,2013,58(9):2584-2591.
[14]张铭,周鄂生,叶新,等.武汉地区室内环境质量与儿童哮喘和过敏性鼻炎患病率的关系[J].科学通报,2013,58(25):2548-2553.
[15]赵卓慧,张昕,刘冉冉,等.太原市学龄前儿童哮喘、过敏性鼻炎及湿疹与出生前及早期家居环境的相关性[J].科学通报,2013,58(25):2570-2576.
[16]王婷婷,赵卓慧,姚华,等.住房特征及室内环境与乌鲁木齐儿童哮喘、过敏性疾病及肺炎的相关性[J].科学通报,2013,58(25):2561-2569.
[17]马丽,王立鑫,申晓燕,等.北京市某高校冬季宿舍空气质量状况[J].中国学校卫生,2016,37(3):470-472.
[18]李炜,刘芳,陈宝明.多层墙体内部湿迁移对传热的影响[J].建筑科学,2017,33(8):117-122.
[19]李炳华.室内温湿度对组合墙体内部湿积累影响分析[J].福建建筑,2016(9):76-79.
[20]李炳华.多层组合墙体内部热湿环境对霉菌生产的影响分析[D].长沙:湖南大学,2011.
[21]Rumchev KB,Spickett JT,Bulsara MK,et al.Domestic exposure to formaldehyde significantly increases the risk of asthma in young children[J].Europ Resp J,2002,20:403-408.
[22]Bornehag CG,Sundell J,Bonini S,et al.Dampness in buildings as a risk factor for health effects,EUROEXPO:a multidisciplinary review of the literature(1998-2000)on dampness and mite exposure in buildings and health effects[J].Indoor Air,2004,14:243-257.
[23]Meklin T,Potus T,Pekkanen J,et al.Effects of moisture damage repairs on microbial exposure and symptoms in school children[J].Indoor Air,2005,15:40-47.
[24]里坤·木扎帕尔,徐陪茹,塔吉古丽,等.居室空气污染与儿童哮喘关系探讨[J].临床儿科杂志,2007,25(1):20-22.
[25]Mendell MJ,Mirer AG,Kerry C,et al.Respiratory and allergic health effects of dampness,mold,and dampness-related agents:a review of the epidemiologic evidence[J].Environ Health Perspect,2011,119:748-756.
[26]Sun Y,Zhang Y,Sundell J,et al.Dampness in dorm rooms and its associations with allergy and airways infections among college students in China:a cross-sectional study[J].Indoor Air,2009,9:348-356.
[27]郑晓红,沈红萍,钱华,等.住宅室内空气品质感知和加湿器使用与儿童过敏性症状及疾病的关系[J].环境与健康杂志,2012,29(12):1101-1104.
[28]Sundell J,Lindvall T.Indoor air humidity and sensation of dryness as risk indicators of SBS[J].Indoor Air,1993,3:382-390.
[29]Fang L,Wyon DP,Clausen G,et al.Impact of indoor air temperature and humidity in an office on perceived air quality,SBS symptoms and performance[J].Indoor Air,2004,14:74-81.
[30]Rumchev KB,Spickett JT,Bulsara MK,et al.Association of domestic exposure to volatile organic compounds with asthma in young children[J].Thorax,2004,59:746-751.
[31]Penard-Morand C,Raherison C,Charpin D,et al.Long-term exposure to close-proximity air pollution and asthma and allergies in urban children[J].Europ Res J,2010,36:33-40.
[32]Annesi-Maesano I,Hulin M,Lavaud F,et al.Poor air quality in classrooms related to asthma and rhinitis in primary school children of the French 6 cities study[J].Thorax,2012,67:682-688.
[2]孙越霞.宿舍环境因素与大学生过敏性疾病关系的研究[D].天津:天津大学,2007.
[3]唐飚,陆细军,黄春华.我国高校学生宿舍模式探讨[J].青岛建筑工程学院学报,2003,24(3):37-40.
[4]郭冬招,林殷永,王顺平,等.佛山市大学生变应性鼻炎的流行病学调查[J].中国学校卫生,2009,30(7):649-650.
[5]尹悦,刘堂喻亨,李晓珍,等.天津大学生过敏性疾病的调研与分析[J].实用检验医师杂志,2014,6(2):91-94.
[6]姜赛芝,钱燕,叶钊,等.医学生过敏性疾病发病与生命早期因素分析[J].中国学生卫生,2011,32(3):312-314.
[7]丁敏,陈育智,赵峰仓,等.西藏民族学院学生过敏性鼻炎患病情况[J].中国学校卫生,2010,31(11):1389-1390.
[8]胡弯.高校宿舍环境与学生健康关系的研究[D].南京:南京师范大学,2014.
[9]The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood(ISAAC)Steering Committee.Worldwide variation in prevalence of symptoms of asthma,allergic rhinoconjunctivitis,and atopic eczema:ISAAC[J].Lancet,1998,351:1225-1232.
[10]Sun YX,Sundell J.On associations between housing characteristics,dampness and asthma and allergies among children in northeast Texas[J].Indoor Built Environ,2013,22:678-684.
[11]Bornehag CG,Sundell J,Sigsgaard T.Dampness in buildings and health(DBH):report from an ongoing epidemiological investigation on the association between indoor environmental factors and health effects among children in Sweden[J].Indoor Air,2004,14:59-66.
[12]Naydenov K,Melikov A,Markov D,et al.A comparison between occupants’and inspectors’reports on home dampness and their association with the health of children:the ALLHOME study[J].Build Environ,2008,43:1840-1849.
[13]王晗,李百战,阳琴,等.重庆地区住宅室内潮湿问题和儿童哮喘及过敏性疾病的相关性分析:横断面调查[J].科学通报,2013,58(9):2584-2591.
[14]张铭,周鄂生,叶新,等.武汉地区室内环境质量与儿童哮喘和过敏性鼻炎患病率的关系[J].科学通报,2013,58(25):2548-2553.
[15]赵卓慧,张昕,刘冉冉,等.太原市学龄前儿童哮喘、过敏性鼻炎及湿疹与出生前及早期家居环境的相关性[J].科学通报,2013,58(25):2570-2576.
[16]王婷婷,赵卓慧,姚华,等.住房特征及室内环境与乌鲁木齐儿童哮喘、过敏性疾病及肺炎的相关性[J].科学通报,2013,58(25):2561-2569.
[17]马丽,王立鑫,申晓燕,等.北京市某高校冬季宿舍空气质量状况[J].中国学校卫生,2016,37(3):470-472.
[18]李炜,刘芳,陈宝明.多层墙体内部湿迁移对传热的影响[J].建筑科学,2017,33(8):117-122.
[19]李炳华.室内温湿度对组合墙体内部湿积累影响分析[J].福建建筑,2016(9):76-79.
[20]李炳华.多层组合墙体内部热湿环境对霉菌生产的影响分析[D].长沙:湖南大学,2011.
[21]Rumchev KB,Spickett JT,Bulsara MK,et al.Domestic exposure to formaldehyde significantly increases the risk of asthma in young children[J].Europ Resp J,2002,20:403-408.
[22]Bornehag CG,Sundell J,Bonini S,et al.Dampness in buildings as a risk factor for health effects,EUROEXPO:a multidisciplinary review of the literature(1998-2000)on dampness and mite exposure in buildings and health effects[J].Indoor Air,2004,14:243-257.
[23]Meklin T,Potus T,Pekkanen J,et al.Effects of moisture damage repairs on microbial exposure and symptoms in school children[J].Indoor Air,2005,15:40-47.
[24]里坤·木扎帕尔,徐陪茹,塔吉古丽,等.居室空气污染与儿童哮喘关系探讨[J].临床儿科杂志,2007,25(1):20-22.
[25]Mendell MJ,Mirer AG,Kerry C,et al.Respiratory and allergic health effects of dampness,mold,and dampness-related agents:a review of the epidemiologic evidence[J].Environ Health Perspect,2011,119:748-756.
[26]Sun Y,Zhang Y,Sundell J,et al.Dampness in dorm rooms and its associations with allergy and airways infections among college students in China:a cross-sectional study[J].Indoor Air,2009,9:348-356.
[27]郑晓红,沈红萍,钱华,等.住宅室内空气品质感知和加湿器使用与儿童过敏性症状及疾病的关系[J].环境与健康杂志,2012,29(12):1101-1104.
[28]Sundell J,Lindvall T.Indoor air humidity and sensation of dryness as risk indicators of SBS[J].Indoor Air,1993,3:382-390.
[29]Fang L,Wyon DP,Clausen G,et al.Impact of indoor air temperature and humidity in an office on perceived air quality,SBS symptoms and performance[J].Indoor Air,2004,14:74-81.
[30]Rumchev KB,Spickett JT,Bulsara MK,et al.Association of domestic exposure to volatile organic compounds with asthma in young children[J].Thorax,2004,59:746-751.
[31]Penard-Morand C,Raherison C,Charpin D,et al.Long-term exposure to close-proximity air pollution and asthma and allergies in urban children[J].Europ Res J,2010,36:33-40.
[32]Annesi-Maesano I,Hulin M,Lavaud F,et al.Poor air quality in classrooms related to asthma and rhinitis in primary school children of the French 6 cities study[J].Thorax,2012,67:682-688.