突发事件风险管理的政策工具及使用偏好——以文本大数据为基础的扎根理论分析
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摘要
理解本地风险管理的体系及其运作基础是将风险置于社会背景之中,聚焦政府风险管理的政策工具及其使用偏好。作为一项探索性的研究,使用文本大数据与扎根理论分析相结合的方法,从标准设定与引导、信息收集与处理、行为转变三大层面,对政府风险管理政策工具进行分析。通过文本大数据库的构建、清洗与归类,结果表明:政府风险管理政策工具呈现出多样性和选择性,风险管理的政策工具与政治之间存在着紧密联系。研究有助于理解政府风险管理的政策工具基本图景及其使用偏好,也可以更好地解释政府风险管理的政治特征。
The basis of understanding the system of local risk management and its operation is placing the risk in a social context and focusing on policy instrument for government risk management and its using preference.As an exploratory study, this article will analyze policy instrument for government risk management by using the method of combining text big data with grounded theory analysis and from three levels of standard setting and guidance, information collection and processing, and behavior change. Through the construction of, the check of, and the classification of text big database, the results show that policy instrument for government risk management is diverse and selective, and that there is a close connection between policy instrument for government risk and politics. This study is helpful to understand the basic picture of policy instrument for government risk management and its using preference, and also to better explain the political characteristics of government risk management.
The basis of understanding the system of local risk management and its operation is placing the risk in a social context and focusing on policy instrument for government risk management and its using preference.As an exploratory study, this article will analyze policy instrument for government risk management by using the method of combining text big data with grounded theory analysis and from three levels of standard setting and guidance, information collection and processing, and behavior change. Through the construction of, the check of, and the classification of text big database, the results show that policy instrument for government risk management is diverse and selective, and that there is a close connection between policy instrument for government risk and politics. This study is helpful to understand the basic picture of policy instrument for government risk management and its using preference, and also to better explain the political characteristics of government risk management.
引文
[1] HOOD C, ROTHSTEIN H, BALDWIN R. The government of risk:understanding risk regulation regimes[M]. Oxford:Oxford University Press,2001:9.
[2] N. LUHMANN. Risk:a sociology theory[M]. New York:Walter de Gruyter,1993:98-100.
[3] W. FREUDENBURG. Nothing recedes like success?Risk analysis and the organizational amplification of risks[J].Risk-issues in Health&Safety, 1992(1):1-35.
[4] U. ROSENTHAL, P.'T HART, A. KOUZMIN.The bureau-politics of crisis management[J].Public administration, 1991(2):211-233.
[5] P.'T HART. Symbols, rituals and power:the lost dimension in crisis management[J].Journal of contingencies and crisis management, 1993(1):36-50.
[6] C. HOOD. What happens when transparency meets blame-avoidance[J].Public management review, 2007,9(2):191-210.
[7]王玲玲,周利敏.公共安全、风险预防及治理策略选择——以“12·31”上海外滩踩踏事件为例[J].广州大学学报(社会科学版),2016(12):28-35.
[8]张成福,陈占峰,谢一帆.风险社会与风险治理[J].教学与研究,2009(5):5-11.
[9]薛澜,周玲,朱琴.风险治理:完善和提升国家公共安全管理的基石[J].江苏社会科学,2008(6):7-11.
[10]童星.社会学风险预警研究与行政学危机管理研究的整合[J].湖南师范大学学报(社会科学版),2008(2):66-70.
[11]陶鹏,童星.我国自然灾害管理中的“应急失灵”及其矫正——从2010年西南五省(市、区)旱灾谈起[J].江苏社会科学,2011(2):22-28.
[12]曹正汉,周杰.社会风险与地方分权——中国食品安全监管实行地方分级管理的原因[J].社会学研究,2013(1):182-205+245.
[13]克里斯托弗·胡德,科林·斯科特,奥利弗·詹姆斯,乔治·琼斯,托尼·查沃斯.监督政府:节俭、优质与廉政体制设置[M].陈伟,译.上海:三联书店,2009:49.
[14] MONROE B L, PAN J, ROBERTS M E, SENM&SINCLAIR B. Formal theory, causal inference, and big data are not contradictory trends in political science[J]. Political science&politics, 2015(1):71-74.
(1)较早的风险管理理论由20世纪中后期学者Beck, Fischhoff, Freudenburg等提出。相关文献可参阅BECK, ULRICH. Politics of Risk Society[M];JANE FRANKLIN(ed.). The Politics of Risk Society US:Blackwell,1998:10; Fischhoff, B.. Risk Perception and Communication Unplugged:Twenty Years of Process[J]. Risk Analysis, 1995(2):137-145 ; FREUDENBURG, W.R. Risk and Recreancy:Weber, the Division of Labor, and the Rationality of Risk Perceptions[J]. Social Forces, 1993(4):909-932.
(1)国内相关研究可参阅薛澜、周玲、朱琴:风险治理:完善和提升国家公共安全管理的基石[J].江苏社会科学,2008(6);钟开斌:风险管理:从被动反应到主动保障[J].中国行政管理,2007(11)等.
(1)该数据库是收录2000年以来中国国内重要报纸刊载的学术性、资料性文献的连续动态更新的数据库,其覆盖的报纸主要为国内公开发行的500多种重要报纸,至2017年11月,累积报纸全文文献1000多万篇。
[2] N. LUHMANN. Risk:a sociology theory[M]. New York:Walter de Gruyter,1993:98-100.
[3] W. FREUDENBURG. Nothing recedes like success?Risk analysis and the organizational amplification of risks[J].Risk-issues in Health&Safety, 1992(1):1-35.
[4] U. ROSENTHAL, P.'T HART, A. KOUZMIN.The bureau-politics of crisis management[J].Public administration, 1991(2):211-233.
[5] P.'T HART. Symbols, rituals and power:the lost dimension in crisis management[J].Journal of contingencies and crisis management, 1993(1):36-50.
[6] C. HOOD. What happens when transparency meets blame-avoidance[J].Public management review, 2007,9(2):191-210.
[7]王玲玲,周利敏.公共安全、风险预防及治理策略选择——以“12·31”上海外滩踩踏事件为例[J].广州大学学报(社会科学版),2016(12):28-35.
[8]张成福,陈占峰,谢一帆.风险社会与风险治理[J].教学与研究,2009(5):5-11.
[9]薛澜,周玲,朱琴.风险治理:完善和提升国家公共安全管理的基石[J].江苏社会科学,2008(6):7-11.
[10]童星.社会学风险预警研究与行政学危机管理研究的整合[J].湖南师范大学学报(社会科学版),2008(2):66-70.
[11]陶鹏,童星.我国自然灾害管理中的“应急失灵”及其矫正——从2010年西南五省(市、区)旱灾谈起[J].江苏社会科学,2011(2):22-28.
[12]曹正汉,周杰.社会风险与地方分权——中国食品安全监管实行地方分级管理的原因[J].社会学研究,2013(1):182-205+245.
[13]克里斯托弗·胡德,科林·斯科特,奥利弗·詹姆斯,乔治·琼斯,托尼·查沃斯.监督政府:节俭、优质与廉政体制设置[M].陈伟,译.上海:三联书店,2009:49.
[14] MONROE B L, PAN J, ROBERTS M E, SENM&SINCLAIR B. Formal theory, causal inference, and big data are not contradictory trends in political science[J]. Political science&politics, 2015(1):71-74.
(1)较早的风险管理理论由20世纪中后期学者Beck, Fischhoff, Freudenburg等提出。相关文献可参阅BECK, ULRICH. Politics of Risk Society[M];JANE FRANKLIN(ed.). The Politics of Risk Society US:Blackwell,1998:10; Fischhoff, B.. Risk Perception and Communication Unplugged:Twenty Years of Process[J]. Risk Analysis, 1995(2):137-145 ; FREUDENBURG, W.R. Risk and Recreancy:Weber, the Division of Labor, and the Rationality of Risk Perceptions[J]. Social Forces, 1993(4):909-932.
(1)国内相关研究可参阅薛澜、周玲、朱琴:风险治理:完善和提升国家公共安全管理的基石[J].江苏社会科学,2008(6);钟开斌:风险管理:从被动反应到主动保障[J].中国行政管理,2007(11)等.
(1)该数据库是收录2000年以来中国国内重要报纸刊载的学术性、资料性文献的连续动态更新的数据库,其覆盖的报纸主要为国内公开发行的500多种重要报纸,至2017年11月,累积报纸全文文献1000多万篇。