垦殖对川西北高寒草地土壤有机氮组分的影响
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摘要
不合理的垦殖是造成土壤退化的主要原因之一。为了揭示垦殖对高寒草地土壤有机氮组分变化特征的影响,以垦殖1,3,10,16,27,40年后的川西北高寒草地为研究对象,以未垦殖的天然草地为对照,通过土壤采样与分析,研究了垦殖对川西北高寒草地酸解性全氮、酸解铵态氮、氨基糖态氮、氨基酸态氮、酸解未知氮和酸不溶性氮变化特征的影响。结果表明:在川西北高寒草地垦殖过程中,随着垦殖年限的增加,引起了酸解性全氮、酸解铵态氮、氨基糖态氮、氨基酸态氮、酸解未知氮和酸不溶性氮含量的显著下降(P<0.05),特别是在0—20cm土层,分别降低了72.15%,62.72%,66.08%,63.44%,94.00%,51.78%。有机氮组分中下降程度最大的是酸解未知氮。从不同垦殖年限看,酸解性全氮、酸解铵态氮、氨基糖态氮、氨基酸态氮、酸解未知氮和酸不溶性氮含量下降主要发生在垦殖前10年,随着垦殖年限的增加年平均减少率逐渐降低。因此,减少高寒草地垦殖对于促进川西北高原生态系统平衡和高寒草地可持续发展具有重要意义。
Unreasonable cultivation is one of the main causes of soil degradation.In order to reveal the effect of cultivation on the change characteristics of soil organic nitrogen in alpine grassland,this study took alpine meadows of northwestern Sichuan after cultivation for 1,3,10,16,27 and 40 years as research objects and the uncultivated natural grassland as the control.The effects of cultivation on total acid hydrolysable nitrogen(TAHN),acid solution of ammonium nitrogen(ASAN),amino sugar nitrogen(ASN),amino acid nitrogen(AAN),acid hydrolysable unknown nitrogen(AHUN)and acid insoluble nitrogen(NAHN)were studied through soil sampling and analysis.The results showed that the contents of TAHN,ASAN,ASN,AAN,AHUN and NAHN decreased significantly(P <0.05)with the increasing of cultivation years in the alpine grassland in northwestern Sichuan,especially in 0—20 cm soil layer,which decreased by 72.15%,62.72%,66.08%,63.44%,94.00%and 51.78%,respectively.The AHUN was the most significant decrease among the organic nitrogen components.The decrease of TAHN,ASAN,ASN,AAN,AHUN and NAHN mainly occurred in the first ten years of cultivation,and the annual average reduce rate decreased with the increasing of reclamation years.Therefore,reducing the reclamation of alpine grassland is important to promote the ecosystem balance and sustainable development of alpine grassland in the northwest Sichuan Plateau.
Unreasonable cultivation is one of the main causes of soil degradation.In order to reveal the effect of cultivation on the change characteristics of soil organic nitrogen in alpine grassland,this study took alpine meadows of northwestern Sichuan after cultivation for 1,3,10,16,27 and 40 years as research objects and the uncultivated natural grassland as the control.The effects of cultivation on total acid hydrolysable nitrogen(TAHN),acid solution of ammonium nitrogen(ASAN),amino sugar nitrogen(ASN),amino acid nitrogen(AAN),acid hydrolysable unknown nitrogen(AHUN)and acid insoluble nitrogen(NAHN)were studied through soil sampling and analysis.The results showed that the contents of TAHN,ASAN,ASN,AAN,AHUN and NAHN decreased significantly(P <0.05)with the increasing of cultivation years in the alpine grassland in northwestern Sichuan,especially in 0—20 cm soil layer,which decreased by 72.15%,62.72%,66.08%,63.44%,94.00%and 51.78%,respectively.The AHUN was the most significant decrease among the organic nitrogen components.The decrease of TAHN,ASAN,ASN,AAN,AHUN and NAHN mainly occurred in the first ten years of cultivation,and the annual average reduce rate decreased with the increasing of reclamation years.Therefore,reducing the reclamation of alpine grassland is important to promote the ecosystem balance and sustainable development of alpine grassland in the northwest Sichuan Plateau.
引文
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[17] Kielland K,Mcfarland J W,Ruess R W,et al.Rapid cycling of organic nitrogen in taiga forest ecosystems[J].Ecosystems,2007,10(3):360-368.
[18]张玉玲,陈温福,虞娜,等.东北地区滨海盐渍土型稻田土壤有机氮组分的研究[J].土壤通报,2012,43(5):1167-1172.
[19] Rovira P,Vallejo V R.Labile and recalcitrant pools of carbon and nitrogen in organic matter decomposing at different depths in soil:An acid hydrolysis approach[J].Geoderma,2002,107(1/2):109-141.
[20] Li L L,Li S T.Nitrogen mineralization from animal manures and its relation to organic N fractions[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2014,13(9):2040-2048.
[21]李响,何红波,张威,等.外源无机氮素形态对土壤氨基糖动态的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(5):1153-1158.
[2]万婷,涂卫国,席欢,等.川西北不同程度沙化草地植被和土壤特征研究[J].草地学报,2013,21(4):650-657.
[3]张新跃,周俗.川西北牧区草地资源的保护与畜牧业发展对策[J].草业与畜牧,2000(1):4-9.
[4]李守剑,贾程.川西北高寒草地退化成因及恢复对策[J].四川林业科技,2013,34(6):89-92.
[5]薛菁芳,陈书强,汪景宽.玉米秸秆对棕壤中可溶性无机氮和有机氮的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2011(4):41-45.
[6]肖伟伟,范晓晖,杨林章,等.长期定位施肥对潮土有机氮组分和有机碳的影响[J].土壤学报,2009,46(2):274-280.
[7] Schulten H R,Schnitzer M.The chemistry of soil organic nitrogen:A review[J].Biology&Fertility of Soils,1997,26(1):1-15.
[8] Bremner J M.Organic forms of nitrogen[M].Madison:American Society of Agronomy,1965:1238-1255.
[9]查春梅,颜丽,郝长红,等.不同土地利用方式对棕壤有机氮组分及其剖面分布的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(1):22-26.
[10]张玉玲,陈温福,虞娜,等.长期不同土地利用方式对潮棕壤有机氮组分及剖面分布的影响[J].土壤学报,2012,49(4):740-747.
[11] Saggar S,Yeates G W,Shepherd T G.Cultivation effects on soil biological properties,microfauna and organic matter dynamics in Eutric Gleysol and Gleyic Luvisol soils in New Zealand[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2001,58(1/2):55-68.
[12]富东英,田秀平,薛菁芳,等.长期施肥与耕作对白浆土有机态氮组分的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2005,24(6):1127-1131.
[13]王媛,周建斌,杨学云.长期不同培肥处理对土壤有机氮组分及氮素矿化特性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(6):1173-1180.
[14]李菊梅,李生秀.可矿化氮与各有机氮组分的关系[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2003,9(2):158-164.
[15] Zhang Q C,Wang G H,Xie W X.Soil organic N forms and N supply as affected by fertilization under intensive rice cropping system[J].Pedosphere,2006,16(3):345-353.
[16]党亚爱,王国栋,李世清,等.黄土高原典型土壤有机氮组分剖面分布的变化特征[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(24):5021-5030.
[17] Kielland K,Mcfarland J W,Ruess R W,et al.Rapid cycling of organic nitrogen in taiga forest ecosystems[J].Ecosystems,2007,10(3):360-368.
[18]张玉玲,陈温福,虞娜,等.东北地区滨海盐渍土型稻田土壤有机氮组分的研究[J].土壤通报,2012,43(5):1167-1172.
[19] Rovira P,Vallejo V R.Labile and recalcitrant pools of carbon and nitrogen in organic matter decomposing at different depths in soil:An acid hydrolysis approach[J].Geoderma,2002,107(1/2):109-141.
[20] Li L L,Li S T.Nitrogen mineralization from animal manures and its relation to organic N fractions[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2014,13(9):2040-2048.
[21]李响,何红波,张威,等.外源无机氮素形态对土壤氨基糖动态的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(5):1153-1158.