燃煤锅炉掺烧生物质气运行效率及污染物排放模拟
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摘要
为解决生物质直燃给锅炉带来的运行问题,以及燃煤锅炉掺烧秸秆气对运行性能以及污染物排放的影响,建立了秸秆气化及秸秆气与煤混合燃烧模型,且对模型的气化过程与燃烧过程进行了合理验证。为保证锅炉稳定运行,设置进入锅炉系统的总热值不变,在不同秸秆含水率、秸秆气掺烧比例及炉膛过量空气系数下,研究锅炉运行性能及污染物排放变化规律。结果表明:与纯煤燃烧相比,当掺烧比和含水率从10%增大到30%,混燃温度降低,最大降幅为89.3℃;在5%～30%秸秆含水率及10%～30%秸秆气掺烧比例下,空气预热器出口处排烟体积、排烟密度、排烟质量均有变化,掺烧后锅炉效率变化范围为92.72%～93.71%,系统效率变化范围为88.75%～92.62%;空气预热器出口处烟气中NO与SO_2排放浓度随掺烧比增大均减小,10%掺烧比例条件下,过量空气系数增大,NO排放浓度先增大后稍有下降,SO_2排放浓度减小。该研究为实现生物质的合理应用并减小已有燃煤电厂的污染物排放提供了理论依据。
As a kind of rich renewable energy in China, biomass has become an important research direction for energy conservation and emission reduction and sustainable development. Most of biomass utilization can be used to generate power. In recent years, biomass co-firing with coal combustion technology has been widely developed. Because biomass gasification technology is more mature and has many applications, the biomass gas co-firing technology in a coal-fired boiler becomes the new research direction of biomass which can be used to generate electricity. Additionally, as one of the most abundant biomass energy in China, straw is the main object in this thesis. Meanwhile, the different combustion characteristics of straw gas and coal entail certain changes in combustion process and pollutant emissions. In order to solve the problem of boiler operation caused by biomass fuel performance during the direct co-firing of biomass and coal, the co-firing process of biomass gas and coal is introduced, and based on the design and operation data of a 330 MW pulverized coal boiler, the models of straw gasification and straw gas co-firing with coal were established by Aspen Plus, and the models were reasonably verified. Due to that the fuel characteristics of biomass have changed after the biomass gasification, the influence of coal-fired boiler co-firing straw gas on boiler operation performance and the change of pollutants were studied, so as to provide valuable reference for research work of biomass used in boiler co-firing. The whole model consists of the following 3 processes: the gasification process of straw, in which the air is selected as gasification agent and straw gas and straw ash will be obtained from the gasifier and the energy conservation will be realized in this process; the co-firing process of straw gas and coal in coal-fired boiler; the heat exchange process of heat transfer in tail. In this whole process, the heat exchange between the medium in super-heater, re-heater, economizer and air pre-heater and the flue gases and the air leakage in the furnace exit and economizer tail were taken into account. Meanwhile, in order to guarantee the stable operation of the boiler, under the conditions of the constant total calorific value entering the boiler system, the combustion processes cases, such as straw gas(produced by the condition of the best air to biomass ratio which ensures the highest gasification efficiency) co-firing ratio changing from 10% to 30% and straw moisture content changing from 5% to 30%, excess air ratio changing from 1 to 1.25, and the pure coal combustion were simulated, and then the change rules of the performance and pollutant emissions at the air pre-heater outlet were studied. The results show that, compared with pure coal combustion case, when the straw gas co-firing ratio and straw moisture content increase from 10% to 30%, the furnace combustion temperature decreases gradually and drops by 89.3 ℃ to the greatest extent, the flue gases density increases gradually, and the flue gas mass flow rate decreases at 10% straw moisture content cases with the increase of co-firing ratio and the rise of straw moisture content. Meanwhile, the flue gas temperature decreases by 1.87 ℃, but the temperature increases with the rise of co-firing ratio and reaches 11.78 ℃ at the most extent. Meanwhile, the boiler efficiency change range is 92.72%-93.71% and the system efficiency(the whole process efficiency including biomass syngas generated from gasifier and biomass syngas co-firing in the boiler) change range is 88.75%-92.62% when straw gas co-firing ratio is changing from 10% to 30% and straw moisture content is changing from 5% to 30%. Therefore, the influence of the co-firing process on the boiler efficiency is slight when co-firing ratio and moisture content change within the range of 30%, which provides the possibility for the high efficient utilization of straw. Additionally, NO and SO_2 emission concentration at outlet of the air pre-heater decreases gradually with the increase of co-firing ratio from 10% to 30%, and when the furnace excess air ratio changes from 1 to 1.25 under the condition of 10% co-firing ratio, NO emission concentration increases firstly and then decreases slightly, while SO_2 emission concentration decreases gradually, and the drop reaches a maximum of 1 052.6 and 219.8 mg/Nm~3 respectively for NO and SO_2 at the 30% straw moisture content and 30% co-firing ratio.
As a kind of rich renewable energy in China, biomass has become an important research direction for energy conservation and emission reduction and sustainable development. Most of biomass utilization can be used to generate power. In recent years, biomass co-firing with coal combustion technology has been widely developed. Because biomass gasification technology is more mature and has many applications, the biomass gas co-firing technology in a coal-fired boiler becomes the new research direction of biomass which can be used to generate electricity. Additionally, as one of the most abundant biomass energy in China, straw is the main object in this thesis. Meanwhile, the different combustion characteristics of straw gas and coal entail certain changes in combustion process and pollutant emissions. In order to solve the problem of boiler operation caused by biomass fuel performance during the direct co-firing of biomass and coal, the co-firing process of biomass gas and coal is introduced, and based on the design and operation data of a 330 MW pulverized coal boiler, the models of straw gasification and straw gas co-firing with coal were established by Aspen Plus, and the models were reasonably verified. Due to that the fuel characteristics of biomass have changed after the biomass gasification, the influence of coal-fired boiler co-firing straw gas on boiler operation performance and the change of pollutants were studied, so as to provide valuable reference for research work of biomass used in boiler co-firing. The whole model consists of the following 3 processes: the gasification process of straw, in which the air is selected as gasification agent and straw gas and straw ash will be obtained from the gasifier and the energy conservation will be realized in this process; the co-firing process of straw gas and coal in coal-fired boiler; the heat exchange process of heat transfer in tail. In this whole process, the heat exchange between the medium in super-heater, re-heater, economizer and air pre-heater and the flue gases and the air leakage in the furnace exit and economizer tail were taken into account. Meanwhile, in order to guarantee the stable operation of the boiler, under the conditions of the constant total calorific value entering the boiler system, the combustion processes cases, such as straw gas(produced by the condition of the best air to biomass ratio which ensures the highest gasification efficiency) co-firing ratio changing from 10% to 30% and straw moisture content changing from 5% to 30%, excess air ratio changing from 1 to 1.25, and the pure coal combustion were simulated, and then the change rules of the performance and pollutant emissions at the air pre-heater outlet were studied. The results show that, compared with pure coal combustion case, when the straw gas co-firing ratio and straw moisture content increase from 10% to 30%, the furnace combustion temperature decreases gradually and drops by 89.3 ℃ to the greatest extent, the flue gases density increases gradually, and the flue gas mass flow rate decreases at 10% straw moisture content cases with the increase of co-firing ratio and the rise of straw moisture content. Meanwhile, the flue gas temperature decreases by 1.87 ℃, but the temperature increases with the rise of co-firing ratio and reaches 11.78 ℃ at the most extent. Meanwhile, the boiler efficiency change range is 92.72%-93.71% and the system efficiency(the whole process efficiency including biomass syngas generated from gasifier and biomass syngas co-firing in the boiler) change range is 88.75%-92.62% when straw gas co-firing ratio is changing from 10% to 30% and straw moisture content is changing from 5% to 30%. Therefore, the influence of the co-firing process on the boiler efficiency is slight when co-firing ratio and moisture content change within the range of 30%, which provides the possibility for the high efficient utilization of straw. Additionally, NO and SO_2 emission concentration at outlet of the air pre-heater decreases gradually with the increase of co-firing ratio from 10% to 30%, and when the furnace excess air ratio changes from 1 to 1.25 under the condition of 10% co-firing ratio, NO emission concentration increases firstly and then decreases slightly, while SO_2 emission concentration decreases gradually, and the drop reaches a maximum of 1 052.6 and 219.8 mg/Nm~3 respectively for NO and SO_2 at the 30% straw moisture content and 30% co-firing ratio.
引文
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[3]刘联胜,赵荣煊,王高月,等.基于Aspen Plus的烟气气氛下生物质气化模拟[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(6):278-283.Liu Liansheng,Zhao Rongxuan,Wang Gaoyue,et al.Simulation on pyrolysis gasification of biomass in flue gas based on Aspen Plus[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(6):278-283.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]Laxmi P R P,Qi W,Gunther K,et al.Steam gasification of biomass with subsequent syngas adjustment using shift reaction for syngas production:An Aspen Plus model[J].Renewable Energy,2017,101:484-492.
[5]Jennifer H P,Nader M,Ehsan M.Simulation of air-steam gasification of woody biomass in a bubbling fluidized bed using Aspen Plus:A comprehensive model including pyrolysis,hydrodynamics and tar production[J].Biomass and Bioenergy,2016,95:157-166.
[6]Bassyouni M,Syed W H,Abdel-Aziz M H,et al.Date palm waste gasification in downdraft gasifier and simulation using Aspen Hysys[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2014,88:693-699.
[7]曹斌奇,刘运权,王夺.松木屑在氧气-水蒸气-二氧化碳氛围下的气化模拟研究[J].生物质化学工程,2017,51(3):14-20.Cao Binqi,Liu Yunquan,Wang Duo.Simulation of pine sawdust gasification with oxygen,steam and carbon dioxide as gasifying agents[J].Biomass Chemical Engineering,2017,51(3):14-20.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]秦恒飞,周建斌,王筠祥,等.牛粪固定床气化多联产工艺[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(6):288-293.Qin Hengfei,Zhou Jianbin,Wang Junxiang,et al.Poly-generation process for gasification of dairy manure with fixed beds[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2011,27(6):288-293.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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