三江平原湿地同江地区水域夏季浮游植物群落结构特征
|
摘要
2012年6月对三江平原湿地同江地区水域浮游植物群落结构进行了初步研究。设置了13个采样点,生境类型包括大型开阔水体、小型封闭水体、湿地型水体以及河流型水体。结果在该水域发现浮游植物共计312个分类单位,包括276种33变种3变型,隶属于8门10纲21目36科92属。浮游植物细胞密度变化范围为2.68×104–2.53×106 cells·L–1。大型开阔水体种类丰富,细胞密度最大,以绿藻为优势种群;小型封闭水体中藻类的适应性强,群落结构最为复杂;湿地型水体受人为活动影响较大,发现了一些耐有机污染的种类;在河流型水体中,有一些适低温的隐藻出现并成为优势种,如啮蚀隐藻(Cryptomonas erosa)等。此外,在三江平原湿地同江地区还发现了大量β-中污染指示种类。经聚类和多维尺度分析,将不同采样点各生境水体的浮游植物群落分为4组。综合多样性指数表明,同江地区水域浮游植物群落结构较丰富且稳定性较好。
We examined the phytoplankton community structure in the Tongjiang area in the Sanjiang Plain Wetland in summer(June) of 2012 with 13 sampling sites consisting of large open-water bodies,small closed-water bodies,wetland water bodies,and river water bodies.We identified 312 taxa(including 276 species,33 varieties and 3 forms) belonging to 8 divisions,10 classes,21 orders,36 families,and 92 genera.The phytoplankton abundance varied from 2.68×104 to 2.53×106 cells·L–1.The abundant species and highest cell densities occurred in large open-water bodies,and Chlorophyta was the dominant group.In small closed-water bodies,algae adaptability was strong,and algal community structures were the most complex in all habitats.The water bodies were influenced by human activities,and we found several indicator species of organic pollution,such as Trachelomonas oblonga and T.hisoida.Some taxa that were characteristic of low-temperature habitats,such as Cryptomonas erosa,were identified in river water bodies and were dominant species.Meanwhile,we found a large increase in the number of β-mesosaprobic-zone indicators.Cluster and non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis divided the phytoplankton community composition into 4 groups.The Margalef index ranged from 0.41 to 5.47,the Shannon-Wiener index from 1.22 to 3.58,and the Simpson and Pielou indexes were higher.Diversity indexes showed that the phytoplankton community structure was relatively abundant and stability varied in the Tongjiang area of the Sanjiang Plain Wetland.
We examined the phytoplankton community structure in the Tongjiang area in the Sanjiang Plain Wetland in summer(June) of 2012 with 13 sampling sites consisting of large open-water bodies,small closed-water bodies,wetland water bodies,and river water bodies.We identified 312 taxa(including 276 species,33 varieties and 3 forms) belonging to 8 divisions,10 classes,21 orders,36 families,and 92 genera.The phytoplankton abundance varied from 2.68×104 to 2.53×106 cells·L–1.The abundant species and highest cell densities occurred in large open-water bodies,and Chlorophyta was the dominant group.In small closed-water bodies,algae adaptability was strong,and algal community structures were the most complex in all habitats.The water bodies were influenced by human activities,and we found several indicator species of organic pollution,such as Trachelomonas oblonga and T.hisoida.Some taxa that were characteristic of low-temperature habitats,such as Cryptomonas erosa,were identified in river water bodies and were dominant species.Meanwhile,we found a large increase in the number of β-mesosaprobic-zone indicators.Cluster and non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis divided the phytoplankton community composition into 4 groups.The Margalef index ranged from 0.41 to 5.47,the Shannon-Wiener index from 1.22 to 3.58,and the Simpson and Pielou indexes were higher.Diversity indexes showed that the phytoplankton community structure was relatively abundant and stability varied in the Tongjiang area of the Sanjiang Plain Wetland.
引文
陈燕琴,申志新,刘玉婷,李柯懋(2012).澜沧江囊谦段夏秋季浮游植物群落结构初步研究.水生态学杂志33(3),60–67.
崔保山(1999).湿地生态系统生态特征变化及其可持续性问题.生态学杂志18,43–49.
胡鸿钧,魏印心(2006).中国淡水藻类——系统、分类及生态.北京:科学出版社.pp.23–900.
金相灿,屠清瑛(1990).湖泊富营养化调查规范(第2版).北京:中国环境科学出版社.pp.239–244.
况其军,马沛明,胡征宇,周广杰(2005).湖泊富营养化的藻类生物学评价与治理研究进展.安全与环境学报5(2),87–91.
李秋华,韩博平(2007).基于CCA的典型调水水库浮游植物群落动态特征分析.生态学报27,2355–2364.
刘兴土,马学慧(2000).三江平原大面积开荒对自然环境影响及区域生态环境保护.地理科学20,14–19.
覃雪波,黄璞袆,刘曼红,马成学,于洪贤(2008).安邦河湿地浮游植物数量与环境因子相关性研究.海洋湖沼通报(3),43–52.
邱小琮,赵红雪(2011).宁夏沙湖浮游植物群落结构及多样性研究.水生态学杂志32,20–26.
沈会涛,刘存歧(2008).白洋淀浮游植物群落及其与环境因子的典范对应分析.湖泊科学20,773–779.
沈锡芬,章宗涉,龚循矩,顾曼如,施之新,魏印心(1990).微型生物监测新技术.北京:中国建筑工业出版社.119–139.
盛海燕,虞左明,韩轶才,姚佳玫,朱英俊(2010).亚热带大型河流型水库——富春江水库浮游植物群落及其与环境因子的关系.湖泊科学22,235–243.
孙军,刘东艳(2004).多样性指数在海洋浮游植物研究中的应用.海洋学报26,62–75.
万忠娟,于少鹏,王海霞,孙广友(2003).松嫩平原典型湿地脆弱性分析与评价.东北师大学报(自然科学版)35(2),93–99.
汪爱华,张树清,何艳芬(2002).RS和GIS支持下的三江平原沼泽湿地动态变化研究.地理科学22,636–640.
王翠红,张金屯(2004).汾河水库水源河着生硅藻群落的DCCA研究.中国环境科学24,28–31.
王全喜,曹建国,刘妍,钦娜(2008).上海九段沙湿地自然保护区及其附近水域藻类图集.北京:科学出版社.pp.55–70.
王元军(2010).南四湖湿地外来入侵植物.植物学报45,212–219.
肖溪,楼莉萍,李华,陈英旭(2009).沉水植物化感作用控藻能力评述.应用生态学报20,705–712.
张婷,李林,宋立荣(2009).熊河水库浮游植物群落结构的周年变化.生态学报29,2971–2979.
张玮,王为东,王丽卿,张瑞雷,陈庆华(2011).嘉兴石臼漾湿地冬季浮游植物群落结构特征.应用生态学报22,2431–2437.
赵怡冰,许武德,郭宇欣(2002).生物的指示作用与水环境.水资源保护(2),11–16.
Barlow SB,Kugrens P(2002).Cryptomonads from theSalton Sea,California.Hydrobiologia 473,129–137.
Kotut K,Krienitz L,Muthuri FM(1998).Temporal changesin phytoplankton structure and composition at the TurkwelGorge Reservoir,Kenya.Hydrobiologia 368,41–59.
Krammer K,Lange-Bertalot H(1997a).Bacillariophyceae1.Teil:Naviculaceae.Berlin:Spektrum AkademischerVerlag Heidelberg.pp.488–857.
Krammer K,Lange-Bertalot H(1997b).Bacillariophyceae.2.Teil:Bacillariophyceae,Epithemiaceae,Surirellaceae.Berlin:Spektrum Akademischer Verlag Heidelberg.pp.224–585.
Krammer K,Lange-Bertalot H(1997c).Bacillariophyceae.3.Teil:Centrales,Fragilariaceae,Eunotiaceae.Berlin:Spektrum Akademischer Verlag Heidelberg.pp.232–560.
Krammer K,Lange-Bertalot H(1997d).Bacillariophyceae.4.Teil:Achnanthaceae,Kritische Erg?nzunge zu Achnanthes s.l.,Navicula s.str.,Gomphonema Gesamtliteraturverzeichnis Teil 1–4.Berlin:Spektrum AkademischerVerlag Heidelberg.pp.250–425.
Lampitt RS,Wishner KF,Turley CM,Angel MV(1993).Marine snow studies in the northeast Atlantic Ocean:distribution,composition and role as a food source formigrating plankton.Mar Biol 116,689–702.
Munawar M,Munawar IF(1986).The seasonality of phytoplankton in the North American Great Lakes,a comparative synthesis.Hydrobiologia 138,85–115.
Passy SI,Bode RW,Carkson DM,Novak MA(2004).Comparative environmental assessment in the studies ofbenthic diatom,macroinvertebrate,and fish communities.Int Rev Hydrobiol 89,121–138.
Philipose MT(1982).Contributions to our knowledge ofIndian algae-III.Euglenineae-Part-I.The genus EuglenaEhrenberg.Proc Indian Acad Sci(Plant Sci)91,551–599.
Popovskaya GI(2000).Ecological monitoring of phytoplankton in Lake Baikal.Aquat Ecosyst Health Manag 3,215–225.
Salmaso N,Morabito G,Mosello R,Garibaldi L,SimonaM,Buzzi F,Ruggiu D(2003).A synoptic study of phytoplankton in the deep lakes south of the Alps(lakes Garda,Iseo,Como,Lugano and Maggiore).J Limnol 62,207–227.
Thornton KW,Kimmel BL,Payne FE(1990).ReservoirLimnology:Ecological Perspectives.New York:JohnWiley&Sons.227–231.
Zhang L,Wang MH,Hu J,Ho YS(2010).A Review of published wetland research,1991–2008:ecological engineering and ecosystem restoration.Ecol Eng 36,973–980.
Zhang NN,Fan YW,Liu YX(2011).Relationship betweendiatom communities and environmental conditions atHonghe wetland,China.Afr J Biotechnol 10,17506–17518.
崔保山(1999).湿地生态系统生态特征变化及其可持续性问题.生态学杂志18,43–49.
胡鸿钧,魏印心(2006).中国淡水藻类——系统、分类及生态.北京:科学出版社.pp.23–900.
金相灿,屠清瑛(1990).湖泊富营养化调查规范(第2版).北京:中国环境科学出版社.pp.239–244.
况其军,马沛明,胡征宇,周广杰(2005).湖泊富营养化的藻类生物学评价与治理研究进展.安全与环境学报5(2),87–91.
李秋华,韩博平(2007).基于CCA的典型调水水库浮游植物群落动态特征分析.生态学报27,2355–2364.
刘兴土,马学慧(2000).三江平原大面积开荒对自然环境影响及区域生态环境保护.地理科学20,14–19.
覃雪波,黄璞袆,刘曼红,马成学,于洪贤(2008).安邦河湿地浮游植物数量与环境因子相关性研究.海洋湖沼通报(3),43–52.
邱小琮,赵红雪(2011).宁夏沙湖浮游植物群落结构及多样性研究.水生态学杂志32,20–26.
沈会涛,刘存歧(2008).白洋淀浮游植物群落及其与环境因子的典范对应分析.湖泊科学20,773–779.
沈锡芬,章宗涉,龚循矩,顾曼如,施之新,魏印心(1990).微型生物监测新技术.北京:中国建筑工业出版社.119–139.
盛海燕,虞左明,韩轶才,姚佳玫,朱英俊(2010).亚热带大型河流型水库——富春江水库浮游植物群落及其与环境因子的关系.湖泊科学22,235–243.
孙军,刘东艳(2004).多样性指数在海洋浮游植物研究中的应用.海洋学报26,62–75.
万忠娟,于少鹏,王海霞,孙广友(2003).松嫩平原典型湿地脆弱性分析与评价.东北师大学报(自然科学版)35(2),93–99.
汪爱华,张树清,何艳芬(2002).RS和GIS支持下的三江平原沼泽湿地动态变化研究.地理科学22,636–640.
王翠红,张金屯(2004).汾河水库水源河着生硅藻群落的DCCA研究.中国环境科学24,28–31.
王全喜,曹建国,刘妍,钦娜(2008).上海九段沙湿地自然保护区及其附近水域藻类图集.北京:科学出版社.pp.55–70.
王元军(2010).南四湖湿地外来入侵植物.植物学报45,212–219.
肖溪,楼莉萍,李华,陈英旭(2009).沉水植物化感作用控藻能力评述.应用生态学报20,705–712.
张婷,李林,宋立荣(2009).熊河水库浮游植物群落结构的周年变化.生态学报29,2971–2979.
张玮,王为东,王丽卿,张瑞雷,陈庆华(2011).嘉兴石臼漾湿地冬季浮游植物群落结构特征.应用生态学报22,2431–2437.
赵怡冰,许武德,郭宇欣(2002).生物的指示作用与水环境.水资源保护(2),11–16.
Barlow SB,Kugrens P(2002).Cryptomonads from theSalton Sea,California.Hydrobiologia 473,129–137.
Kotut K,Krienitz L,Muthuri FM(1998).Temporal changesin phytoplankton structure and composition at the TurkwelGorge Reservoir,Kenya.Hydrobiologia 368,41–59.
Krammer K,Lange-Bertalot H(1997a).Bacillariophyceae1.Teil:Naviculaceae.Berlin:Spektrum AkademischerVerlag Heidelberg.pp.488–857.
Krammer K,Lange-Bertalot H(1997b).Bacillariophyceae.2.Teil:Bacillariophyceae,Epithemiaceae,Surirellaceae.Berlin:Spektrum Akademischer Verlag Heidelberg.pp.224–585.
Krammer K,Lange-Bertalot H(1997c).Bacillariophyceae.3.Teil:Centrales,Fragilariaceae,Eunotiaceae.Berlin:Spektrum Akademischer Verlag Heidelberg.pp.232–560.
Krammer K,Lange-Bertalot H(1997d).Bacillariophyceae.4.Teil:Achnanthaceae,Kritische Erg?nzunge zu Achnanthes s.l.,Navicula s.str.,Gomphonema Gesamtliteraturverzeichnis Teil 1–4.Berlin:Spektrum AkademischerVerlag Heidelberg.pp.250–425.
Lampitt RS,Wishner KF,Turley CM,Angel MV(1993).Marine snow studies in the northeast Atlantic Ocean:distribution,composition and role as a food source formigrating plankton.Mar Biol 116,689–702.
Munawar M,Munawar IF(1986).The seasonality of phytoplankton in the North American Great Lakes,a comparative synthesis.Hydrobiologia 138,85–115.
Passy SI,Bode RW,Carkson DM,Novak MA(2004).Comparative environmental assessment in the studies ofbenthic diatom,macroinvertebrate,and fish communities.Int Rev Hydrobiol 89,121–138.
Philipose MT(1982).Contributions to our knowledge ofIndian algae-III.Euglenineae-Part-I.The genus EuglenaEhrenberg.Proc Indian Acad Sci(Plant Sci)91,551–599.
Popovskaya GI(2000).Ecological monitoring of phytoplankton in Lake Baikal.Aquat Ecosyst Health Manag 3,215–225.
Salmaso N,Morabito G,Mosello R,Garibaldi L,SimonaM,Buzzi F,Ruggiu D(2003).A synoptic study of phytoplankton in the deep lakes south of the Alps(lakes Garda,Iseo,Como,Lugano and Maggiore).J Limnol 62,207–227.
Thornton KW,Kimmel BL,Payne FE(1990).ReservoirLimnology:Ecological Perspectives.New York:JohnWiley&Sons.227–231.
Zhang L,Wang MH,Hu J,Ho YS(2010).A Review of published wetland research,1991–2008:ecological engineering and ecosystem restoration.Ecol Eng 36,973–980.
Zhang NN,Fan YW,Liu YX(2011).Relationship betweendiatom communities and environmental conditions atHonghe wetland,China.Afr J Biotechnol 10,17506–17518.