我国苹果育种研究现状及展望
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摘要
截至目前,我国已先后育出苹果品种300余个,然而在苹果生产上能作为主栽品种的屈指可数。据不完全统计,共有40余个科研机构曾从事过苹果育种工作,但长期从事苹果育种研究且有一定规模的机构仅20个。全国苹果育种协作组自2004年成立以来,对我国苹果育种工作起到了巨大推动作用,近10年,通过定期开展问卷调查、查阅相关文献等方式,从品种选育、研究单位、相关项目开展等方面跟踪了解我国苹果育种工作进展。本文概述了近年来我国苹果新品种选育及相关工作开展情况,并在此基础上,梳理了我国苹果育种工作中存在的若干问题,并提出相应建议,以供参考。
Up to now, more than 300 apple varieties have been bred in China. However, few apple varieties can be used as the main cultivars in apple production. According to incomplete statistics, more than 40 research institutes have been engaged in apple breeding. While, there are only 20 organizations that have been engaged in apple breeding for a long time. Since the establishment of the National Apple Breeding Collaborative Group in 2004, it has played an important role in promoting apple breeding in China. In the past ten years, the progress of apple breeding in China has been tracked through regular questionnaires and literature review. This paper summarized the development of new apple varieties breeding and related work in China in recent years. On the basis of this, the problems in apple breeding in China were sorted out, and some corresponding suggestions were put forward for reference.
Up to now, more than 300 apple varieties have been bred in China. However, few apple varieties can be used as the main cultivars in apple production. According to incomplete statistics, more than 40 research institutes have been engaged in apple breeding. While, there are only 20 organizations that have been engaged in apple breeding for a long time. Since the establishment of the National Apple Breeding Collaborative Group in 2004, it has played an important role in promoting apple breeding in China. In the past ten years, the progress of apple breeding in China has been tracked through regular questionnaires and literature review. This paper summarized the development of new apple varieties breeding and related work in China in recent years. On the basis of this, the problems in apple breeding in China were sorted out, and some corresponding suggestions were put forward for reference.
引文
[1]World Apple Review 2017.A Publication of Belrose,Inc.World Fruit Market Analysts,2018:20.
[2]王璇,刘军弟,邵砾群,等.我国苹果产业年度发展状况及其趋势与建议.中国果树,2018(3):101-104,108.
[3]王雷存,赵政阳,高华,等.晚熟苹果新品种‘瑞阳’.园艺学报,2015,42(10):2083-2084.
[4]张彩霞,张利义,康国栋,等.苹果新品种华苹的选育.中国果树,2015(2):1-4.
[5]张利义,康国栋,张彩霞,等.中晚熟苹果新品种‘华苹’.园艺学报,2014,41(8):1739-1740.
[6]于文全,郭金洪,顾广军,等.苹果新品种‘龙帅’.园艺学报,2017,44(1):193-194.
[7]王献革,李学营,郝婕,等.早熟苹果新品种‘冀苹1号’.园艺学报,2015,42(10):2085-2086.
[8]秦立者,杨素苗,杜纪壮,等.苹果新品种‘冀红’.园艺学报,2014,41(9):1935-1936.
[9]王宇霖.关于我国苹果育种研究工作的几点想法.果树学报,2008,25(3):559-565.
[10]张恒涛,Bus Vincent G M,White Allan G,等.新西兰苹果品种及砧木育种成就与对中国的启示.果树学报,2016,33(4):482-491.
[11]王昆,肖艳宏.PRI抗苹果黑星病苹果品种简介.中国果树,2006(6):60-70.
[12]Velasco R,Zharkikh A,Affourtit J,et al.The genome of the domesticated apple(Malus×domestica Borkh.).Nature Genetics,2010,42(10):833-839.
[13]常源升,程来亮,王海波,等.苹果分子标记及辅助育种研究进展.园艺学报,2017,44(9):1658-1680.
[14]刘源霞,兰进好,柏素花,等.苹果抗炭疽菌叶枯病基因SNP和In Del标记的HRM筛选.园艺学报,2017,44(2):215-222.
[15]刘春晓,兰进好,侯鸿敏,等.苹果抗炭疽菌叶枯病基因相关的4个分子标记的准确性验证.园艺学报,2017,44(7):1355-1362.
[16]张瑞萍,林高星,阎振立,等.基于SSR标记的苹果砧木资源的亲缘关系分析.分子植物育种,2017,15(7):2847-2855.
[17]Wenzel S,Flachowsky H,Hanke M V.The Fast-track breeding approach can be improved by heat-induced expression of the FLOWERINGLOCUS T genes from poplar(Populus trichocarpa)in apple(Malus×domestica Borkh.).Plant Cell,Tissue and Organ Culture(PCTOC),2013,115(2):127-137.
[2]王璇,刘军弟,邵砾群,等.我国苹果产业年度发展状况及其趋势与建议.中国果树,2018(3):101-104,108.
[3]王雷存,赵政阳,高华,等.晚熟苹果新品种‘瑞阳’.园艺学报,2015,42(10):2083-2084.
[4]张彩霞,张利义,康国栋,等.苹果新品种华苹的选育.中国果树,2015(2):1-4.
[5]张利义,康国栋,张彩霞,等.中晚熟苹果新品种‘华苹’.园艺学报,2014,41(8):1739-1740.
[6]于文全,郭金洪,顾广军,等.苹果新品种‘龙帅’.园艺学报,2017,44(1):193-194.
[7]王献革,李学营,郝婕,等.早熟苹果新品种‘冀苹1号’.园艺学报,2015,42(10):2085-2086.
[8]秦立者,杨素苗,杜纪壮,等.苹果新品种‘冀红’.园艺学报,2014,41(9):1935-1936.
[9]王宇霖.关于我国苹果育种研究工作的几点想法.果树学报,2008,25(3):559-565.
[10]张恒涛,Bus Vincent G M,White Allan G,等.新西兰苹果品种及砧木育种成就与对中国的启示.果树学报,2016,33(4):482-491.
[11]王昆,肖艳宏.PRI抗苹果黑星病苹果品种简介.中国果树,2006(6):60-70.
[12]Velasco R,Zharkikh A,Affourtit J,et al.The genome of the domesticated apple(Malus×domestica Borkh.).Nature Genetics,2010,42(10):833-839.
[13]常源升,程来亮,王海波,等.苹果分子标记及辅助育种研究进展.园艺学报,2017,44(9):1658-1680.
[14]刘源霞,兰进好,柏素花,等.苹果抗炭疽菌叶枯病基因SNP和In Del标记的HRM筛选.园艺学报,2017,44(2):215-222.
[15]刘春晓,兰进好,侯鸿敏,等.苹果抗炭疽菌叶枯病基因相关的4个分子标记的准确性验证.园艺学报,2017,44(7):1355-1362.
[16]张瑞萍,林高星,阎振立,等.基于SSR标记的苹果砧木资源的亲缘关系分析.分子植物育种,2017,15(7):2847-2855.
[17]Wenzel S,Flachowsky H,Hanke M V.The Fast-track breeding approach can be improved by heat-induced expression of the FLOWERINGLOCUS T genes from poplar(Populus trichocarpa)in apple(Malus×domestica Borkh.).Plant Cell,Tissue and Organ Culture(PCTOC),2013,115(2):127-137.