龙葵修复镉污染土壤的研究进展
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摘要
近年来土壤镉污染问题日趋严重,对镉污染土壤的治理迫在眉睫。植物修复是净化重金属污染土壤最有潜力的原位修复技术之一,因地制宜地选择植物修复材料是大田植物修复成功实施的关键。本文综述了镉富集植物龙葵(Solanum nigrum)对镉的富集特性及生理响应;揭示了在镉胁迫下,龙葵产生根际螯合作用、区隔化及抗氧化系统的耐镉机制;概括了龙葵与添加剂、农艺措施、微生物联合修复技术等的应用研究;阐明了未来对龙葵的研究侧重点应放在提高龙葵对土壤中镉的固定和吸收方面;研究结果为重金属污染土壤植物修复工作的深入开展提供了参考。
In recent years, soil cadmium(Cd) pollution has become a serious threat, and remediation of Cd contaminated soil is urgently needed. Because of the rising interest in green and environment-friendly technologies, phytoremediation is one of the most concerned in situ technologies among various remediation methods for heavy metal contaminated soil at present,which designed to use plants to absorb or stabilize the contamination in soil. Thus, proper selection of plants is key to the successful implementation of phytoremediation in the field. The accumulation characteristics and physiological response towards Cd of a typical hyperaccumulator named Solanum nigrum was reviewed in this paper. Moreover, Cd tolerance mechanisms of rhizosphere chelation, compartmentation and antioxidant system of S. nigrum under Cd stress were also discussed. Furthermore, the application of a combined remediation technology using S. nigrum and Cd-curing additives,agronomy measures or microorganisms were analysed, and the emphasis of future research on S. nigrum was proposed to improve the fixation and absorption of Cd in the soil. The discussion in this paper will provide a good reference for the future implementation of phytoremediation in heavy metal contaminated soil.
In recent years, soil cadmium(Cd) pollution has become a serious threat, and remediation of Cd contaminated soil is urgently needed. Because of the rising interest in green and environment-friendly technologies, phytoremediation is one of the most concerned in situ technologies among various remediation methods for heavy metal contaminated soil at present,which designed to use plants to absorb or stabilize the contamination in soil. Thus, proper selection of plants is key to the successful implementation of phytoremediation in the field. The accumulation characteristics and physiological response towards Cd of a typical hyperaccumulator named Solanum nigrum was reviewed in this paper. Moreover, Cd tolerance mechanisms of rhizosphere chelation, compartmentation and antioxidant system of S. nigrum under Cd stress were also discussed. Furthermore, the application of a combined remediation technology using S. nigrum and Cd-curing additives,agronomy measures or microorganisms were analysed, and the emphasis of future research on S. nigrum was proposed to improve the fixation and absorption of Cd in the soil. The discussion in this paper will provide a good reference for the future implementation of phytoremediation in heavy metal contaminated soil.
引文
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[5]蓝崇钰,束文圣,刘威.宝山堇菜(Viola baoshanensis):一种新的镉超富集植物.科学通报,2003, 48:2046-2049.LAN C Y, SHU W S, LIU W. Viola baoshanensis:A new type of cadmium hyperconcentration plant. Chinese Science Bulletin,2003, 48:2046-2049.
[6]苏德纯,黄焕忠.油菜作为超累积植物修复镉污染土壤的潜力.中国环境科学,2002, 22:48-51.SU D C, HUANG H Z. The phytoremediation potential of oilseed rape(B. juncea)as a hyperaccumulator for cadmiumcontaminated soil. Environmental Science in China, 2002, 22:48-51.
[7]魏树和,周启星,王新.超积累植物龙葵及其对镉的富集特征.环境科学,2005, 26:167-171.WEI S H, ZHOU Q X,WANG X. Cadmium-phytoremdiation Solanum nigrum L. and its accumulating characteristics.Environmental Science, 2005, 26:167-171.
[8]熊愈辉.土培条件下东南景天对镉的耐性和富集特性的研究.安徽农业科学,2011,39:21262-21264.XIONG Y H. Study on tolerance and enrichment characteristics of Sedum alfredii Hance to Cd in soil culture. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Science, 2011,39:21262-21264.
[9] BAKER A J M, BROOKS R R. Terrestrial higher plants which hyperaccumulate metallic elements-a review of their distribution,ecology and phytochemistry. Biorecovery, 1989, 1:81-126.
[10]孙正国.龙葵对镉污染土壤的响应及其修复效应研究.江苏农业科学,2015, 43(10):397-401.SUN G Z. Response of Solanum nigrum to cadmium contaminated soil and its remediation effect. Agricultural Science of Jiangsu Province, 2015, 43(10):397-401.
[11] YU C, PENG X L, YAN H, LI X X, ZHOU Z H, YAN T L. Phytoremediation ability of Solanum nigrum L. to Cd-Contaminated soils with high levels of Cu, Zn, and Pb. Water Air Soil Pollut, 2015, 226:157-166.
[12] SUN Y B, ZHOU Q X, DIAO C Y. Effects of cadmium and arsenic on growth and metal accumulation of Cd-hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L. Bioresource Technology, 2008, 99:1103-1110.
[13]熊国焕,何艳明,奕景丽.龙葵、大叶井口边草和短萼灰叶对Pb,Cd和As污染农田的修复研究.生态与农村环境学报,2013,29(4):512-518.XIONG G H, HE Y M, YI G L. Cd-, As-, and Pb-polluted farmland remediation potentials of Solanum nigrum, Pteris cretica var.nervosa and tephrosia Candida. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2013, 29(4):512-518.
[14]于彩莲.生长调节剂强化龙葵修复镉污染土壤能力的研究.哈尔滨:哈尔滨理工大学博士学位论文,2011.YU C L. Study on the plant growth regulator enhancing remediation efficiency of Solanum nigrum L. on contaminated soil by cadmium. PhD Thesis. Harbin:Harbin University of Science and Technology, 2011.
[15] GRAMSS G, VOIGT K D, BERGMANN H. Plant availability and leaching of(heavy)metals form ammonium-, calcium-,carbohydrate-, and citric acid-treated uraniummine-dump soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition Soil Science, 2004, 167:417-427.
[16] SEREGIN I V, KOZHEVNIKOVA A D. Roles of root and shoot tissues in transport and accumulationof cadmium, lead, nickel and strontium. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 2008, 55(1):1-22.
[17] PRTIT C M, VAN DE GEJIN S C. In vivo measurement of cadmium(115Cd)transport and accumulation on the stem of intact tomato plants(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill). I. Long distance transport and local accumulation. Planta, 1978, 138:137-143.
[18] RAUSER W E. Structure and function of metal chelators produced by plants. Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics, 1999, 31:19-48.
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