黄石国家矿山公园草本植物重金属富集能力研究
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摘要
为探究草本植物各部位对重金属的富集能力,筛选可能具有重金属污染修复潜力的草本植物,将经过六年植被自然恢复及现代生态修复后的黄石矿山公园的土壤和草本植物作为研究对象,采用原子吸收光谱法(AAS)测定黄石矿山公园内优势植物蕨菜(Pteridium aquilinum var.latiusculum)、铁线蕨(Adiantum capillus-veneris)、凤尾蕨(Pteris cretica var.nervosa)、蜈蚣草(Eremochloa ciliaris)、贯众(Cyrtomium macrophyllum)、芒草(Miscanthus sinensis)、白茅(Imperata cylindrica)、苔草(Carex spp.)、早熟禾(Poa annua)等9种草本植物的根、茎、叶及其根系土壤中的重金属含量,分析生态修复过程中草本植物对土壤重金属的富集和转移能力。结果表明,黄石市国家矿山公园的土壤受到重金属镉(Cd)、铜(Cu)的严重污染,与湖北省土壤环境背景值相比,Cd的平均污染指数达46.88,Cu次之,为10.67。草本植物对重金属元素的富集能力差别较大,蜈蚣草对重金属的富集作用较强,综合富集系数为11.14,治理土壤重金属Cd污染效果明显。蕨菜Zn含量为1568.15mg·kg~(-1),富集系数和转移系数分别为1.13、1.19;早熟禾Zn含量为1202.64mg·kg~(-1),富集系数和转移系数分别为1.08、1.08。蕨菜和早熟禾是典型的Zn富集型植物。聚类结果亦显示蕨菜富集效果最好,蜈蚣草次之,二者均可作为重金属污染土壤的修复植物。
In order to explore the accumulation of heavy metals in various parts of herbaceous plants, and to discover herbs that may have the potential for remediation of heavy metal contamination, the soils and herbaceous plants in Huangshi National Mine Park(HNMP) were sampled to study their heavy metal contents after a six-year ecological restoration in this study. The dominant herbaceous plants used for remediation included Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum, Adiantum capillus-veneris, Pteris cretica var. nervosa, Eremochloa ciliaris, Cyrtomium macrophyllum, Miscanthus sinensis, Imperata cylindrica, Carex spp., Poa annua. In order to analyze their enrichment and transfer capability of soil heavy metals, the roots, stems, leaves and rhizosphere soils were investigated to determine the heavy metal contents by atomic absorption spectrometry(AAS). The results showed that the soils in HNMP were polluted by Cd and Cu. Compared with the background value of soil environments in Hubei Province, the average pollution index of Cd was 46.88 and that of Cu was 10.67. The enrichment ability of heavy metals by herbaceous plants was quite different. Eremochloa ciliarisr could be used to control the Cd-contaminated soils by its strong enrichment ability of heavy metals, with the bioconcentration factor(BCF) of 11.14. The Zn content of Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum was 1 568.15mg·kg~(-1), with the BCF and transfer factor(TF) values of 1.13 and 1.19, respectively. The Zn content of Poa annua was 1202.64mg·kg~(-1), with the BCF and TF values of 1.08 and 1.08, respectively. It suggested that these two plants were typical Zn-rich plants. The clustering result also showed that P. aquilinum enrichment was the best, followed by E. ciliaris, both of which could be used as the repairing plants of heavy metal contaminated soil.
In order to explore the accumulation of heavy metals in various parts of herbaceous plants, and to discover herbs that may have the potential for remediation of heavy metal contamination, the soils and herbaceous plants in Huangshi National Mine Park(HNMP) were sampled to study their heavy metal contents after a six-year ecological restoration in this study. The dominant herbaceous plants used for remediation included Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum, Adiantum capillus-veneris, Pteris cretica var. nervosa, Eremochloa ciliaris, Cyrtomium macrophyllum, Miscanthus sinensis, Imperata cylindrica, Carex spp., Poa annua. In order to analyze their enrichment and transfer capability of soil heavy metals, the roots, stems, leaves and rhizosphere soils were investigated to determine the heavy metal contents by atomic absorption spectrometry(AAS). The results showed that the soils in HNMP were polluted by Cd and Cu. Compared with the background value of soil environments in Hubei Province, the average pollution index of Cd was 46.88 and that of Cu was 10.67. The enrichment ability of heavy metals by herbaceous plants was quite different. Eremochloa ciliarisr could be used to control the Cd-contaminated soils by its strong enrichment ability of heavy metals, with the bioconcentration factor(BCF) of 11.14. The Zn content of Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum was 1 568.15mg·kg~(-1), with the BCF and transfer factor(TF) values of 1.13 and 1.19, respectively. The Zn content of Poa annua was 1202.64mg·kg~(-1), with the BCF and TF values of 1.08 and 1.08, respectively. It suggested that these two plants were typical Zn-rich plants. The clustering result also showed that P. aquilinum enrichment was the best, followed by E. ciliaris, both of which could be used as the repairing plants of heavy metal contaminated soil.
引文
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安志装,陈同斌,雷梅,等.2003.蜈蚣草耐铅、铜、锌毒性和修复能力的研究[J].生态学报,23(27):2594-2596.
葛绪广,张欢欢,陈琳,等.2017.矿区蕨类植物重金属富集性调查研究——以黄石国家矿山公园为例[J].湖北师范学院学报(自然科学版),37(1):8-11.
郭晓宏,朱广龙,魏学智.2016.5种草本植物对土壤重金属铅的吸收、富集及转运[J].水土保持研究,23(1):183-186.
韩明,刘红瑛,HAN M,等.2007.黄石市土壤中重金属污染变化趋势分析[J].环境科学与技术,30(z1):75-76.
黎承波.2017.重金属在土壤-植物系统中的迁移转化研究进展[J].山东化工,46(14):186-187.
李榜江,王龙昌,龙明忠,等.2013.极端酸性条件下蜈蚣草对重金属污染环境的修复效应[J].水土保持学报,27(5):184-187.
李小刚,占长林,王路,等.2017.大冶铁矿尾矿库区土壤重金属垂直分布特征及污染评价[J].湖北理工学院学报,33(3):28-33.
李影,刘鹏.2016.Cd胁迫对3种蕨类植物生理代谢及镉累积特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,30(3):128-133.
束文圣,杨开颜,张志权,等.2001.湖北铜绿山古铜矿冶炼渣植被与优势植物的重金属含量研究[J].应用与环境生物学报,7(1):7-12.
徐华伟,张仁陟,谢永.2009.铅锌矿区先锋植物野艾蒿对重金属的吸收与富集特征[J].农业环境科学学报,28(6):1136-1141.
杨贤均,刘可慧,李艺,等.2017.锰污染土壤对酸模叶蓼氮素代谢的影响[J].生态环境学报,26(10):1776-1781
杨亚琴.2016.不同园林绿化植物对土壤重金属的吸收富集研究[J].江苏农业科学,44(3):364-368.
张丽,彭重华,王莹雪,等.2014.14种植物对土壤重金属的分布、富集及转运特性[J].草业科学,31(5):833-838.
张然然,罗鹏林,刘远河,等.2016.大冶铜绿山矿区优势草本植物重金属富集能力测定[J].化学与生物工程,33(11):63-70.
张文娟,王利军,王丽,等.2017.西安市地表灰尘中重金属污染水平与健康风险评价[J].土壤通报,48(2):481-487.
张子萍,刘敏,方元平,等.2011.湖北黄石国家矿山公园种子植物区系研究[J].安徽农业科学,39(3):1261-1262.
BROOKS R R,LEE J,REEVES R D,et al.1977.Detection of nickeliferous rocks by analysis of herbarium specimens of indicator plants[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,7:49-57.
CHANEY R L.1983.Plant uptake of inorganic waste constituents[C]//Land Treatment of Hazardous Wastes.Noyes Data Corporation,New Jersey:Park Ridge,3:50-76.
HU R,SUN K,SU X,et al.2012.Physiological responses and tolerance mechanisms to Pb in two xerophils:Salsola passerina Bunge and Chenopodium album L.[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials.205:131-138
LIU J,SHANG W,ZHANG X,et al.2014.Mn accumulation and tolerance in Celosia argentea Linn.:a new Mn-hyperaccumulating plant species[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,267(1):136-141.
MAYEROVáM,PETROVá?,MADARAS M,et al.2017.Non-enhanced phytoextraction of cadmium,zinc,and lead by high-yielding crops[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research:24(17):14706-14716.
PUNZ W F,SIEGHARDT H.1993.The response of roots of herbaceous plant species to heavy metals[J].Environmental and Experiment Botany,33(1):85-98.
安志装,陈同斌,雷梅,等.2003.蜈蚣草耐铅、铜、锌毒性和修复能力的研究[J].生态学报,23(27):2594-2596.
葛绪广,张欢欢,陈琳,等.2017.矿区蕨类植物重金属富集性调查研究——以黄石国家矿山公园为例[J].湖北师范学院学报(自然科学版),37(1):8-11.
郭晓宏,朱广龙,魏学智.2016.5种草本植物对土壤重金属铅的吸收、富集及转运[J].水土保持研究,23(1):183-186.
韩明,刘红瑛,HAN M,等.2007.黄石市土壤中重金属污染变化趋势分析[J].环境科学与技术,30(z1):75-76.
黎承波.2017.重金属在土壤-植物系统中的迁移转化研究进展[J].山东化工,46(14):186-187.
李榜江,王龙昌,龙明忠,等.2013.极端酸性条件下蜈蚣草对重金属污染环境的修复效应[J].水土保持学报,27(5):184-187.
李小刚,占长林,王路,等.2017.大冶铁矿尾矿库区土壤重金属垂直分布特征及污染评价[J].湖北理工学院学报,33(3):28-33.
李影,刘鹏.2016.Cd胁迫对3种蕨类植物生理代谢及镉累积特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,30(3):128-133.
束文圣,杨开颜,张志权,等.2001.湖北铜绿山古铜矿冶炼渣植被与优势植物的重金属含量研究[J].应用与环境生物学报,7(1):7-12.
徐华伟,张仁陟,谢永.2009.铅锌矿区先锋植物野艾蒿对重金属的吸收与富集特征[J].农业环境科学学报,28(6):1136-1141.
杨贤均,刘可慧,李艺,等.2017.锰污染土壤对酸模叶蓼氮素代谢的影响[J].生态环境学报,26(10):1776-1781
杨亚琴.2016.不同园林绿化植物对土壤重金属的吸收富集研究[J].江苏农业科学,44(3):364-368.
张丽,彭重华,王莹雪,等.2014.14种植物对土壤重金属的分布、富集及转运特性[J].草业科学,31(5):833-838.
张然然,罗鹏林,刘远河,等.2016.大冶铜绿山矿区优势草本植物重金属富集能力测定[J].化学与生物工程,33(11):63-70.
张文娟,王利军,王丽,等.2017.西安市地表灰尘中重金属污染水平与健康风险评价[J].土壤通报,48(2):481-487.
张子萍,刘敏,方元平,等.2011.湖北黄石国家矿山公园种子植物区系研究[J].安徽农业科学,39(3):1261-1262.