西天山野果林小檗群落特征及物种多样性
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摘要
[目的]调查西天山野果林小檗群落基本生态特征,为其资源保护、可持续利用和种群修复提供科学理论依据。[方法]选择典型小檗群落随机布置临时样地对其物种组成、垂直结构、种群径级结构及物种多样性进行调查,揭示小檗群落物种组成、群落结构、种群更新等方面的特点。[结果]西天山野果林小檗群落调查样地中共有种子植物19科,47属,50种,其中92.00%为双子叶植物,群落在垂直结构上可分为3层:乔木层、灌木层和草本层;灌木层小檗的重要值为196.25%,群落内各层物种多样性复杂程度总体表现为:草本层>乔木层>灌木层。该群落中小檗成年个体明显多于幼苗、幼树和老年个体。[结论]西天山野果林小檗群落植物区系温带属性较明显,小檗为群落的单优种与建群种。小檗种群的维持依赖于中龄个体,幼树较少,种群年龄结构呈纺锤状,属衰退型种群。
[Objective]To study the basic ecological characteristics of the Berberis community in order to provide a basis for resource conservation,sustainable use and population restoration in the wild fruit forest of West Tianshan Mountain.[Methods]The typical Berberis community was randomly selected to investigate their species composition,vertical structure,population diameter structure and species diversity.[Results]There were 50 species belonging to 19 families and 47 genera in the Berberis community,of which,92.00%were dicotyledons.The vertical structure of the community could be divided into three layers:tree layer,shrub layer and herb layer.The importance value of Berberisin the shrub layer was 196.25%.The complexity of species diversity in all layers was showed as:Herb layer> arbor layer> shrub layer.The population of adult Berberis in the community was significantly more than the seedlings,saplings and elderly individuals.[Conclusion]According to the subordinate distribution area,the temperate properties of Berberis community in this area are obvious,and Berberis is the single superior species of the constructive species of the community.The maintenance of the Berberis population depends on middle-aged individuals.The age structure of the Berberis population is spindle-shaped and belong to declining population.
[Objective]To study the basic ecological characteristics of the Berberis community in order to provide a basis for resource conservation,sustainable use and population restoration in the wild fruit forest of West Tianshan Mountain.[Methods]The typical Berberis community was randomly selected to investigate their species composition,vertical structure,population diameter structure and species diversity.[Results]There were 50 species belonging to 19 families and 47 genera in the Berberis community,of which,92.00%were dicotyledons.The vertical structure of the community could be divided into three layers:tree layer,shrub layer and herb layer.The importance value of Berberisin the shrub layer was 196.25%.The complexity of species diversity in all layers was showed as:Herb layer> arbor layer> shrub layer.The population of adult Berberis in the community was significantly more than the seedlings,saplings and elderly individuals.[Conclusion]According to the subordinate distribution area,the temperate properties of Berberis community in this area are obvious,and Berberis is the single superior species of the constructive species of the community.The maintenance of the Berberis population depends on middle-aged individuals.The age structure of the Berberis population is spindle-shaped and belong to declining population.
引文
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[17]达良俊,杨永川,宋永昌.浙江天童国家森林公园常绿阔叶林主要组成种的种群结构及更新类型[J].植物生态学报,2004,28(3):376-384.
[18]张启伟,林燕芳,覃文更,等.濒危植物单性木兰种群径级结构和生命表分析[J].广西植物,2013,33(3):291-294.
[19]韩路,王海珍,彭杰,等.不同生境胡杨种群径级结构与格局动态研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2010,32(1):7-12.
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[2]阎国荣.新疆野生果树生物多样性及其保护研究[D].沈阳:中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,1999.
[3]宋永昌.植被生态学[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2001,47-54.
[4]邹年梗,罗伟祥.黄土高原造林学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1995:375-380.
[5]赵维俊,刘贤德,金铭,等.祁连山青海云杉林群落结构特征分析[J].干旱区研究,2012,29(4):615-620.
[6]王鑫,张华雨,李宗峰,等.濒危植物崖柏群落特征及种群更新研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2016,38(10):28-37.
[7]库尔班江,亥依如拉木,罗新泽.伊犁河流域红果小檗资源分布与形态调查[J].中国野生植物资源,2007,26(5):26-30.
[8]库尔班江,海如拉,罗新泽,等.伊犁河流域红果小檗资源现状与开发潜力分析[J].福建林业科技,2007,34(4):134-138.
[9]尤努斯江·吐拉洪,吐尔洪·买买提.伊犁小檗果实红色素超声提取及DPPH自由基清除活性[J].食品研究与开发,2013,34(10):45-49.
[10]张婷婷,李莉,高宁,等.新疆黑果小檗根部化学成分初步研究[J].时珍国医国药,2017,28(4):841-843.
[11]孙颖平,李莉.新疆特色药材黑果小檗薄层鉴别方法研究[J].西北药学杂志,2013,28(3):231-234.
[12]吴征镒,孙航,周浙昆,等.中国种子植物区系地理[J].生物多样性,2011,19(1):148.
[13]李清河,高婷婷,刘建锋,等.荒漠珍稀灌木半日花种群的年龄结构与生命表分析[J].植物研究,2009,29(2):176-181.
[14]姜汉侨,段昌群,杨树华,等.植物生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2005.
[15]朱鸿菊,徐秀荣,臧德奎,等.崂山刺楸群落组成和结构特征分析[J].山东农业科学,2013,45(12):1-4.
[16]钟军弟,李先琨,叶铎,等.广西木论国家级自然保护区铁榄群落优势种群的生态位研究[J].植物资源与环境学报,2009,18(3):38-43.
[17]达良俊,杨永川,宋永昌.浙江天童国家森林公园常绿阔叶林主要组成种的种群结构及更新类型[J].植物生态学报,2004,28(3):376-384.
[18]张启伟,林燕芳,覃文更,等.濒危植物单性木兰种群径级结构和生命表分析[J].广西植物,2013,33(3):291-294.
[19]韩路,王海珍,彭杰,等.不同生境胡杨种群径级结构与格局动态研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2010,32(1):7-12.
[20]Hector A,Bagchi R.Biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality[J].Nature,2007,448(7150):188-191.
[21]Byrnes J E K,Gamfeldt L,Isbell F,et al.Investigating the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality:Challenges and solutions[J].Methods in Ecology&Evolution,2014,5(2):111-124.
[22]王立权.新疆天山云杉群落结构特征研究[D].河北保定:河北农业大学,2006.
[23]周龙,胡建芳,许正,等.野生樱桃李群落的生态特征研究[J].华北农学报,2011,26(S1):198-203.