淬火冷却技术现状及标准研究
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摘要
综述了淬火冷却技术现状,针对现有企业淬火冷却工艺中突出的问题,如冷却过程工艺制定简单,介质冷却能力缺乏综合评价,工艺执行及记录简单,工艺可控性和可追溯性差等,为了规范淬火冷却全过程控制,保证淬火质量,减小质量分散度,进行了"热处理冷却技术要求"标准研究。主要研究内容:淬火冷却工艺制定与实施;淬火介质;浸液式淬火冷却设备;淬火介质在搅拌条件下冷却能力评价;淬火起重机与淬火夹具;淬火冷却后表面状态观察和检测;淬火冷却安全生产;环保与废弃物管理;淬火冷却介质与设备的检测、控制、记录技术要求。通过标准研究解决热处理过程实现智能化、达到热处理过程对环境的冲击最小、建立淬火设备是封闭自控的标准化系统、实现热处理件性能可以预测的目的。
The present situation of quenching technology was reviewed. Aiming at the problems existing in quenching process of enterprises,such assimple cooling process,lack of comprehensive evaluation of quenchant cooling capacity,simple process execution and record and bad process controllability and traceability,etc,the standard of "Technical Requirementsof Cooling of Heat Treatment"wasresearchedin order to standardize the whole process control,ensure the quenching quality and reduce its dispersion. The main research contents include:Development and implementation of quenching cooling process; Quenchant; Immersion quenching equipment; Evaluation of cooling capacity of quenchant under stirring condition; Quenching crane and quenching fixture; Observation and detection of surface state after quenching;Safe production ofquenching and cooling; Environmental protection and waste management; Test,control and technical requirement record of quenchant and equipment. The standard put forward specific requirements to quenching process design, quenchant cooling capacity evaluation,quenchingequipment design,process control and records,etc,and try to resolve the problem of intelligentialization in heat treatment process,minimize the impact of heat treatment on the environment,establisha closed automatic control system of quenching equipment,and realize the property prediction of heat treated parts.
The present situation of quenching technology was reviewed. Aiming at the problems existing in quenching process of enterprises,such assimple cooling process,lack of comprehensive evaluation of quenchant cooling capacity,simple process execution and record and bad process controllability and traceability,etc,the standard of "Technical Requirementsof Cooling of Heat Treatment"wasresearchedin order to standardize the whole process control,ensure the quenching quality and reduce its dispersion. The main research contents include:Development and implementation of quenching cooling process; Quenchant; Immersion quenching equipment; Evaluation of cooling capacity of quenchant under stirring condition; Quenching crane and quenching fixture; Observation and detection of surface state after quenching;Safe production ofquenching and cooling; Environmental protection and waste management; Test,control and technical requirement record of quenchant and equipment. The standard put forward specific requirements to quenching process design, quenchant cooling capacity evaluation,quenchingequipment design,process control and records,etc,and try to resolve the problem of intelligentialization in heat treatment process,minimize the impact of heat treatment on the environment,establisha closed automatic control system of quenching equipment,and realize the property prediction of heat treated parts.
引文
[1]ISO 9950-1995,Industrial Quenching Oils—Determination of Cooling Characteristics—Nickel-alloy Probe Test Method[S].
[2]GB/T 30823,测定工业淬火油冷却性能的镍合金探头实验方[S].
[3]GB/T 9449,淬火介质冷却性能试验方法[S].
[4]JB/T 6955,热处理常用淬火介质技术要求[S].
[5]JB/T 4392,聚合物水溶性淬火介质测定方法[S].
[6]JB/T 4393,聚乙烯醇合成淬火剂[S].
[7]ASTM D6549-06(2015),Standard Test Method for Determination of Cooling Characteristics of Quenchants by Cooling Curve Analysis with Agitation(Drayton Unit)[S].
[8]ASTM D6482,Test Method for Determination of Cooling Characteristics of Aqueous Polymer Quenchants by Cooling Curve Analysis with Agitation(Tensi Method)[S].
[9]SAE AMS 3025C-2009,Polyalkalene Glycol Heat Treat Quenchant[S].
[10]GB/T 16924-2008,钢件的淬火与回火[S].
[11]JIS B 6913-1999,Process of quenching and tempering of iron and steel[S].
[12]DIN EN 10083-1-2006,Steel for Quenching and Tempering Part 1General Technical Delivery Conditions[S].
[13]DIN 17200-1987,调质钢材的供货技术条件(中文版)[S].
[14]ASTM A:668/A 668M-96,Standard Specification for Steel Forgings,Carbon and Alloy,for General Industrial Use1[S].
[15]SAE AMS2759C 2000,Heat Treatment of Steel Parts General Requirements[S].
[16]AMS-H-6875A,Heat Treatment of Steel Raw Material[S].
[17]GB/T 20174-2006,钻井和采油设备钻通设备[S].
[18]SEW550,大型锻件质量指标[S].
[19]ASTM A255-10(2014),Standard Test Methods for Determining Hardenability of Steel[S].
[20]AGMA 2004-B89,Gear Materials and Heat Treatment Manual[S].
[21]JB/T 10457,液态淬火冷却设备技术条件[S].
[22]JB/T 7688,冶金起重机技术条件第6部分:淬火起重机[S].
[23]Tensi H M,Totten G E,Webster G M,et al.Proposal to monitor agitation of production quench tanks[C]//17th ASM Heat Treating Society Conference Proceeding Including the 1st International Induction Heat Treating Symposium.Indianapolis,Indiana,USA,Sept.15-18,1998:423-431.
[24]Edenhofer B.An overview of advances in atmosphere and vacuum heat treatment[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,1998,25(4):79-85.
[25]Kobasko N I.Basics of intensive quenching:Part II[J].Advanced Materials&Processes,1998,153(2):36FF-36HH.
[26]陈乃录.张伟民.数字化淬火冷却控制技术的应用[J].金属热处理,2008,33(1):57-62.Chen Nailu,Zhang Weimin.Application of digitalized quenching cooling-control technology[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2008,33(1):57-62.
[27]康大韬,郭成熊.工程用钢的组织转变与性能图册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1992.
[28]ASTM A255-10(2014),Standard Test Methods for Determining Hardenability of Steel[S].
[29]陈乃录,李强,廖波,等.淬火槽中介质流速的测量及流体场的模拟[J].材料热处理学报,2002,23(2):33-36.Chen Nailu,Li Qiang,Liao Bo,et al.Flow rate measurement and computational fluid dynamic of quench tank[J].Transactions of Metal Heat Treatment,2002,23(2):33-36.
[30]Totten G E,Albano L L M.IFHTSE Global 21:Heat treatment and surface engineering in the twenty-first century.Part 18:Quenching:current status and future developments[C]//International Heat Treatment and Surface Engineering,2012,6(1):4-14.
[31]Wang X Q,Mujumdar A S.Heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids:a review[J].International Journal of Thermal Sciences,2007,46(1):1-19.
[32]Zuo X W,Chen N L,Gao F,et al.Development of multi-cycle quenching-partitioning-tempering process and its applications in engineering[J].International Heat Treatment and Surface Engineering,2014,8(1):15-23.
[2]GB/T 30823,测定工业淬火油冷却性能的镍合金探头实验方[S].
[3]GB/T 9449,淬火介质冷却性能试验方法[S].
[4]JB/T 6955,热处理常用淬火介质技术要求[S].
[5]JB/T 4392,聚合物水溶性淬火介质测定方法[S].
[6]JB/T 4393,聚乙烯醇合成淬火剂[S].
[7]ASTM D6549-06(2015),Standard Test Method for Determination of Cooling Characteristics of Quenchants by Cooling Curve Analysis with Agitation(Drayton Unit)[S].
[8]ASTM D6482,Test Method for Determination of Cooling Characteristics of Aqueous Polymer Quenchants by Cooling Curve Analysis with Agitation(Tensi Method)[S].
[9]SAE AMS 3025C-2009,Polyalkalene Glycol Heat Treat Quenchant[S].
[10]GB/T 16924-2008,钢件的淬火与回火[S].
[11]JIS B 6913-1999,Process of quenching and tempering of iron and steel[S].
[12]DIN EN 10083-1-2006,Steel for Quenching and Tempering Part 1General Technical Delivery Conditions[S].
[13]DIN 17200-1987,调质钢材的供货技术条件(中文版)[S].
[14]ASTM A:668/A 668M-96,Standard Specification for Steel Forgings,Carbon and Alloy,for General Industrial Use1[S].
[15]SAE AMS2759C 2000,Heat Treatment of Steel Parts General Requirements[S].
[16]AMS-H-6875A,Heat Treatment of Steel Raw Material[S].
[17]GB/T 20174-2006,钻井和采油设备钻通设备[S].
[18]SEW550,大型锻件质量指标[S].
[19]ASTM A255-10(2014),Standard Test Methods for Determining Hardenability of Steel[S].
[20]AGMA 2004-B89,Gear Materials and Heat Treatment Manual[S].
[21]JB/T 10457,液态淬火冷却设备技术条件[S].
[22]JB/T 7688,冶金起重机技术条件第6部分:淬火起重机[S].
[23]Tensi H M,Totten G E,Webster G M,et al.Proposal to monitor agitation of production quench tanks[C]//17th ASM Heat Treating Society Conference Proceeding Including the 1st International Induction Heat Treating Symposium.Indianapolis,Indiana,USA,Sept.15-18,1998:423-431.
[24]Edenhofer B.An overview of advances in atmosphere and vacuum heat treatment[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,1998,25(4):79-85.
[25]Kobasko N I.Basics of intensive quenching:Part II[J].Advanced Materials&Processes,1998,153(2):36FF-36HH.
[26]陈乃录.张伟民.数字化淬火冷却控制技术的应用[J].金属热处理,2008,33(1):57-62.Chen Nailu,Zhang Weimin.Application of digitalized quenching cooling-control technology[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2008,33(1):57-62.
[27]康大韬,郭成熊.工程用钢的组织转变与性能图册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1992.
[28]ASTM A255-10(2014),Standard Test Methods for Determining Hardenability of Steel[S].
[29]陈乃录,李强,廖波,等.淬火槽中介质流速的测量及流体场的模拟[J].材料热处理学报,2002,23(2):33-36.Chen Nailu,Li Qiang,Liao Bo,et al.Flow rate measurement and computational fluid dynamic of quench tank[J].Transactions of Metal Heat Treatment,2002,23(2):33-36.
[30]Totten G E,Albano L L M.IFHTSE Global 21:Heat treatment and surface engineering in the twenty-first century.Part 18:Quenching:current status and future developments[C]//International Heat Treatment and Surface Engineering,2012,6(1):4-14.
[31]Wang X Q,Mujumdar A S.Heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids:a review[J].International Journal of Thermal Sciences,2007,46(1):1-19.
[32]Zuo X W,Chen N L,Gao F,et al.Development of multi-cycle quenching-partitioning-tempering process and its applications in engineering[J].International Heat Treatment and Surface Engineering,2014,8(1):15-23.