青海湖裸鲤放养密度对养殖池塘浮游动物群落结构的影响
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摘要
为进一步了解青海湖裸鲤(Gymnocypris przewalskii)养殖池塘中养殖密度与浮游动物群落结构间的关系,通过对不同养殖密度的青海湖裸鲤池塘进行连续的采样调查,测定浮游动物的群落结构、水质指标以及青海湖裸鲤的生长情况。讨论并分析青海湖裸鲤养殖密度对池塘浮游动物群落结构的影响。结果显示:试验期间共测定出浮游动物38种,以轮虫为主,其数量占整个浮游动物种类的61. 5%;浮游动物密度、生物量、多样性指数在中、高养殖密度条件下均随着养殖时间的增加呈现下降趋势。研究表明:高密度养殖对浮游动物群落结构影响较大,中、高密度养殖鱼苗对浮游动物的高摄食压力使浮游动物生长受到限制,浮游动物种类减少并趋于小型化,不利于养殖水环境的稳定。
In order to know more about the correlations between the stocking densities and the community structure of zooplankton in aquaculture pond of Gymnocypris przewalskii, the community structure of zooplankton,the water quality index and the growth of Gymnocypris przewalskii were determined through continuous sampling survey of Gymnocypris przewalskii ponds with different stocking densities. The impact of stocking densities of Gymnocypris przewalskii on the community structure of zooplankton in ponds was discussed and analyzed. The results showed that 39 species of zooplankton,mainly rotifers,were determined during the experiment,which accounted for 61. 5% of the total zooplankton species. The density,biomass and diversity index of zooplankton decreased with the increase of culture time in medium and high density conditions. The study showed that high density breeding had a great impact on the community structure of zooplankton,and the high feeding pressure on zooplankton caused by medium and high density breeding fish fry restricted the growth of zooplankton. The zooplankton species decreased and tended to be miniaturized,which was not conducive to the stability of the aquaculture water environment.
In order to know more about the correlations between the stocking densities and the community structure of zooplankton in aquaculture pond of Gymnocypris przewalskii, the community structure of zooplankton,the water quality index and the growth of Gymnocypris przewalskii were determined through continuous sampling survey of Gymnocypris przewalskii ponds with different stocking densities. The impact of stocking densities of Gymnocypris przewalskii on the community structure of zooplankton in ponds was discussed and analyzed. The results showed that 39 species of zooplankton,mainly rotifers,were determined during the experiment,which accounted for 61. 5% of the total zooplankton species. The density,biomass and diversity index of zooplankton decreased with the increase of culture time in medium and high density conditions. The study showed that high density breeding had a great impact on the community structure of zooplankton,and the high feeding pressure on zooplankton caused by medium and high density breeding fish fry restricted the growth of zooplankton. The zooplankton species decreased and tended to be miniaturized,which was not conducive to the stability of the aquaculture water environment.
引文
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[19]李志斐,李家磊,王金林,等.混养鲮对凡纳滨对虾养殖池塘浮游生物群落结构的影响[J].河南农业科学,2018,47(1):126-133.
[20]钱方平,席贻龙,温新利,等.湖泊富营养化对轮虫群落结构及物种多样性的影响[J].生物多样性,2007(4):344-355.
[21]孟顺龙,李丹丹,裘丽萍,等.团头鲂池塘工业化生态养殖系统中浮游动物群落特征分析[J].大连海洋大学学报,2018,33(1):57-64.
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[23]李林春.分区池塘中浮游生物的分析研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(29):104-108.
[24]王旭娜,江敏,钟锐,等.凡纳滨对虾养殖池塘中浮游植物群落结构与水质因子的关系[J].水产学报,2018,42(11):1787-1803.
[25]张念,谢从新,赵峰,等.主养草鱼池塘浮游动物群落结构特征及与池塘环境关系的研究[J].淡水渔业,2014,44(2):89-93,100.
[2]李开枝,尹健强,黄良民.河口浮游动物生态学研究进展[J].海洋科学,2007(3):72-75.
[3]高欣,景泓杰,赵文,等.凡纳滨对虾高位养殖池塘浮游生物群落结构及水质特征[J].大连海洋大学学报,2017,32(1):44-50.
[4]蔡志龙,秦美川,赵文,等.两种混养模式海水池塘浮游生物的群落结构及其粒径特征[J].大连海洋大学学报,2016,31(6):663-672.
[5]李丹丹,孟顺龙,范立民,等.罗非鱼密度对养殖池塘浮游植物群落结构的影响[J].环境科学与技术,2017,40(5):54-59.
[6]李学梅,朱永久,龚进玲,等.高密度鳙池塘分区养殖浮游动物群落结构及水环境特征[J].水生生物学报,2018,42(2):400-405.
[7]陶程,杨永超,马旭洲,等.河蟹幼蟹培育池浮游动物群落结构及动态[J].江西农业大学学报,2017,39(5):957-965.
[8] DB43/T 432-2009.淡水生物资源调查技术规范[S].
[9]赵翔刚,罗衡,刘其根,等.稻田养殖沙塘鳢对稻田水体及底泥微生物群落结构及多样性的影响[J].淡水渔业,2017,47(4):8-14.
[10]马宝珊,徐滨,魏开金,等.安宁河浮游动物资源现状及其与环境因子的关系[J].淡水渔业,2017,47(6):56-64.
[11]方艳红.大渡河安谷水电站蓄水期间浮游动物群落动态监测[A]//中国环境科学学会,中国环境科学学会学术年会论文集(第2卷)[C].北京:中国环境科学学会,2016:6.
[12]杜程鹏,李艳华,赵萍萍,等.抚仙湖后生浮游动物种类组成及水质评价[J].环境科学导刊,2013,32(4):46-50.
[13]李捷,杨睿彬,徐德林.棘洪滩水库秋冬季浮游动物群落动态及多样性研究[J].青岛理工大学学报,2013,34(6):1-6.
[14]李丹丹.不同模式罗非鱼养殖池塘浮游生物群落结构动态变化[D].南京:南京农业大学,2015.
[15]刘国兴,李玲,彭刚,等.放养密度对克氏原螯虾生长和养殖水质的影响[J].江西农业学报,2014,26(4):86-89,93.
[16]李志斐,谢骏,张晓可,等.珠三角高产养殖池塘浮游动物群落结构及水质评价[J].水生生物学报,2017,41(5):1071-1079.
[17]赵忠波.放养密度和投饲水平对黄颡鱼养殖围隔内水质和浮游生物群落结构的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2016.
[18]孟顺龙,肖代,陈小丽,等.丰、枯水期里下河腹地典型水体浮游动物群落结构与水质评价[J].水生态学杂志,2016,37(6):76-83.
[19]李志斐,李家磊,王金林,等.混养鲮对凡纳滨对虾养殖池塘浮游生物群落结构的影响[J].河南农业科学,2018,47(1):126-133.
[20]钱方平,席贻龙,温新利,等.湖泊富营养化对轮虫群落结构及物种多样性的影响[J].生物多样性,2007(4):344-355.
[21]孟顺龙,李丹丹,裘丽萍,等.团头鲂池塘工业化生态养殖系统中浮游动物群落特征分析[J].大连海洋大学学报,2018,33(1):57-64.
[22]杨宇峰,黄祥飞.武汉东湖浮游动物群落结构的研究[J].应用生态学报,1994(3):319-324.
[23]李林春.分区池塘中浮游生物的分析研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(29):104-108.
[24]王旭娜,江敏,钟锐,等.凡纳滨对虾养殖池塘中浮游植物群落结构与水质因子的关系[J].水产学报,2018,42(11):1787-1803.
[25]张念,谢从新,赵峰,等.主养草鱼池塘浮游动物群落结构特征及与池塘环境关系的研究[J].淡水渔业,2014,44(2):89-93,100.