摘要
为探究草本植物各部位对重金属的富集能力,筛选可能具有重金属污染修复潜力的草本植物,将经过六年植被自然恢复及现代生态修复后的黄石矿山公园的土壤和草本植物作为研究对象,采用原子吸收光谱法(AAS)测定黄石矿山公园内优势植物蕨菜(Pteridium aquilinum var.latiusculum)、铁线蕨(Adiantum capillus-veneris)、凤尾蕨(Pteris cretica var.nervosa)、蜈蚣草(Eremochloa ciliaris)、贯众(Cyrtomium macrophyllum)、芒草(Miscanthus sinensis)、白茅(Imperata cylindrica)、苔草(Carex spp.)、早熟禾(Poa annua)等9种草本植物的根、茎、叶及其根系土壤中的重金属含量,分析生态修复过程中草本植物对土壤重金属的富集和转移能力。结果表明,黄石市国家矿山公园的土壤受到重金属镉(Cd)、铜(Cu)的严重污染,与湖北省土壤环境背景值相比,Cd的平均污染指数达46.88,Cu次之,为10.67。草本植物对重金属元素的富集能力差别较大,蜈蚣草对重金属的富集作用较强,综合富集系数为11.14,治理土壤重金属Cd污染效果明显。蕨菜Zn含量为1568.15mg·kg~(-1),富集系数和转移系数分别为1.13、1.19;早熟禾Zn含量为1202.64mg·kg~(-1),富集系数和转移系数分别为1.08、1.08。蕨菜和早熟禾是典型的Zn富集型植物。聚类结果亦显示蕨菜富集效果最好,蜈蚣草次之,二者均可作为重金属污染土壤的修复植物。
In order to explore the accumulation of heavy metals in various parts of herbaceous plants, and to discover herbs that may have the potential for remediation of heavy metal contamination, the soils and herbaceous plants in Huangshi National Mine Park(HNMP) were sampled to study their heavy metal contents after a six-year ecological restoration in this study. The dominant herbaceous plants used for remediation included Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum, Adiantum capillus-veneris, Pteris cretica var. nervosa, Eremochloa ciliaris, Cyrtomium macrophyllum, Miscanthus sinensis, Imperata cylindrica, Carex spp., Poa annua. In order to analyze their enrichment and transfer capability of soil heavy metals, the roots, stems, leaves and rhizosphere soils were investigated to determine the heavy metal contents by atomic absorption spectrometry(AAS). The results showed that the soils in HNMP were polluted by Cd and Cu. Compared with the background value of soil environments in Hubei Province, the average pollution index of Cd was 46.88 and that of Cu was 10.67. The enrichment ability of heavy metals by herbaceous plants was quite different. Eremochloa ciliarisr could be used to control the Cd-contaminated soils by its strong enrichment ability of heavy metals, with the bioconcentration factor(BCF) of 11.14. The Zn content of Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum was 1 568.15mg·kg~(-1), with the BCF and transfer factor(TF) values of 1.13 and 1.19, respectively. The Zn content of Poa annua was 1202.64mg·kg~(-1), with the BCF and TF values of 1.08 and 1.08, respectively. It suggested that these two plants were typical Zn-rich plants. The clustering result also showed that P. aquilinum enrichment was the best, followed by E. ciliaris, both of which could be used as the repairing plants of heavy metal contaminated soil.
引文
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