北京市昌平区某社区800名儿童0～6岁家长免疫接种知识知晓率调查分析
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摘要
目的调查分析北京市昌平区儿童家长免疫接种知识知晓率及影响因素,为提高儿童家长免疫接种知识知晓水平、促进免疫规划工作顺利开展提供参考。方法对2016年前往昌平区某社区卫生服务站接种疫苗的0~6岁儿童的家长进行自填式问卷调查,对其结果采用Epidata 3.1数据库进行录入,用SPSS 17.0进行统计分析。结果家长免疫接种相关知识的总知晓率为59.5%。其中"乙肝疫苗能够预防哪种疾病"的知晓率最高,达85.6%;其次为"卡介苗能够预防哪种疾病",知晓率达68.0%;"1岁以内儿童需接种几种疫苗"知晓率最低,为46.6%。对不同户籍人口的接种知识知晓率进行卡方检验,差异有统计学意义(χ2=112.93,P<0.05);对不同文化程度人群的免疫接种知识知晓情况进行比较,知晓率随着文化程度的提高而提高,差异有统计学意义(χ2趋势=60.98,P<0.05);对不同家庭年收入的知识知晓率进行卡方检验,知晓率随着家庭年收入的增加而提高,差异有统计学意义(χ2趋势=88.29,P<0.05),非条件Logistic回归分析,文化程度、家庭收入、户籍类型均为影响知晓率的独立因素。儿童家长主要通过接种门诊医生告知获得免疫接种知识,占37.3%;其次为通过阅读宣传材料,广播、电视及网络等媒体途径获得,占17.8%。结论在今后的工作中应不断丰富免疫接种宣传内容,扩大免疫接种知识宣传人群覆盖面,积极拓展更有效的宣传途径,促进免疫接种工作的顺利开展。
Objective To investigate the awareness rate of vaccination knowledge of parents of children and analyze the influencing factors in a community of Changping District,and to provide basis for immunization programme implementation and knowledge improvement. Methods The parents of children under 6 years old,who visited the vaccination clinic in the community health service station during the period from January to December in 2016,were investigated through the designed questionnaire. Database was set up by Epidata 3. 1 and analyzed by SPSS 17. 0 software. Results The total awareness rate of immunization knowledge of the children's parents was 59. 5%. Among them,the highest rate of hepatitis B vaccine-preventable diseases was 85. 6%,followed by "What kind of disease can be prevented by BCG"and the awareness rate was 68. 0%; the rate of"how many times does Children within 1 year of age needed be vaccinated"was the lowest,being 46. 6%. Chi-square test was conducted on the awareness rate of vaccination knowledge among different household registration populations,and the difference was statistically significant( χ2= 112. 93,P < 0. 05). Compared with the knowledge of immunization knowledge among populations with different educational levels,the awareness rate increased with the improvement of the education level,and the difference was statistically significant( χ2 trend= 60. 98,P < 0. 05). The awareness rate with different family income was analyzed by chi-square test and the it increased with the increase of family income. The difference was statistically significant( χ2 trend= 88. 29,P< 0. 05). Non-conditional Logistic regression analysis showed that education level,family income and type of household registration were independent factors affecting the awareness rate. Parents of children mainly obtained vaccination knowledge through vaccination clinic doctors,accounting for 37. 3%; it followed by reading publicity materials,radio,television and Internet,etc,which accounted for 17. 8%. Conclusion The results suggested that we should continue to enrich the content,expand the coverage of immunization knowledge in the future,and actively develop more effective ways of propaganda to promote the smooth development of immunization.
Objective To investigate the awareness rate of vaccination knowledge of parents of children and analyze the influencing factors in a community of Changping District,and to provide basis for immunization programme implementation and knowledge improvement. Methods The parents of children under 6 years old,who visited the vaccination clinic in the community health service station during the period from January to December in 2016,were investigated through the designed questionnaire. Database was set up by Epidata 3. 1 and analyzed by SPSS 17. 0 software. Results The total awareness rate of immunization knowledge of the children's parents was 59. 5%. Among them,the highest rate of hepatitis B vaccine-preventable diseases was 85. 6%,followed by "What kind of disease can be prevented by BCG"and the awareness rate was 68. 0%; the rate of"how many times does Children within 1 year of age needed be vaccinated"was the lowest,being 46. 6%. Chi-square test was conducted on the awareness rate of vaccination knowledge among different household registration populations,and the difference was statistically significant( χ2= 112. 93,P < 0. 05). Compared with the knowledge of immunization knowledge among populations with different educational levels,the awareness rate increased with the improvement of the education level,and the difference was statistically significant( χ2 trend= 60. 98,P < 0. 05). The awareness rate with different family income was analyzed by chi-square test and the it increased with the increase of family income. The difference was statistically significant( χ2 trend= 88. 29,P< 0. 05). Non-conditional Logistic regression analysis showed that education level,family income and type of household registration were independent factors affecting the awareness rate. Parents of children mainly obtained vaccination knowledge through vaccination clinic doctors,accounting for 37. 3%; it followed by reading publicity materials,radio,television and Internet,etc,which accounted for 17. 8%. Conclusion The results suggested that we should continue to enrich the content,expand the coverage of immunization knowledge in the future,and actively develop more effective ways of propaganda to promote the smooth development of immunization.
引文
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[3]陆瑶,赵立平,杨艳娜.北京市通州区某社区500名6岁以下儿童家长免疫接种知识知晓率分析[J].首都公共卫生,2014,8(3):124-126.
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[7]龙霏,左志平,张玉玺,等.预防接种绩效管理体系建设探讨[J].医学动物防制,2017,33(1):29-32.
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[11]陈晓艳,陈孝玉,刘娜,等.社区儿童家长预防接种知识知晓情况调查[J].实用预防医学,2013,20(11):1316-1318.
[12]王培生,芮宝玲,罗新,等.乌鲁木齐市流动儿童家长预防接种知晓情况的影响因素分析[J].医学动物防制,2014,30(10):1118-1120.
[13]韩晓军,陈士华,朱江,等.社区儿童家长免疫预防知识干预效果研究[J].浙江预防医学,2009,21(1):9-12.
[14]徐桃香.健康宣教对儿童家长预防接种基本知识知晓率的影响[J].首都食品与医药,2016,23(24):20.
[15]曾祥越,何国宽,李海,等.儿童家长预防接种知识态度行为干预效果评价[J].医学动物防制,2017,33(10):1039-1042.
[2]刘红炜,涂诗意,李水静,等.上海市社区卫生服务中心临床免疫检验的现状调查[J].中国卫生资源,2012,15(3):274-278.
[3]陆瑶,赵立平,杨艳娜.北京市通州区某社区500名6岁以下儿童家长免疫接种知识知晓率分析[J].首都公共卫生,2014,8(3):124-126.
[4]陈晓艳,张淑芳.社区儿童家长计划免疫知识认知与需求调查[J].中国妇幼保健,2008,23(3):396-398.
[5]燕军,孙荣彬,吴萍,等.儿童父母预防接种知识知晓率调查[J].中国初级卫生保健,2004,14(10):59-60.
[6]周冰,叶纯,,曹殿起,等.北京市门头沟区儿童常规免疫接种行为影响因素研究[J].首都公共卫生,2014,8(3):107-109.
[7]龙霏,左志平,张玉玺,等.预防接种绩效管理体系建设探讨[J].医学动物防制,2017,33(1):29-32.
[8]唐申,韦巧燕,陈建锋,等.儿童家长预防接种知识知晓情况现状分析[J].中国现代医药杂志,2012,14(10):58-60.
[9]许红娟.儿童家长预防接种知识知晓情况现状分析[J].中国保健营养,2016,26(19):308-309.
[10]黄宁.儿童家长预防接种知识知晓情况现状研究[J].现代诊断与治疗,2014,25(18):4245-4246.
[11]陈晓艳,陈孝玉,刘娜,等.社区儿童家长预防接种知识知晓情况调查[J].实用预防医学,2013,20(11):1316-1318.
[12]王培生,芮宝玲,罗新,等.乌鲁木齐市流动儿童家长预防接种知晓情况的影响因素分析[J].医学动物防制,2014,30(10):1118-1120.
[13]韩晓军,陈士华,朱江,等.社区儿童家长免疫预防知识干预效果研究[J].浙江预防医学,2009,21(1):9-12.
[14]徐桃香.健康宣教对儿童家长预防接种基本知识知晓率的影响[J].首都食品与医药,2016,23(24):20.
[15]曾祥越,何国宽,李海,等.儿童家长预防接种知识态度行为干预效果评价[J].医学动物防制,2017,33(10):1039-1042.