利用激光打标法制备侧面均匀发光聚合物光纤
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摘要
研究了一种侧面均匀发光聚合物光纤(POF)的制备方法,采用激光打标技术在POF侧面制作变栅距(VLS)光栅型散射点,建立了激光打标VLS散射点模型,该模型由深度很浅的表面凹坑和纤芯内分布着散射颗粒的散射区组成。理论推导出散射点相对散射光功率和VLS栅距的计算公式,分析了散射点的散射光功率随凹坑深度和颗粒密度的变化规律,以及不同散射点凹坑深度和不同POF侧面发光相对出射度下VLS栅距的分布规律。结果表明散射点凹坑深度的微小变化(微米量级)对散射点的散射光功率和VLS栅距的影响很大。当散射颗粒密度N<105 mm-3时,散射点散射光功率变化不大;但是当N>105 mm-3时,散射光功率变化明显。理论计算了不同散射点凹坑深度和不同相对出射度的VLS栅距分布曲线,并且通过实验验证了理论结果的正确性。通过调节激光打标功率,实验得到了亮度均匀度高于90%的侧面发光POF。
A new method for the fabrication of a uniform side-glowing polymer optical fiber(POF)is investigated.The varied-line-space(VLS)grating scattering points are fabricated on the side of POF by laser-marking.The model of VLS grating scattering points by laser-marking is established,which is composed of shallow surface pits and scattering areas where scattering particles are distributed.The relative scattering power of scattering points and the calculating formula of VLS are derived theoretically.The change law of scattering light power of scattering points versus pit depth and particle density is analyzed.The distribution rule of VLS grating pitch versus pit depth and relative emissivity of side-glowing POF is also discussed.The results show that the tiny variation(μm level)of pit depth of scattering points has a great influence on scattering light power and VLS grating pitch.When scattering particle density is N<105 mm-3,the variance of scattering light power with the scattering point density is small.In contrast,if the scattering particle density is N>105 mm-3,the variance becomes obvious.The distribution curves of VLS grating pitch under different pit depths and relative emissivities are calculated theoretically,which are verified by experiments.In experiments,a side-glowing POF with a brightness uniformity of larger than 90% is obtained just by the adjustment of laser-marking power.
A new method for the fabrication of a uniform side-glowing polymer optical fiber(POF)is investigated.The varied-line-space(VLS)grating scattering points are fabricated on the side of POF by laser-marking.The model of VLS grating scattering points by laser-marking is established,which is composed of shallow surface pits and scattering areas where scattering particles are distributed.The relative scattering power of scattering points and the calculating formula of VLS are derived theoretically.The change law of scattering light power of scattering points versus pit depth and particle density is analyzed.The distribution rule of VLS grating pitch versus pit depth and relative emissivity of side-glowing POF is also discussed.The results show that the tiny variation(μm level)of pit depth of scattering points has a great influence on scattering light power and VLS grating pitch.When scattering particle density is N<105 mm-3,the variance of scattering light power with the scattering point density is small.In contrast,if the scattering particle density is N>105 mm-3,the variance becomes obvious.The distribution curves of VLS grating pitch under different pit depths and relative emissivities are calculated theoretically,which are verified by experiments.In experiments,a side-glowing POF with a brightness uniformity of larger than 90% is obtained just by the adjustment of laser-marking power.
引文
[1] Zhao Z T,Zhang H,Zou Y G,et al.Design and research of side lighted fiber of laser backlight source in liquid crystal display[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2017,44(3):0301004.赵致童,张贺,邹永刚,等.液晶显示器激光背光光源侧体发光光纤的设计与研究[J].中国激光,2017,44(3):0301004.
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[4] Zhao C R.Research on fiber-optical aircraft fuel level measurement based on light leakage in optical fiber[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2013.赵呈锐.基于光泄漏原理的光纤式飞机燃油液位测量方法研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2013.
[5] Zhao C R,Ye L,Ge J F.Optical fiber liquid level measurement based on coupling of side-emitting optical fiber[J].Instrument Technique and Sensor,2012(8):74-77.赵呈锐,叶林,葛俊锋.基于侧面发光光纤对射耦合的光纤式液位测量[J].仪表技术与传感器,2012(8):74-77.
[6] Jiang Y,Situ G P.Application of side-emitting polymer optical fiber in illumination[J]. China Illuminating Engineering Journal,2002,13(2):54-61.江源,司徒桂平.侧面发光的POF在照明中的应用[J].照明工程学报,2002,13(2):54-61.
[7] Xu S H,Zhang X J,Xu C X.Surface light-emitting optical fiber and its applications[J].New Chemical Materials,2003,31(8):38-39.徐思华,张晓晶,徐传骧.通体发光光纤及其应用[J].化工新型材料,2003,31(8):38-39.
[8] Liu L H.Study of the long tapered fiber optic light[D].Xinxiang:Henan Normal University,2015.刘凌辉.长距离锥形光纤灯的研究[D].新乡:河南师范大学,2015.
[9] Jin R P,Jin Z M,Yang B,et al.Preparation of sideglowing optical fiber by friction methodand study on luminance change[J].Silk,2015,52(2):31-35.金瑞鹏,金子敏,杨斌,等.摩擦法制备侧面发光光纤及亮度变化研究[J].丝绸,2015,52(2):31-35.
[10] Huang J B.Preparation method of optical fiber decoration cloth,product and luminous decoration device:CN103556360B[P].2014-02-05.黄进宝.一种光纤装饰布的制备方法、制品及发光装饰装置:CN103556360B[P].2014-02-05.
[11] Liao Q,Zhong N B, Wang Y Z.et al.Hollow lighting optical fiber capable of increasing lighting intensity,uniformity and microorganism adsorption:CN103246012A[P].2014-11-26.廖强,钟年丙,王永忠,等.增强发光强度、均匀性及微生物吸附的空心发光光纤:CN103246012A[P].2014-11-26.
[12] Jiang Y,Ling G H,Yin Z D.Preparing principle and applications of side glowing optical fiber[J].Optical Fiber&Electric Cable and their Applications,2000(4):10-16.江源,凌根华,殷志东.侧面发光光纤的制备原理及其应用[J].光纤与电缆及其应用技术,2000(4):10-16.
[13] Li H D,Fu H W,Shao M,et al.In-fiber MachZehnder interferometer based on cascading fiber air1206001-8bubble for high sensitivity liquid refractive index measurement[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2016,45(7):84-88.李辉栋,傅海威,邵敏,等.基于光纤气泡级联的高灵敏度马赫曾德干涉液体折射率传感器[J].光子学报,2016,45(7):84-88.
[14] You J J,Wang M,Rong H,et al.FiberFabry-Perot accelerometer based on SU-8photoresist[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2013,33(8):0806002.尤晶晶,王鸣,戎华,等.基于SU-8光刻胶光纤法布里-珀罗加速度传感器[J].光学学报,2013,33(8):0806002.
[15] Yang B,Chen Y Y,Gai G P.Preparation and characterization of PMMA side-glowing optical fiber[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2007,26(5):75-81.
[16] Yang T,Tao Q,Liang Z C.Research and design of uniform side-glowing optical fiber[J].Journal of Huaihai Institute of Technology(Natural Sciences Edition),2007,16(1):17-21.杨涛,陶庆,梁忠诚.通体均匀发光光纤的研究与设计[J].淮海工学院学报(自然科学版),2007,16(1):17-21.
[17] Fujieda I.Laser backlight unit based on a leaky optical fiber[J].Optical Engineering,2012,51(7):074001.
[18] Tan W S,Zhou J Z,Huang S,et al.Experiment of laser melting-forming for PMMA microstructureparts[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2014,41(7):0703009.谭文胜,周建忠,黄舒,等.PMMA微结构件激光融化成型实验[J].中国激光,2014,41(7):0703009.
[19] Ju Z K.Peparation of the grating structure in polymer optical fiber by femtosecond laser[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2012.鞠忠凯.聚合物光纤光栅结构的飞秒激光制备[D].长春:吉林大学,2012.
[20] Roufael H,Castrellonuribe J,Lomer M,et al.Fasts laser POF side long period gratings fabrication[C]∥Workshop on Specialty Optical Fibers and their Applications,August 28-30,2013,Sigtuna,Sweden.Washington:Optical Society of America,2013,F2:F2.29.
[21] Dong W C.Study of the liquid refractive index measurement based on polymer optical fiber with micro-holescreatedbyfemtosecondlaser[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2015.董文超.基于飞秒激光加工微孔聚合物光纤液体折射率传感器的研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2015.
[22] Jin R P.Research on chromaticity of optical fiber emission and product design based on mixed light modes[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,2015.金瑞鹏.光纤侧面发光色度研究及混色模式产品开发[D].杭州:浙江理工大学,2015.
[23] Yu F.Research and implementation of the key technology of laser marking[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology,2013.袁芳.激光打标关键技术的研究及实现[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2013.
[24] He S K,Zeng F D,Shi Z H.Assaying the surface of laser-carving PS[J].Polymeric Materials Science&Engineering,2004,20(5):215-217.何山坤,曾繁涤,史政海.聚苯乙烯激光雕刻的表面分析[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2004,20(5):215-217.
[25] Ye Y X,Fan D Y.Theoretical analysis and numerical calculation of transmitted light intensity of light scattering from nano-particle random scatterers[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2007,27(5):951-956.叶云霞,范滇元.光通过纳米颗粒随机散射体透射光强的计算及分析[J].光学学报,2007,27(5):951-956.
[26] Kong J A.Electromagnetic wave theory[M].Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2003:452-456.孔金瓯.电磁波理论[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003:452-456.
[27] Sun G Z,Sun Q,Ren Z B.Analysis of the radius of microsphere particles based on Mie scattering theory[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2005,34(4):495-498.孙国正,孙强,任智斌.基于Mie散射理论的微球体颗粒半径分析[J].红外与激光工程,2005,34(4):495-498.
[28] Yuan L B.Optical fiber experimental technology[M].Harbin:Harbin University of Technology Press,2005:133-134.苑立波.光纤实验技术[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2005:133-134.
[29] Guo L X,Kim C Y,Wu Z S.Light scattering from a spherical particle above a slightly rough surface and the calculation of the scattering cross section[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2003,23(6):717-723.郭立新,金彩英,吴振森.微粗糙面上方球形粒子的光散射及其散射截面的计算[J].光学学报,2003,23(6):717-723.
[31] Xie Y F,Liu H W,Hu Y X.Determining process parameters for laser derusting of ship steel plates[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2016,43(4):0403008.解宇飞,刘洪伟,胡永祥.船舶板材激光除锈工艺参数确定方法研究[J].中国激光,2016,43(4):1206001-90403008.
[32] Jia L H,Qiu F,Qian Y,et al.Digital camera photographinginmeasuringpropagationloss properties of ion-exchange planar optical waveguides[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2009,38(5):1058-1061.贾凌华,邱枫,钱颖,等.数码照相法测量离子交换平面光波导损耗特性[J].光子学报,2009,38(5):1058-1061.
[33] Chen F P,Zhang X T,Wang X Y,et al.Design of autostereoscopic 3Ddisplay with no crosstalk and full resolution[J].Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,2017,54(4):041201.陈芳萍,张晓婷,王孝艳,等.无串扰和无分辨率损失的自由3D显示器设计[J].激光与光电子学进展,2017,54(4):041201.
[2] Lin L,Wang H Y,Luo H M,et al.Enhanced photocatalysis using side-glowing optical fibers coated with Fe-doped TiO2 nanocomposite thin films[J].Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A:Chemistry,2015,307-308:88-98.
[3] Spigulis J,Pfafrods D.Clinical potential of the sideglowing optical fibers[J].Proceedings of SPIE,1997,2977:84-88.
[4] Zhao C R.Research on fiber-optical aircraft fuel level measurement based on light leakage in optical fiber[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2013.赵呈锐.基于光泄漏原理的光纤式飞机燃油液位测量方法研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2013.
[5] Zhao C R,Ye L,Ge J F.Optical fiber liquid level measurement based on coupling of side-emitting optical fiber[J].Instrument Technique and Sensor,2012(8):74-77.赵呈锐,叶林,葛俊锋.基于侧面发光光纤对射耦合的光纤式液位测量[J].仪表技术与传感器,2012(8):74-77.
[6] Jiang Y,Situ G P.Application of side-emitting polymer optical fiber in illumination[J]. China Illuminating Engineering Journal,2002,13(2):54-61.江源,司徒桂平.侧面发光的POF在照明中的应用[J].照明工程学报,2002,13(2):54-61.
[7] Xu S H,Zhang X J,Xu C X.Surface light-emitting optical fiber and its applications[J].New Chemical Materials,2003,31(8):38-39.徐思华,张晓晶,徐传骧.通体发光光纤及其应用[J].化工新型材料,2003,31(8):38-39.
[8] Liu L H.Study of the long tapered fiber optic light[D].Xinxiang:Henan Normal University,2015.刘凌辉.长距离锥形光纤灯的研究[D].新乡:河南师范大学,2015.
[9] Jin R P,Jin Z M,Yang B,et al.Preparation of sideglowing optical fiber by friction methodand study on luminance change[J].Silk,2015,52(2):31-35.金瑞鹏,金子敏,杨斌,等.摩擦法制备侧面发光光纤及亮度变化研究[J].丝绸,2015,52(2):31-35.
[10] Huang J B.Preparation method of optical fiber decoration cloth,product and luminous decoration device:CN103556360B[P].2014-02-05.黄进宝.一种光纤装饰布的制备方法、制品及发光装饰装置:CN103556360B[P].2014-02-05.
[11] Liao Q,Zhong N B, Wang Y Z.et al.Hollow lighting optical fiber capable of increasing lighting intensity,uniformity and microorganism adsorption:CN103246012A[P].2014-11-26.廖强,钟年丙,王永忠,等.增强发光强度、均匀性及微生物吸附的空心发光光纤:CN103246012A[P].2014-11-26.
[12] Jiang Y,Ling G H,Yin Z D.Preparing principle and applications of side glowing optical fiber[J].Optical Fiber&Electric Cable and their Applications,2000(4):10-16.江源,凌根华,殷志东.侧面发光光纤的制备原理及其应用[J].光纤与电缆及其应用技术,2000(4):10-16.
[13] Li H D,Fu H W,Shao M,et al.In-fiber MachZehnder interferometer based on cascading fiber air1206001-8bubble for high sensitivity liquid refractive index measurement[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2016,45(7):84-88.李辉栋,傅海威,邵敏,等.基于光纤气泡级联的高灵敏度马赫曾德干涉液体折射率传感器[J].光子学报,2016,45(7):84-88.
[14] You J J,Wang M,Rong H,et al.FiberFabry-Perot accelerometer based on SU-8photoresist[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2013,33(8):0806002.尤晶晶,王鸣,戎华,等.基于SU-8光刻胶光纤法布里-珀罗加速度传感器[J].光学学报,2013,33(8):0806002.
[15] Yang B,Chen Y Y,Gai G P.Preparation and characterization of PMMA side-glowing optical fiber[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2007,26(5):75-81.
[16] Yang T,Tao Q,Liang Z C.Research and design of uniform side-glowing optical fiber[J].Journal of Huaihai Institute of Technology(Natural Sciences Edition),2007,16(1):17-21.杨涛,陶庆,梁忠诚.通体均匀发光光纤的研究与设计[J].淮海工学院学报(自然科学版),2007,16(1):17-21.
[17] Fujieda I.Laser backlight unit based on a leaky optical fiber[J].Optical Engineering,2012,51(7):074001.
[18] Tan W S,Zhou J Z,Huang S,et al.Experiment of laser melting-forming for PMMA microstructureparts[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2014,41(7):0703009.谭文胜,周建忠,黄舒,等.PMMA微结构件激光融化成型实验[J].中国激光,2014,41(7):0703009.
[19] Ju Z K.Peparation of the grating structure in polymer optical fiber by femtosecond laser[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2012.鞠忠凯.聚合物光纤光栅结构的飞秒激光制备[D].长春:吉林大学,2012.
[20] Roufael H,Castrellonuribe J,Lomer M,et al.Fasts laser POF side long period gratings fabrication[C]∥Workshop on Specialty Optical Fibers and their Applications,August 28-30,2013,Sigtuna,Sweden.Washington:Optical Society of America,2013,F2:F2.29.
[21] Dong W C.Study of the liquid refractive index measurement based on polymer optical fiber with micro-holescreatedbyfemtosecondlaser[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2015.董文超.基于飞秒激光加工微孔聚合物光纤液体折射率传感器的研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2015.
[22] Jin R P.Research on chromaticity of optical fiber emission and product design based on mixed light modes[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,2015.金瑞鹏.光纤侧面发光色度研究及混色模式产品开发[D].杭州:浙江理工大学,2015.
[23] Yu F.Research and implementation of the key technology of laser marking[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology,2013.袁芳.激光打标关键技术的研究及实现[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2013.
[24] He S K,Zeng F D,Shi Z H.Assaying the surface of laser-carving PS[J].Polymeric Materials Science&Engineering,2004,20(5):215-217.何山坤,曾繁涤,史政海.聚苯乙烯激光雕刻的表面分析[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2004,20(5):215-217.
[25] Ye Y X,Fan D Y.Theoretical analysis and numerical calculation of transmitted light intensity of light scattering from nano-particle random scatterers[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2007,27(5):951-956.叶云霞,范滇元.光通过纳米颗粒随机散射体透射光强的计算及分析[J].光学学报,2007,27(5):951-956.
[26] Kong J A.Electromagnetic wave theory[M].Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2003:452-456.孔金瓯.电磁波理论[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003:452-456.
[27] Sun G Z,Sun Q,Ren Z B.Analysis of the radius of microsphere particles based on Mie scattering theory[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2005,34(4):495-498.孙国正,孙强,任智斌.基于Mie散射理论的微球体颗粒半径分析[J].红外与激光工程,2005,34(4):495-498.
[28] Yuan L B.Optical fiber experimental technology[M].Harbin:Harbin University of Technology Press,2005:133-134.苑立波.光纤实验技术[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2005:133-134.
[29] Guo L X,Kim C Y,Wu Z S.Light scattering from a spherical particle above a slightly rough surface and the calculation of the scattering cross section[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2003,23(6):717-723.郭立新,金彩英,吴振森.微粗糙面上方球形粒子的光散射及其散射截面的计算[J].光学学报,2003,23(6):717-723.
[31] Xie Y F,Liu H W,Hu Y X.Determining process parameters for laser derusting of ship steel plates[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2016,43(4):0403008.解宇飞,刘洪伟,胡永祥.船舶板材激光除锈工艺参数确定方法研究[J].中国激光,2016,43(4):1206001-90403008.
[32] Jia L H,Qiu F,Qian Y,et al.Digital camera photographinginmeasuringpropagationloss properties of ion-exchange planar optical waveguides[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2009,38(5):1058-1061.贾凌华,邱枫,钱颖,等.数码照相法测量离子交换平面光波导损耗特性[J].光子学报,2009,38(5):1058-1061.
[33] Chen F P,Zhang X T,Wang X Y,et al.Design of autostereoscopic 3Ddisplay with no crosstalk and full resolution[J].Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,2017,54(4):041201.陈芳萍,张晓婷,王孝艳,等.无串扰和无分辨率损失的自由3D显示器设计[J].激光与光电子学进展,2017,54(4):041201.