泽兰实蝇幼虫和虫瘿的空间分布型及抽样技术
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摘要
【目的】明确泽兰实蝇幼虫及虫瘿在野外的空间分布特点,为应用泽兰实蝇对紫茎泽兰进行生物防治并提高其防治效果提供理论指导。【方法】采用棋盘式取样法在云南省昆明市呈贡区松花村旁紫茎泽兰入侵较重的区域选取3块样地进行泽兰实蝇幼虫及虫瘿的分布情况调查,通过6种聚集度指标(扩散系数、丛生指数、聚集度指标、聚块性指标、La指标和负二项分布指标)、m*-m回归模型和Taylor幂法则等研究泽兰实蝇幼虫及虫瘿种群在野外的空间分布型,并利用种群聚集均数分析幼虫及虫瘿的聚集原因。根据Iwao的理论抽样数计算公式和序贯抽样理论公式,建立理论抽样模型及序贯抽样模型。【结果】泽兰实蝇幼虫在野外均呈聚集分布,种群分布的基本成分是个体群,但个体间相互吸引;泽兰实蝇虫瘿在野外也呈聚集分布,种群分布的基本成分是个体群,但个体间相互排斥。聚集均数分析结果表明,泽兰实蝇幼虫及虫瘿的聚集原因主要由泽兰实蝇的产卵、取食等习性和环境共同引起;建立了泽兰实蝇幼虫及虫瘿理论抽样数模型:N=(9.919/m+1.033)/D2、N=(6.632/m+0.015)/D2和序贯抽样模型:T0=10n±1.9617.24n+0.4、T0=10n±1.96 6.77n+4。【结论】泽兰实蝇幼虫及虫瘿在野外均呈聚集分布,聚集原因主要由泽兰实蝇的产卵、取食等习性和环境共同引起。
【Objective】The paper clarified the distribution characteristics of the larvae and galls of Procecidochares utilis Stone in the field to provide theoretical guidance of applying P. utilis on the biological control of Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng and improve its prevention effects.【Method】Chessboard sampling methods was used to investigate the distribution of larvae and galls in three selected plots near Songhua Village,Chenggong District,Kunming City,Yunnan Province where the invasion of E. adenophorum was very serious. The spatial distribution pattern of P. utilis larvae and galls in the field was analyzed by six aggregation indices(diffusion coefficient,clumping index,aggregation index,index of patchiness,La index and parameter of negative binominal)and two regression models(Iwao regression equation and Taylor power law),while aggregation mean was used to test and determine the reasons for the aggregation of those larvae and galls. Finally,according to Iwao theoretical sampling formula and sequential sampling theory formula,the theoretical sampling model and sequential sampling model were established.【Result】The results showed that the spatial distribution pattern of those larvae and galls belonged to the aggregation distribution,and their basic components were individual groups. In larvae population,individuals attracted each other,but among the galls,the individuals excluded. Aggregation mean analysis suggested that the gather reason of those larvae and galls was caused jointly by its oviposition,feeding habits and the environment. The theoretical sampling models of P. utilis larvae and galls were set up:N=(9.919/m+1.033)/D2,N=(6.632/m +0.015)/D2. Their sequential sampling models were as follows:T0=10 n ± 1.96 17.24 n + 0.4,T0=10 n ± 1.966.77 n + 4.【Conclusion】The spatial patterns of P. utilis larvae and galls are aggregation distribution in the field. The aggregation of larvae and galls is mainly caused by its oviposition,feeding habits and the environment.
【Objective】The paper clarified the distribution characteristics of the larvae and galls of Procecidochares utilis Stone in the field to provide theoretical guidance of applying P. utilis on the biological control of Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng and improve its prevention effects.【Method】Chessboard sampling methods was used to investigate the distribution of larvae and galls in three selected plots near Songhua Village,Chenggong District,Kunming City,Yunnan Province where the invasion of E. adenophorum was very serious. The spatial distribution pattern of P. utilis larvae and galls in the field was analyzed by six aggregation indices(diffusion coefficient,clumping index,aggregation index,index of patchiness,La index and parameter of negative binominal)and two regression models(Iwao regression equation and Taylor power law),while aggregation mean was used to test and determine the reasons for the aggregation of those larvae and galls. Finally,according to Iwao theoretical sampling formula and sequential sampling theory formula,the theoretical sampling model and sequential sampling model were established.【Result】The results showed that the spatial distribution pattern of those larvae and galls belonged to the aggregation distribution,and their basic components were individual groups. In larvae population,individuals attracted each other,but among the galls,the individuals excluded. Aggregation mean analysis suggested that the gather reason of those larvae and galls was caused jointly by its oviposition,feeding habits and the environment. The theoretical sampling models of P. utilis larvae and galls were set up:N=(9.919/m+1.033)/D2,N=(6.632/m +0.015)/D2. Their sequential sampling models were as follows:T0=10 n ± 1.96 17.24 n + 0.4,T0=10 n ± 1.966.77 n + 4.【Conclusion】The spatial patterns of P. utilis larvae and galls are aggregation distribution in the field. The aggregation of larvae and galls is mainly caused by its oviposition,feeding habits and the environment.
引文
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洪波,张云慧,李超,吐尔逊,陈林,程登发.2010.马铃薯甲虫空间分布型及序贯抽样[J].植物保护学报,37(3):206-210.[Hong B,Zhang Y H,Li C,Tu E X,Chen L,Cheng D F.2010.Spatial distribution pattern and sequential sampling of Colorado potato beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say[J].Acta Phytophylacica Sinica,37(3):206-210.]
侯世星,刘兵,温俊宝,庞华,孙世国.2013.香梨优斑螟在库尔勒香梨园中的空间分布[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),37(6):41-46.[Hou S X,Liu B,Wen J B,Pang H,Sun S G.2013.Distribution pattern of Euzophera pyriella Yang in the garden of Pyrus sinkiangensis Yu[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),37(6):41-46.]
胡长效,朱静,丁梁斌,张艳秋.2006.EXCEL在昆虫种群空间分布型分析中的应用[J].江西植保,29(3):105-108.[Hu C X,Zhu J,Ding L B,Zhang Y Q.2006.Statistical analysis of spatial distribution of insect’s population with excel[J].Jiangxi Plant Protection,29(3):105-108.]
高熹,马沙,汪金蓉,叶敏,李正跃,吴国星.2013.泽兰实蝇内生殖器官的结构及其发育状况[J].生物安全学报,22(1):61-65.[Gao X,Ma S,Wang J R,Ye M,Li ZY,Wu G X.2013.Structure and development of internal reproductive organs in Procecidochares utilis Stone(Diptera:Tephritidae)[J].Journal of Biosafety,22(1):61-65.]
矫振彪,陆宴辉,吴孔明.2012.棉田绿盲蝽的空间分布型及其抽样模型[J].应用昆虫学报,49(3):605-609.[Jiao Z B,Lu Y H,Wu K M.2012.Spatial distribution of Apolygus lucorum in cotton fields[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,49(3):605-609.]
兰明先,马沙,张某,郝凯强,鲁武锋,吴国星,高熹.2017.泽兰实蝇研究进展[J].南方农业学报,48(3):459-464.[Lan M X,Ma S,Zhang M,Hao K Q,Lu W F,Wu G X,Gao X.2017.Procecidochares utilis Stone:A review[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,48(3):459-464.]
兰明先,张某,李建一,鲁武锋,李召波,夏涛,李丽芳,吴国星,高熹.2018.泽兰实蝇幼虫内生细菌的分离鉴定及除草活性研究[J].江西农业学报,30(1):59-64.[Lan MX,Zhang M,Li J Y,Lu W F,Li Z B,Xia T,Li L F,Wu G X,Gao X.2018.Isolation,identification and herbicidal activity of symbiotic bacteria in Procecidochares utilis larvae[J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,30(1):59-64.]
兰星平.2007.关于Iwao m*-m回归模型在昆虫种群空间分布型的应用分析[J].贵州林业科技,35(1):1-8.[Lan XP.2007.Analysis on the application of Iwao’s m*-m model on the study of distribution pattern of insect population[J].Guizhou Forestry Science and Technology,35(1):1-8.]
林智慧.2004.蓼科杂草的重要天敌-褐背小萤叶甲和寥蓝齿胫叶甲的生物学、生态学研究[D].福州:福建农林大学.[Lin Z H.2004.Studies on the biology and ecology of Galerucella grisescens and Gastrophysa atrocyanea[D].Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University.]
刘长仲,周淑荣,魏怀香,林颖.2002.麦红吸浆虫幼虫在穗间的分布型及其应用[J].甘肃农业大学学报,37(2):204-208.[Liu C Z,Zhou S R,Wei H X,Lin Y.2002.Studies on the spatial patterns of Sitodiplosis mosellana(Gehin)and its applications[J].Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,37(2):204-208.]
柳青.2017.泽兰实蝇对紫茎泽兰寄生及株高与繁殖性能的影响[J].贵州农业科学,45(8):34-37.[Liu Q.2017.Procecidochares utilis on parasitism,height and reproductive performance of Eupatorium adenophorum[J].Guizhou A-gricultural Sciences,45(8):34-37.]
刘文耀,刘伦辉,和爰军.1991.泽兰实蝇对紫茎泽兰生长发育及生物量分配影响的研究[J].生态学报,11(3):21-24.[Liu W Y,Liu L H,He Y J.1991.The effect of Procecidochares utilis on growth and development,distribution of biomass of Eupatorium adenophorum[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,11(3):21-24.]
刘钊,周伟.2016.不同生境下泽兰实蝇的寄生状况及其影响因素分析[J].安徽农业科学,44(11):6-9.[Liu Z,Zhou W.2016.Analysis of the parasitic status of Procecidochares utili in different habitats and the impact factors[J].Journal of Anhui Agriculture Science,44(11):6-9.]
刘志邦,万方浩,岳雷,周忠实,蔡笃程.2014.广聚萤叶甲在豚草上的空间分布[J].环境昆虫学报,36(6):1071-1076.[Liu Z B,Wan F H,Yue L,Zhou Z S,Cai D C.2014.Spatial distribution of Ophraella communa on Ambrosia artemisiifolia[J].Journal of Environmental Entomology,36(6):1071-1076.]
马沙,吴国星,谭清,桂富荣,叶敏,高熹.2015.泽兰实蝇雌成虫的寄主选择行为[J].生物安全学报,24(1):26-31.[Ma S,Wu G X,Tan Q,Gui F R,Ye M,Gao X.2015.Host selection behavior of female adults of Procecidochares utilis(Diptera:Tephritidae)[J].Journal of Biosafety,24(1):26-31.]
唐川江,周俗.2003.紫茎泽兰防治与利用研究概况[J].四川草原,(6):7-10.[Tang C J,Zhou S.2003.Introduction to the controlling and utilizing of Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng[J].Journal of Sichuan Grassland,(6):7-10.]
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