壤中流和地表径流耦合下的红壤坡地氮素迁移输出过程模拟
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摘要
以红壤坡地大型渗漏装置(裸地)为研究对象,分析了泥沙量-地表氮素输出量、壤中流量-壤中氮素输出量等观测数据之间的数学关系,构建了氮素随径流泥沙输出的经验模型,并将该模型与经典的土壤水分运移模型(HYDRUS-2D)、坡面土壤侵蚀模型(WEPP)进行耦合,最终形成了一套同时可定量描述地表径流、泥沙、壤中流、氮素输出过程的综合模型。以实测数据对模型参数进行校正并进行了模型检验,校正后的参数对径流量、泥沙量、壤中流量、氮素输出量均具有较好的模拟效果(决定系数在0.41以上),其中壤中流量和壤中氮素输出量模拟效果更好,决定系数分别达0.88和0.84。分析模拟结果表明,在降雨产流期壤中氮素输出量显著高于地表氮素输出量,且在未降雨期间氮素随着壤中流持续输出,进一步印证了壤中流是红壤坡地氮素的主要流失途径。此外,壤中流产流高峰较降雨峰值延后,且一次降雨的壤中流会持续数天,说明土壤起到了一定的缓冲作用。
引文
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[2] 张展羽,王超,杨洁,等.不同植被条件下红壤坡地果园氮磷流失特征分析[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(5):479-483.
[3] VAN DAM J C,FEDDES R A.Numerical simulation of infiltration,evaporation and shallow groundwater levels with the Richards equation[J].Journal of Hydrology,2000,233(1-4):72-85.
[4] ?IMUNEK J,VAN GENUCHTEN M T,?EJNA M.Recent developments and applications of the HYDRUS computer software packages[J].Vadose Zone Journal,2016,15(7):1-25.
[5] KROES J G,VAN DAM J C,GROENENDIJK P,et al.SWAP version 3.2:Theory description and user manual[R].Wageningen:Alterra,2009:1-284.
[6] LAFLEN J M,ELLIOT W J,SIMANTON J R,et al.WEPP:Soil erodibility experiments for rangeland and cropland soils[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,1991,46(1):39-44.
[7] MORGAN R P C,QUINTON J N,SMITH R E,et al.The European Soil Erosion Model (EUROSEM):a dynamic approach for predicting sediment transport from fields and small catchments[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,1998,23(6):527-544.
[8] 雷廷武,姚春梅,张晴雯,等.细沟侵蚀动态过程模拟数学模型和有限元计算方法[J].农业工程学报,2004,20(4):7-12.
[9] 龙满生,何东健.坡面水蚀与细沟发育过程模拟研究[J].系统仿真学报,2010,22(2):348-352.