《白驹》主旨考证
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摘要
《小雅·白驹》的主旨,迄今为止主要有饯友说、讽刺说、慕贤说、恋情说和留客说。其分歧主要源于对《诗经》的研究方法、对诗歌的历史文化背景、作诗对象身份及"絷""期"两字的理解不同。结合文献对诸侯朝觐礼的记载,探究诗歌文本上下逻辑关系,得出结论:《白驹》是一首燕飨诗,意在昭显天子对诸侯的恩德并警示诸侯安治国家、维护中央集权。
The theme of White Colt has been interpreted as a farewell to friends,a satire,the admiration for worthy people,the expression of love,and a persuasion to stay.Their differences mainly stem from the diverse understandings of research method,historical and cultural background,identity of objects and the explanation of the word "絷" and "期" in the Book of Songs.This paper explores the logic relationship of different parts of text based on the records regarding the pilgrimage of the feudal princes in the literature.It concludes "絷" as binding horse legs for the purpose of taking care of horses,while "期" is an empty word.White Colt is a banquet poem that intends to show the grace of emperor,warn vassal states to rule their states carefully,and safeguard the centralization of state power.
The theme of White Colt has been interpreted as a farewell to friends,a satire,the admiration for worthy people,the expression of love,and a persuasion to stay.Their differences mainly stem from the diverse understandings of research method,historical and cultural background,identity of objects and the explanation of the word "絷" and "期" in the Book of Songs.This paper explores the logic relationship of different parts of text based on the records regarding the pilgrimage of the feudal princes in the literature.It concludes "絷" as binding horse legs for the purpose of taking care of horses,while "期" is an empty word.White Colt is a banquet poem that intends to show the grace of emperor,warn vassal states to rule their states carefully,and safeguard the centralization of state power.
引文
[1]毛诗正义[M].[汉]毛亨,传.[汉]郑玄,笺.[唐]孔颖达,疏,[清]阮元,校刻.台北:艺文印书馆影印清嘉庆二十年(1815)江西书局刊本,1965.
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[3][清]龚橙.诗本谊[C]∥续修四库全书·经部·诗类(第73册).上海:上海古籍出版社,2002.
[4][清]朱谋.诗故[C]∥四库全书·经部·诗类(第79册).台北:商务印书馆,1986.
[5][清]杨名时.诗经札记[C]∥四库全书·经部·诗类(第87册).台北:商务印书馆,1986.
[6][清]牟庭.诗切:第五册[M].济南:齐鲁书社,1983.
[7][宋]戴溪.续吕氏家塾读诗记[C]∥四库全书·经部·诗类(第73册).台北:商务印书馆,1986.
[8][清]贺贻孙.诗触[C]∥续修四库全书·经部·诗类(第61册).上海:上海古籍出版社,2002.
[9][清]牟应震.诗问[C]∥续修四库全书·经部·诗类(第65册).上海:上海古籍出版社,2002.
[10][明]何楷.诗经世本古义[C]∥四库全书·经部·诗类(第81册).台北:商务印书馆,1986.
[11][明]邹忠胤.诗传阐[C]∥四库全书存目丛书·经部·诗类(第65册).济南:齐鲁书社,1997.
[12][清]方玉润.诗经原始[M].李耕先,点校.北京:中华书局,1986.
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[17][晋]陆云.陆世龙集[C]∥四库全书·集部·别集类(第1063册).台北:商务印书馆,1986.
[18][明]钱澄之.田间诗学[C]∥四库全书·经部·诗类(第84册).台北:商务印书馆,1986.
[19]顾颉刚,编.古史辨:第三册M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1981
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[23][清]马瑞辰.毛诗传笺通释[M].陈金生,点校.北京:中华书局,1989.
[24][清]许慎.说文解字注[M].[清]段玉裁,注.上海:上海古籍出版社,1981.
[25][宋]朱熹.诗集传[C]∥朱杰人,严佐之,刘永翔,主编.朱子全书(第17册).上海:上海古籍出版社,2002.
[26]春秋左传正义[M].[晋]杜预,注.[唐]孔颖达,正义.[清]阮元,校刻.台北:艺文印书馆影印清嘉庆二十年(1815)江西书局刊本,1965.
[27]刘云涛.山东莒县东莞出土汉画像石[J].文物,2005(3):81-87+98.
[28][宋]李樗,黄櫄.毛诗李黄集解[C]∥四库全书·经部·诗类(第71册).台北:商务印书馆,1986.
[29]许维遹.吕氏春秋集释(下)[M].北京:中华书局,2009.
[30]古今韵会举要[C]∥四库全书·经部·小学类(第238册).[元]黄公绍,辑.熊忠,举要.台北:商务印书馆,1986.
[31]礼记正义[M].[汉]郑玄,注.[唐]孔颖达,正义.台北:艺文印书馆影印清嘉庆二十年(1815)江西书局刊本,1965.
[32]仪礼注疏[M].[汉]郑玄,注.[唐]贾公彦,疏.台北:艺文印书馆影印清嘉庆二十年(1815)江西书局刊本,1965.
[2][清]王先谦.诗三家义集疏[C]∥续修四库全书·经部·诗类(第77册).上海:上海古籍出版社,2002.
[3][清]龚橙.诗本谊[C]∥续修四库全书·经部·诗类(第73册).上海:上海古籍出版社,2002.
[4][清]朱谋.诗故[C]∥四库全书·经部·诗类(第79册).台北:商务印书馆,1986.
[5][清]杨名时.诗经札记[C]∥四库全书·经部·诗类(第87册).台北:商务印书馆,1986.
[6][清]牟庭.诗切:第五册[M].济南:齐鲁书社,1983.
[7][宋]戴溪.续吕氏家塾读诗记[C]∥四库全书·经部·诗类(第73册).台北:商务印书馆,1986.
[8][清]贺贻孙.诗触[C]∥续修四库全书·经部·诗类(第61册).上海:上海古籍出版社,2002.
[9][清]牟应震.诗问[C]∥续修四库全书·经部·诗类(第65册).上海:上海古籍出版社,2002.
[10][明]何楷.诗经世本古义[C]∥四库全书·经部·诗类(第81册).台北:商务印书馆,1986.
[11][明]邹忠胤.诗传阐[C]∥四库全书存目丛书·经部·诗类(第65册).济南:齐鲁书社,1997.
[12][清]方玉润.诗经原始[M].李耕先,点校.北京:中华书局,1986.
[13]祝敏彻,等译注.诗经译注[M].兰州:甘肃人民出版社,1984.
[14]郭沫若.盠器铭考释[J].北京.考古学报,1957(2):1-6.
[15]余冠英,选注.诗经选[M].北京:人民文学出版社,1979.
[16]戴明扬,校注.嵇康集校注[M].北京:人民文学出版社,1962.
[17][晋]陆云.陆世龙集[C]∥四库全书·集部·别集类(第1063册).台北:商务印书馆,1986.
[18][明]钱澄之.田间诗学[C]∥四库全书·经部·诗类(第84册).台北:商务印书馆,1986.
[19]顾颉刚,编.古史辨:第三册M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1981
[20]周礼正义[M].[汉]郑玄,注.[唐]贾公彦,疏.台北:艺文印书馆影印清嘉庆二十年(1815)江西书局刊本,1965.
[21]春秋公羊传注疏[M].[汉]何休,注.[唐]徐彦,疏.台北:艺文印书馆影印清嘉庆二十年(1815)江西书局刊本,1965.
[22][清]汪照.大戴礼记注补[C]∥续修四库全书·经部·诗类(第107册).上海:上海古籍出版社,2002.
[23][清]马瑞辰.毛诗传笺通释[M].陈金生,点校.北京:中华书局,1989.
[24][清]许慎.说文解字注[M].[清]段玉裁,注.上海:上海古籍出版社,1981.
[25][宋]朱熹.诗集传[C]∥朱杰人,严佐之,刘永翔,主编.朱子全书(第17册).上海:上海古籍出版社,2002.
[26]春秋左传正义[M].[晋]杜预,注.[唐]孔颖达,正义.[清]阮元,校刻.台北:艺文印书馆影印清嘉庆二十年(1815)江西书局刊本,1965.
[27]刘云涛.山东莒县东莞出土汉画像石[J].文物,2005(3):81-87+98.
[28][宋]李樗,黄櫄.毛诗李黄集解[C]∥四库全书·经部·诗类(第71册).台北:商务印书馆,1986.
[29]许维遹.吕氏春秋集释(下)[M].北京:中华书局,2009.
[30]古今韵会举要[C]∥四库全书·经部·小学类(第238册).[元]黄公绍,辑.熊忠,举要.台北:商务印书馆,1986.
[31]礼记正义[M].[汉]郑玄,注.[唐]孔颖达,正义.台北:艺文印书馆影印清嘉庆二十年(1815)江西书局刊本,1965.
[32]仪礼注疏[M].[汉]郑玄,注.[唐]贾公彦,疏.台北:艺文印书馆影印清嘉庆二十年(1815)江西书局刊本,1965.