库尔勒香梨气候品质评价指标及模型的研究
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摘要
以库尔勒市哈拉苏园艺场、上户镇园艺场、沙依东园艺场、库尔楚园艺场为研究点,对2013—2016年各生育期的香梨进行抽样调查,统计分析品质与气象因子、人工管理、气象灾害程度等因素的关系,建立库尔勒香梨果实气候品质评价指标及模型。结果表明:(1)单果质量的主要影响因子是5月平均气温日较差和平均相对湿度;果形指数的主要影响因子是5月日平均气温和9月平均相对湿度;果实硬度的主要影响因子是6—7月平均气温和8月平均气温日较差;可溶性固形物的主要影响因子是7月的平均气温日较差和平均相对湿度,8月的日平均气温和相对湿度,9月的日平均最低气温。(2)库尔勒香梨气候品质评价模型由区域适宜性、单果质量、果形指数、果实硬度、可溶性固形物、气象灾害、人工管理共7个因子构成。(3)库尔勒香梨气候品质认证结果划分为特优、优、良好、一般4个等级。(4)2017年样点果园中沙依东园艺场香梨气候品质评价结果为良好,上户镇园艺场为特优,哈拉苏园艺场为优,库尔楚园艺场为良好。
A sample survey of the different growth durations was conducted in this study,taking Halasu garden,Shanghu Town garden,Shayidong garden,Kuerchu garden as the experimental units from 2013 to 2016. The relationships between the inner quality and meteorological factors,appearance quality and meteorological factors, manual management, meteorological disaster grade, etc. were analyzed in this study. Regression analysis was used,and the evaluation index and model of the climatological quality for the Korla Fragrant Pear were established in this study. The results showed that:(1) the main factors influencing single fruit weight were daily temperature range and relative humidity in May. The main factors influencing fruit shape index were daily average temperature in May and relative humidity in September. The main factors influencing fruit firmness were mean monthly temperatures from June to July and daily temperature ranges in August. The main factors influencing soluble solid were daily temperature ranges and relative humidity in July,daily temperature ranges and relative humidity in August,daily minimum temperatures in September.(2) Model of the climatological quality for the Korla Fragrant Pear was established by regional suitability evaluation,single fruit weight,fruit shape index,fruit firmness,soluble solid,meteorological disaster and manual management.(3) The results of the climate quality certification of Korla Fragrant Pear were divided into four grades:excellent,good,well and ordinary.(4)According to this classification,the Fragrant pear in Shayidong garden spot and Kuerchu garden spot belonges to well grade,that in Shanghu Town garden spot belongs to excellent grade,and that in Halasu garden spot belongs to good grade.
A sample survey of the different growth durations was conducted in this study,taking Halasu garden,Shanghu Town garden,Shayidong garden,Kuerchu garden as the experimental units from 2013 to 2016. The relationships between the inner quality and meteorological factors,appearance quality and meteorological factors, manual management, meteorological disaster grade, etc. were analyzed in this study. Regression analysis was used,and the evaluation index and model of the climatological quality for the Korla Fragrant Pear were established in this study. The results showed that:(1) the main factors influencing single fruit weight were daily temperature range and relative humidity in May. The main factors influencing fruit shape index were daily average temperature in May and relative humidity in September. The main factors influencing fruit firmness were mean monthly temperatures from June to July and daily temperature ranges in August. The main factors influencing soluble solid were daily temperature ranges and relative humidity in July,daily temperature ranges and relative humidity in August,daily minimum temperatures in September.(2) Model of the climatological quality for the Korla Fragrant Pear was established by regional suitability evaluation,single fruit weight,fruit shape index,fruit firmness,soluble solid,meteorological disaster and manual management.(3) The results of the climate quality certification of Korla Fragrant Pear were divided into four grades:excellent,good,well and ordinary.(4)According to this classification,the Fragrant pear in Shayidong garden spot and Kuerchu garden spot belonges to well grade,that in Shanghu Town garden spot belongs to excellent grade,and that in Halasu garden spot belongs to good grade.
引文
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[18]魏钦平,张继祥,毛志泉,等.苹果优质生产的最适气象因子和气候区划[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(5):713-716.
[19]魏钦平,程述汉,唐芳,等.红富士苹果品质与生态气象因子关系的研究[J].应用生态学报,1999,10(3):289-292.
[20]周纯,林盛华,李武兴,等.影响苹果品质形成的主要环境因子研究初报[J].山西果树,2002(2):5-7.
[21]杨振伟.气象因子与国光苹果品质关系的研究[J].华北农学报,2000,15(增刊):148-152.
[22]张慧岚.气候条件对库尔勒香梨生长影响的分析[J].气象,2005,31(8):84-86.
[23]赵勇军,吴新国,吉春容.库尔勒市香梨冻害及风险分布[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2011,5(1):53-57.
[24]李刚,尹忠岭,刁鹏.巴州大风灾害及其对农业影响的风险评估[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2016,10(增刊):.
[25]杨庆礼,何子顺.新疆库尔勒库尔勒香梨风灾的防范与补救[J].果树实用技术与信息,2011(10):39-41.
[26]陈思今.库尔勒香梨独特品质气候成因的分析[J].巴州科技,2003(2):10-13.
[27]王太祥,周应恒.新疆库尔勒香梨产业发展现状,问题与政策建议[J].农业考古,2010(6):67-69.
[28]南更明,邓慧君.库尔勒香梨盛果期栽培管理技术[J].新疆农垦科技,1992(3):31-33.
[29]曾甜,郑点,李建军,等.2017年新疆风灾对‘库尔勒香梨’的影响---以沙依东园艺场为例[J].中国果树,2017(增刊):54-55.
[30]周昊楠,华烨,秦榕.新疆地区年平均风速数据非均一影响研究[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2016,10(5):17-24.
[31]刘灿盛,蒲永义.元帅系苹果品质与气象条件关系的研究[J].园艺学报,1987,14(2):73-79.
[2]陈嫣.农产品地理标志原理与实践探索[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2008.
[3]简咏梅.浅析新疆开展农产品气候品质认证的意义[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2014,8(8):91-93.
[4]金志凤,王治海,姚益平,等.浙江省茶叶气候品质等级评价[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(5):1456-1463.
[5]刘金铜.我国元帅系苹果品质气候生态的综合评价研究[J].农业系统科学与综合研究,1995,11(4):304-308.
[6]徐腊梅,杨举芳.葡萄气候品质认证指标体系探讨[J].新疆农垦科技,2015(9):14-15.
[7]刘英才,邓建和.气候要素对温州蜜柑果实品质影响的相关研究[J].中国农业气象,1998,19(2):29-31.
[8]桂园园,肖清媛,姜磊,等.鹰潭市早熟梨品质气候认证技术研究[J].江西科学,2015(5):690-695,728.
[9]傅玮东,李兰,顾雅文.库车日平均气温≥3℃初日与杏树开花期的关系[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2017,11(4):86-89.
[10]张向荣,何可杰,雷雯,等.猕猴桃果品气候品质认证技术研究[J].陕西农业科学,2015,61(10):65-68.
[11]陈志银,李三玉,叶明儿,等.气候生态因子与杨梅品质关系的研究[J].浙江农业大学学报,1992,18(2):97-103.
[12]余优森,任三学.陇南花椒品质气象条件和气候区划[J].中国农业气象,1995,16(6):32-34.
[13]樊志和,王占武,邢树本,等.廊坊红小豆品质、产量与气候条件的关系[J].中国农业气象,1992,13(4):12-14.
[14]杨利霞,朱敏武,屈振江,等.汉中柑橘果品气候认证技术探索[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(28):9865-9866.
[15]巩庆,范金霞,林卫,等.2014-2015年新疆库尔勒市空气质量的时空分布特征[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2017,11(5):77-82.
[16]于强,李世强.库尔勒香梨[J].乌鲁木齐:新疆生产建设兵团出版社,2016:65-66.
[17]叶川,伍川辉,张嘉怡.计量测试中异常数据剔除方法比较[J].计量与测试技术,2007,34(7):26-27.
[18]魏钦平,张继祥,毛志泉,等.苹果优质生产的最适气象因子和气候区划[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(5):713-716.
[19]魏钦平,程述汉,唐芳,等.红富士苹果品质与生态气象因子关系的研究[J].应用生态学报,1999,10(3):289-292.
[20]周纯,林盛华,李武兴,等.影响苹果品质形成的主要环境因子研究初报[J].山西果树,2002(2):5-7.
[21]杨振伟.气象因子与国光苹果品质关系的研究[J].华北农学报,2000,15(增刊):148-152.
[22]张慧岚.气候条件对库尔勒香梨生长影响的分析[J].气象,2005,31(8):84-86.
[23]赵勇军,吴新国,吉春容.库尔勒市香梨冻害及风险分布[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2011,5(1):53-57.
[24]李刚,尹忠岭,刁鹏.巴州大风灾害及其对农业影响的风险评估[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2016,10(增刊):.
[25]杨庆礼,何子顺.新疆库尔勒库尔勒香梨风灾的防范与补救[J].果树实用技术与信息,2011(10):39-41.
[26]陈思今.库尔勒香梨独特品质气候成因的分析[J].巴州科技,2003(2):10-13.
[27]王太祥,周应恒.新疆库尔勒香梨产业发展现状,问题与政策建议[J].农业考古,2010(6):67-69.
[28]南更明,邓慧君.库尔勒香梨盛果期栽培管理技术[J].新疆农垦科技,1992(3):31-33.
[29]曾甜,郑点,李建军,等.2017年新疆风灾对‘库尔勒香梨’的影响---以沙依东园艺场为例[J].中国果树,2017(增刊):54-55.
[30]周昊楠,华烨,秦榕.新疆地区年平均风速数据非均一影响研究[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2016,10(5):17-24.
[31]刘灿盛,蒲永义.元帅系苹果品质与气象条件关系的研究[J].园艺学报,1987,14(2):73-79.