潜在影响防城港核电冷源系统的藻类暴发特点及其监测防控技术
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摘要
2014年底,在广西防城港核电厂一期工程1号机组热试期间,核电厂所在的冷源水取水海域钦州湾暴发了球形棕囊藻赤潮,赤潮严重时出现了冷却水系统堵塞现象,严重威胁到核电的安全。本次由藻类引发的威胁核电冷源安全的事件在国内尚属首例,以往人们更多关注核电的温排水对附近海域生物的影响,而反过来,生物对核电正常运行的潜在影响相比之下缺少研究。在此背景下,本文通过研究历史调查资料,对潜在影响防城港核电冷源系统的藻类及其暴发特点进行初步分析,以大规模暴发时易成囊、成团、成簇以堵塞核电冷源入水作为筛选标准,筛选出球形棕囊藻、束毛藻、夜光藻和浒苔几种潜在威胁种,进一步对潜在威胁种的预警监测和防控方法进行初步介绍,以达到早期预防、保障核电冷源系统安全用水的目的,并为其他核电厂提供参考。
At the end of 2014 when the hot test of unit 1 of the nuclear power plant in Fangchenggang, Guangxi, a red tide by Phaeocystis globosa bloom in the Qinzhou Bay in which of the nuclear power plant situated, the cooling-water inlet was congested heavily by the blooming species and the safety of the plant operation was affected considerably. In this paper, we accessed the potential risk of phytoplankton bloom on the cooling water system. Several potential threating species were analyzed, including Phaeocystis globosa, Trichodesmium sp., Noctiluca scintillans, and Ulva prolifera. In addition, the screening, monitoring, and controlling to prevent such a congestion from happening were introduced to ensure the safe operation of the power plant.
At the end of 2014 when the hot test of unit 1 of the nuclear power plant in Fangchenggang, Guangxi, a red tide by Phaeocystis globosa bloom in the Qinzhou Bay in which of the nuclear power plant situated, the cooling-water inlet was congested heavily by the blooming species and the safety of the plant operation was affected considerably. In this paper, we accessed the potential risk of phytoplankton bloom on the cooling water system. Several potential threating species were analyzed, including Phaeocystis globosa, Trichodesmium sp., Noctiluca scintillans, and Ulva prolifera. In addition, the screening, monitoring, and controlling to prevent such a congestion from happening were introduced to ensure the safe operation of the power plant.
引文
广西壮族自治区海洋和渔业厅,2011.广西壮族自治区2011年海洋环境质量公报.http://www.gxoa.gov.cn/gxhyj_haiyanggongbao/2018/03/12/88f669d993064757b57f46dcf6536b35.html
广西壮族自治区海洋和渔业厅,2017.广西壮族自治区2017年海洋环境状况公报.http://www.gxoa.gov.cn/gxhyj_haiyanggongbao/2018/06/29/8e32bc2f82b34f43a1169618b8846075.html
马继先,于学颖,李丽芳等,2017.钦州湾海域夜光藻赤潮发生区水文气象因子变化研究.广东化工,44(7):90-92
王梅,2006.球形棕囊藻定量方法及盐度、N、P、Fe对其生长的影响.广州:暨南大学硕士学位论文
王小冬,2010.棕囊藻囊体形成及对环境压力的响应.青岛:中国海洋大学博士学位论文
王晓坤,马家海,叶道才等,2017.浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifera)生活史的初步研究.海洋通报,26(5):112-116
王符菁,林元烧,曹文清等,2015.北部湾北部浮游植物群落结构及其与营养盐的关系.热带海洋学报,34(6):73-85
邓坤,2013.光照、营养盐限制及硅藻和甲藻对球形棕囊藻生活史的影响.广州:暨南大学硕士学位论文
刘峰,逄少军,2012.黄海浒苔绿潮及其溯源研究进展.海洋科学进展,30(3):441-449
李涛,刘胜,黄良民等,2008.大亚湾红海束毛藻赤潮生消过程研究.海洋环境科学,27(3):224-227
李靖,孙雷,宋秀贤等,2015.改性粘土对浒苔(Ulva prolifera)微观繁殖体去除效果及萌发的影响.海洋与湖沼,46(2):345-350
李小敏,张敬怀,刘国强,2009.涠洲岛附近海域一次红海束毛藻赤潮生消过程分析.广西科学,16(2):188-192
李瑞香,吴晓文,韦钦胜等,2009.不同营养盐条件下浒苔的生长.海洋科学进展,27(2):211-216
邱丽霞,俞志明,曹西华等,2017.改性粘土对球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa)和东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)的去除作用.海洋与湖沼,48(5):982-989
沈萍萍,王艳,齐雨藻等,2000.球形棕囊藻的生长特性及生活史研究.水生生物学报,24(6):635-643
张悦,宋秀贤,李靖等,2016.不同体系改性粘土对浒苔(Ulva prolifera)微观繁殖体去除及萌发的影响.海洋学报,38(8):93-102
张燕英,董俊德,王汉奎等,2007.海洋蓝藻束毛藻的研究进展.海洋科学,31(3):84-88
陈汉辉,杞桑,1991.夜光藻摄食和营养繁殖的昼夜节律.暨南大学学报,12(3):104-107,111
国家环境保护总局,2005.2005中国环境状况公报.http://www.mee.gov.cn/hjzl/zghjzkgb/lnzghjzkgb/
南卫,罗丽娟,马玉华等,2018.滨海核电厂冷却水过滤设备配置方案探讨.给水排水,54(11):57-59
钱宏林,梁松,齐雨藻等,1994.南海北部沿海夜光藻赤潮的生态模式研究.生态科学,(1):39-46
徐兆礼,叶属峰,徐韧,2009.2008年中国浒苔灾害成因条件和过程推测.水产学报,33(3):430-437
曹西华,俞志明,邱丽霞,2017.改性黏土法消除球形棕囊藻赤潮的现场实验与效果评估.海洋与湖沼,48(4):753-759
谢健,李锦蓉,吕颂辉等,1993.夜光藻赤潮与环境因子的关系.海洋通报,12(2):1-6
魏新渝,王一川,张琨等,2018.电厂温排水对水生生物影响评价综述.水生态学杂志,39(2):1-10
Karl D,Michaels A,Bergman B et al,2002.Dinitrogen fixation in the world's oceans.Biogeochemistry,57(1):47-98
Lugomela C,Lyimo T J,Bryceson I et al,2002.Trichodesmium in coastal waters of Tanzania:diversity,seasonality,nitrogen and carbon fixation.Hydrobiologia,477(1-3):1-13
Qi L,Hu C M,Xing Q G et al,2016.Long-term trend of Ulva prolifera blooms in the western Yellow Sea.Harmful Algae,58:35-44
Sabeur H I,Wafa F S,Asma H et al,2016.Long term characterization of Trichodesmium erythraeum blooms in Gabès Gulf(Tunisia).Continental Shelf Research,124:95-103
Subramaniam A,Brown C W,Hood R R et al,2002.Detecting Trichodesmium blooms in SeaWiFS imagery.Deep Sea Research Part II-Topical Studies in Oceanography,49(1-3):107-121
Yu Z M,Song X X,Cao X H et al,2017.Mitigation of harmful algal blooms using modified clays:theory,mechanisms,and applications.Harmful Algae,69:48-64
广西壮族自治区海洋和渔业厅,2017.广西壮族自治区2017年海洋环境状况公报.http://www.gxoa.gov.cn/gxhyj_haiyanggongbao/2018/06/29/8e32bc2f82b34f43a1169618b8846075.html
马继先,于学颖,李丽芳等,2017.钦州湾海域夜光藻赤潮发生区水文气象因子变化研究.广东化工,44(7):90-92
王梅,2006.球形棕囊藻定量方法及盐度、N、P、Fe对其生长的影响.广州:暨南大学硕士学位论文
王小冬,2010.棕囊藻囊体形成及对环境压力的响应.青岛:中国海洋大学博士学位论文
王晓坤,马家海,叶道才等,2017.浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifera)生活史的初步研究.海洋通报,26(5):112-116
王符菁,林元烧,曹文清等,2015.北部湾北部浮游植物群落结构及其与营养盐的关系.热带海洋学报,34(6):73-85
邓坤,2013.光照、营养盐限制及硅藻和甲藻对球形棕囊藻生活史的影响.广州:暨南大学硕士学位论文
刘峰,逄少军,2012.黄海浒苔绿潮及其溯源研究进展.海洋科学进展,30(3):441-449
李涛,刘胜,黄良民等,2008.大亚湾红海束毛藻赤潮生消过程研究.海洋环境科学,27(3):224-227
李靖,孙雷,宋秀贤等,2015.改性粘土对浒苔(Ulva prolifera)微观繁殖体去除效果及萌发的影响.海洋与湖沼,46(2):345-350
李小敏,张敬怀,刘国强,2009.涠洲岛附近海域一次红海束毛藻赤潮生消过程分析.广西科学,16(2):188-192
李瑞香,吴晓文,韦钦胜等,2009.不同营养盐条件下浒苔的生长.海洋科学进展,27(2):211-216
邱丽霞,俞志明,曹西华等,2017.改性粘土对球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa)和东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)的去除作用.海洋与湖沼,48(5):982-989
沈萍萍,王艳,齐雨藻等,2000.球形棕囊藻的生长特性及生活史研究.水生生物学报,24(6):635-643
张悦,宋秀贤,李靖等,2016.不同体系改性粘土对浒苔(Ulva prolifera)微观繁殖体去除及萌发的影响.海洋学报,38(8):93-102
张燕英,董俊德,王汉奎等,2007.海洋蓝藻束毛藻的研究进展.海洋科学,31(3):84-88
陈汉辉,杞桑,1991.夜光藻摄食和营养繁殖的昼夜节律.暨南大学学报,12(3):104-107,111
国家环境保护总局,2005.2005中国环境状况公报.http://www.mee.gov.cn/hjzl/zghjzkgb/lnzghjzkgb/
南卫,罗丽娟,马玉华等,2018.滨海核电厂冷却水过滤设备配置方案探讨.给水排水,54(11):57-59
钱宏林,梁松,齐雨藻等,1994.南海北部沿海夜光藻赤潮的生态模式研究.生态科学,(1):39-46
徐兆礼,叶属峰,徐韧,2009.2008年中国浒苔灾害成因条件和过程推测.水产学报,33(3):430-437
曹西华,俞志明,邱丽霞,2017.改性黏土法消除球形棕囊藻赤潮的现场实验与效果评估.海洋与湖沼,48(4):753-759
谢健,李锦蓉,吕颂辉等,1993.夜光藻赤潮与环境因子的关系.海洋通报,12(2):1-6
魏新渝,王一川,张琨等,2018.电厂温排水对水生生物影响评价综述.水生态学杂志,39(2):1-10
Karl D,Michaels A,Bergman B et al,2002.Dinitrogen fixation in the world's oceans.Biogeochemistry,57(1):47-98
Lugomela C,Lyimo T J,Bryceson I et al,2002.Trichodesmium in coastal waters of Tanzania:diversity,seasonality,nitrogen and carbon fixation.Hydrobiologia,477(1-3):1-13
Qi L,Hu C M,Xing Q G et al,2016.Long-term trend of Ulva prolifera blooms in the western Yellow Sea.Harmful Algae,58:35-44
Sabeur H I,Wafa F S,Asma H et al,2016.Long term characterization of Trichodesmium erythraeum blooms in Gabès Gulf(Tunisia).Continental Shelf Research,124:95-103
Subramaniam A,Brown C W,Hood R R et al,2002.Detecting Trichodesmium blooms in SeaWiFS imagery.Deep Sea Research Part II-Topical Studies in Oceanography,49(1-3):107-121
Yu Z M,Song X X,Cao X H et al,2017.Mitigation of harmful algal blooms using modified clays:theory,mechanisms,and applications.Harmful Algae,69:48-64