公共事物治理自组织中的非正式规范、能人与局部知识运用——以深圳南景新村城中村为例
|
摘要
理论上公共品的私人供给将趋于枯竭,而政府供给也会发生低效失灵。现实中存在不少公共品集体自我合作治理的成功案例,以深圳市典型城中村南景新村为例,通过对其公共事物治理从"脏乱差"到成为区域社会治理典范的这一过程中居民间社会网络结构的观测分析,运用自组织理论中的"非正式规范—能人—特定情境下的局部知识运用"分析框架,考察城中村公共事物自我合作治理的形成要素及维持机制。结果显示:星型社会网络结构使得城中村公共事物自我合作治理得以发生、维持,且在特定情境下其效率高于其他方式。
In theory, the private supply of public goods will tend to be exhausted, and the government supply will also suffer from inefficiency. In reality, there were many successful cases of public goods collective governance. Taking Nanjing new village, a typical example of the urban villages in Shenzhen, as an example, we described the situation before and after the self-cooperation of Nanjing New Village. After analyzing Nanjing New Village's process from the state of "dirty and messy" to a model of regional social governance, we analyzed the social network structure between residents in this process. We used the analytical framework "informal norms-talents-the use of local knowledge in the functioning" of the theory of self-organization, to examine the formation factors and maintenance mechanisms of self-cooperative governance of public affairs in urban villages. After analyzing the social network structure formed by Nanjing New Village's self-governance, we analyzed its shape and the interaction of various nodes in the social network in the self-organization process. The results show that the star-shaped social network structure enables the self-cooperative governance of public affairs in the urban villages to occur and maintain, and its efficiency is higher than other methods in specific situations.
In theory, the private supply of public goods will tend to be exhausted, and the government supply will also suffer from inefficiency. In reality, there were many successful cases of public goods collective governance. Taking Nanjing new village, a typical example of the urban villages in Shenzhen, as an example, we described the situation before and after the self-cooperation of Nanjing New Village. After analyzing Nanjing New Village's process from the state of "dirty and messy" to a model of regional social governance, we analyzed the social network structure between residents in this process. We used the analytical framework "informal norms-talents-the use of local knowledge in the functioning" of the theory of self-organization, to examine the formation factors and maintenance mechanisms of self-cooperative governance of public affairs in urban villages. After analyzing the social network structure formed by Nanjing New Village's self-governance, we analyzed its shape and the interaction of various nodes in the social network in the self-organization process. The results show that the star-shaped social network structure enables the self-cooperative governance of public affairs in the urban villages to occur and maintain, and its efficiency is higher than other methods in specific situations.
引文
[1]李宇嘉.从“深圳样本”看如何为租客守住低租金防线[EB/OL].(2017-11-21)[2019-03-20].http://www.nbd.com.cn/articles/2017-11-21/1163710.html.
[2]孙波.南景新村:“户主自治”啃掉硬骨头[N].深圳商报,2016-07-19(A09).
[3]章平,刘启超.城市异质性群体自发合作治理的发生及维持机制--以深圳市西头新村为例[J].城市问题,2017(5):73-80.
[4]刘启超,章平.城中村集体行动何以可能?--基于西头新村自发合作治理的个案研究[J].城市观察,2017(6):119-127.
[5]章平,黄傲霜.城镇公共池塘资源治理:两个制度发育案例的比较分析[J].经济与管理评论,2018,34(1):55-67.
[6]Ostrom E.Governing the commons:the evolution of institutions for collective action[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1990.
[7]Ostrom E.Beyond markets and states:polycentric governance of complex economic systems[J].American Economic Review,2010,100(3):641-672.
[8]Samuelson P A.The pure theory of public expenditure[J].Review of Economics&Statistics,1954,36(4):387-389.
[9]Ostrom E.Understanding institutional diversity[J].Comparative Economic Studies,2005,49(3):482-484.
[10]罗家德.自组织,让“关系”成为好东西[N].新华日报,2013-08-21(B07).
[11]罗家德,孙瑜,谢朝霞,等.自组织运作过程中的能人现象[J].中国社会科学,2013(10):86-101+206.
[12]罗家德,王竞,张佳音,等.社会网研究的架构:以组织理论与管理研究为例[J].社会,2008(6):15-38+223-224.
[13]Carpenter J,Kariv S,Schotter A.Network architecture,cooperation and punishment in public good experiments[J].Review of Economic Design,2012,16(2-3):93-118.
[14]Goeree J K,Riedl A,Ule A.In search of stars:Network formation among heterogeneous agents[J].Games&Economic Behavior,2009,67(2):445-466.
[15]Cartwright E,Gillet J,Vugt M V.Leadership by example in the weak-link game[J].Economic Inquiry,2013,51(4):2028-2043.
[16]刘念平,董占奎.公共品实验中信念和网络结构的影响研究[J].管理现代化,2015,35(3):58-60.
[17]刘晶晶.社会网络视角下的农村公共产品的管理--以易县坡仓乡四个村饮用水的社区管理为例[J].甘肃农业,2006(4):83.
[18]赵静,闫小培.城中村非正规住房的形成机理与管治--以深圳市为例[J].地域研究与开发,2012,31(4):86-90.
[19]丁传标,张涵,程明洋,等.城中村空间形态对居民居住安全感的影响--以广州珠村为例[J].地域研究与开发,2015,34(4):68-73.
[20]陈凯仁,龙茂乾,李贵才.超大城市城中村外来人口归属感研究--以深圳上步村为例[J].地域研究与开发,2017,36(5):64-68+74.
[2]孙波.南景新村:“户主自治”啃掉硬骨头[N].深圳商报,2016-07-19(A09).
[3]章平,刘启超.城市异质性群体自发合作治理的发生及维持机制--以深圳市西头新村为例[J].城市问题,2017(5):73-80.
[4]刘启超,章平.城中村集体行动何以可能?--基于西头新村自发合作治理的个案研究[J].城市观察,2017(6):119-127.
[5]章平,黄傲霜.城镇公共池塘资源治理:两个制度发育案例的比较分析[J].经济与管理评论,2018,34(1):55-67.
[6]Ostrom E.Governing the commons:the evolution of institutions for collective action[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1990.
[7]Ostrom E.Beyond markets and states:polycentric governance of complex economic systems[J].American Economic Review,2010,100(3):641-672.
[8]Samuelson P A.The pure theory of public expenditure[J].Review of Economics&Statistics,1954,36(4):387-389.
[9]Ostrom E.Understanding institutional diversity[J].Comparative Economic Studies,2005,49(3):482-484.
[10]罗家德.自组织,让“关系”成为好东西[N].新华日报,2013-08-21(B07).
[11]罗家德,孙瑜,谢朝霞,等.自组织运作过程中的能人现象[J].中国社会科学,2013(10):86-101+206.
[12]罗家德,王竞,张佳音,等.社会网研究的架构:以组织理论与管理研究为例[J].社会,2008(6):15-38+223-224.
[13]Carpenter J,Kariv S,Schotter A.Network architecture,cooperation and punishment in public good experiments[J].Review of Economic Design,2012,16(2-3):93-118.
[14]Goeree J K,Riedl A,Ule A.In search of stars:Network formation among heterogeneous agents[J].Games&Economic Behavior,2009,67(2):445-466.
[15]Cartwright E,Gillet J,Vugt M V.Leadership by example in the weak-link game[J].Economic Inquiry,2013,51(4):2028-2043.
[16]刘念平,董占奎.公共品实验中信念和网络结构的影响研究[J].管理现代化,2015,35(3):58-60.
[17]刘晶晶.社会网络视角下的农村公共产品的管理--以易县坡仓乡四个村饮用水的社区管理为例[J].甘肃农业,2006(4):83.
[18]赵静,闫小培.城中村非正规住房的形成机理与管治--以深圳市为例[J].地域研究与开发,2012,31(4):86-90.
[19]丁传标,张涵,程明洋,等.城中村空间形态对居民居住安全感的影响--以广州珠村为例[J].地域研究与开发,2015,34(4):68-73.
[20]陈凯仁,龙茂乾,李贵才.超大城市城中村外来人口归属感研究--以深圳上步村为例[J].地域研究与开发,2017,36(5):64-68+74.