苏门答腊裂谷盆地带构造分带及其成藏模式
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摘要
苏门答腊弧后裂谷盆地带是印尼乃至东南亚最大的油气产区,由于勘探程度高,近十年来勘探成效差,盆地油气发现进入瓶颈期。为了指明苏门答腊弧后裂谷盆地带勘探方向,以盆地带构造演化为主线,以构造带为研究对象,在构造特征、构造对成藏模式控制作用等多方面研究的基础上,预测了苏门答腊盆地带有利勘探领域。根据构造特征分析,苏门答腊弧后裂谷盆地带可划分为近岛弧带、中央反转带和远岛弧带3个构造带。近岛弧带以继承性隆起为构造特征,油气主要通过断裂垂向运移,聚集在局部构造高部位生物礁和背斜之中,近岛弧带为旁生侧储型成藏模式,基底潜山圈闭是近岛弧带未来的勘探方向;中央反转带构造样式为挤压反转的半地堑、铲式正断层,中央反转带油气来自底部深凹陷,上部多层系做储层,垂向断层或侧向砂体发育,沟通烃源岩与圈闭,具有近水楼台的优势成藏条件,为下生上储型成藏模式,该带基底潜山圈闭和源内构造—岩性圈闭也具有较好的烃—运—储匹配关系,可能形成好的油气藏;远岛弧带以单斜构造背景为主,局部发育深洼陷,远岛弧带局部洼陷具有一定的生烃能力,该构造带钻井揭示了地层超覆油气藏,但目前勘探程度较低,尚存在较大勘探潜力。
The Sumatra back-arc rift basin is the largest oil and gas producing province in Indonesia and Southeast Asia.Since the exploration degree of the region is quite high already,new exploration results are pretty rare in the past ten years,and thus the hydrocarbon discovery in the basin has entered a bottleneck.In order to find out the target areas for future exploration in the basin,we studied the tectonic pattern of the basin and its control over the distribution of source rocks and reservoirs.Upon the basis,the future exploration direction of the back arc rift basin is discussed.According to tectonic features,the Sumatra back-arc rift basin can be subdivided into three structural belts namely the near island arc belt,the central inversion belt and the distant island arc belt.The near island arc belt,in fact,is an inherited uplift.Oil and gas migrate vertically mainly through faults and accumulate in high-stand traps such as reefs and anticlines.The buried-hill trap is the major exploration target for future in the belt.The central inversion belt is dominated by semi-grabens and shovel-like normal faults.Oil and gas come from deep depressions and accumulated in the multi-layer reservoir in the upper part.Both fault and sand body act as the pathway for oil and gas migration.Buried-hill and structural-lithological are the main traps for hydrocarbon accumulation.The distant island arc belt is dominated by monoclinic strata locally with visible depressions which have hydrocarbon generation potential.Lithological hydrocarbon reservoirs occur in the belt and there is a great potential for future hydrocarbon exploration.
The Sumatra back-arc rift basin is the largest oil and gas producing province in Indonesia and Southeast Asia.Since the exploration degree of the region is quite high already,new exploration results are pretty rare in the past ten years,and thus the hydrocarbon discovery in the basin has entered a bottleneck.In order to find out the target areas for future exploration in the basin,we studied the tectonic pattern of the basin and its control over the distribution of source rocks and reservoirs.Upon the basis,the future exploration direction of the back arc rift basin is discussed.According to tectonic features,the Sumatra back-arc rift basin can be subdivided into three structural belts namely the near island arc belt,the central inversion belt and the distant island arc belt.The near island arc belt,in fact,is an inherited uplift.Oil and gas migrate vertically mainly through faults and accumulate in high-stand traps such as reefs and anticlines.The buried-hill trap is the major exploration target for future in the belt.The central inversion belt is dominated by semi-grabens and shovel-like normal faults.Oil and gas come from deep depressions and accumulated in the multi-layer reservoir in the upper part.Both fault and sand body act as the pathway for oil and gas migration.Buried-hill and structural-lithological are the main traps for hydrocarbon accumulation.The distant island arc belt is dominated by monoclinic strata locally with visible depressions which have hydrocarbon generation potential.Lithological hydrocarbon reservoirs occur in the belt and there is a great potential for future hydrocarbon exploration.
引文
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[16]丁一.断裂在中苏门答腊盆地油气成藏中的作用[J].石油化工应用,2013,32(5):67-71.
[17]赵毅,唐艳萍.井—震结合进行高分辨率层序地层划分——以南苏门答腊盆地N油田U组为例[J].海洋石油,2011,31(4):24-28.
[18]薛良清,杨福忠.南苏门答腊盆地中国石油合同区块成藏组合分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(3):130-134.
[19]毛治国,樊太亮,刘亚明,等.南苏门答腊盆地北部新生代层序地层格架及有利储层分布[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2007,38(6):1226-1231.
[20]田鑫,王绪本,吕锡敏,等.南苏门答腊盆地Ripah油田弧后裂谷盆地同沉积断裂对沉积的控制作用[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2012,39(4):396-402.
[21]田鑫,王绪本,张铭,等.地震属性方法在油田开发阶段薄砂体识别中的应用——以印尼苏门答腊盆地Gemah油田M油层为例[J].天然气地球科学,2011,22(3):533-538.
[22]张琴,朱筱敏,董国栋,等.南苏门答腊盆地构造演化对沉积演化及成藏条件的控制[J].油气地质与采收率,2013,20(1):16-19.
[23]Amijaya H,Schwarzbauer J,Littke R.Organic geochemistry of the Lower Suban coal seam,South Sumatra Basin,Indonesia:Palaeoecological and thermal metamorphism implications[J].Organic Geochemistry,2006,37(3):261-279.
[2]Barber A J,Crow M J.An evaluation of plate tectonic models for the development of Sumatra[J].Gondwana Research,2003,6(1):1-28.
[3]陈龙博,何登发.苏门答腊弧后盆地带裂谷作用对油气成藏组合的控制[J].海相油气地质,2015,20(2):8-14.
[4]Awang H S.Petroleum Geology of Indonesia:Sumatra[M].Indonesia:Hmpunan Ahli Geofisika,2012:231-244.
[5]Harold H W,Roger T E.Hydrocarbon habitat in the rift graben of the Central Sumatra Basin,Indonesia[J].The Leading Edge,1995,80(1):331-371.
[6]Sigit S.Application of multi-attribute analysis in mapping lithology and porosity in the Pematang-Sihapas groups of Central Sumatra Basin,Indonesia[J].The Leading Edge,2007,18(8):126-131.
[7]Barber A J.The origin of the Woyla Terranes in Sumatra and the late mesozoic evolution of the Sundaland margin[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2000,18(6):713-738.
[8]Zonneveld J P,Zaim Y,Rizal Y,et al.Ichnological constraints on the depositional environment of the Sawahlunto Formation,Kandi,northwest Ombilin Basin,west Sumatra,Indonesia[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2012,45(45):106-113.
[9]Macpherson K A,Hidayat D,Siang H G.Receiver function structure beneath four seismic stations in the Sumatra region[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2012,46(46):161-176.
[10]许凡,康永尚,李水静,等.中苏门答腊盆地油气成藏分析与勘探潜力预测[J].特种油气藏,2010,17(1):41-48.
[11]董国栋,张琴,朱筱敏,等.中苏门答腊盆地新生代沉积演化及其油气意义[J].重庆科技学院学报:自然科学版,2013,15(3):5-8.
[12]Steve J M,Andy C.Thermal histories of Tertiary sediments in western Central Sumatra,Indonesia[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2012,14(5):351-371.
[13]杨磊.中苏门答腊盆地石油地质特征与油气勘探潜力[J].新疆石油地质,2011,32(3):329-331.
[14]Agusetiawan G,Nugraha R,Hernadi D,et al.Beruk field reservoir in Central Sumatra Basin,Indonesia[J].Saint Petersburg,2014,68(51):113-141.
[15]毛治国,樊太亮,王宏语,等.层序地层格架下岩性-地层油气藏成藏与分布——以南苏门答腊盆地北部为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(1):120-127.
[16]丁一.断裂在中苏门答腊盆地油气成藏中的作用[J].石油化工应用,2013,32(5):67-71.
[17]赵毅,唐艳萍.井—震结合进行高分辨率层序地层划分——以南苏门答腊盆地N油田U组为例[J].海洋石油,2011,31(4):24-28.
[18]薛良清,杨福忠.南苏门答腊盆地中国石油合同区块成藏组合分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(3):130-134.
[19]毛治国,樊太亮,刘亚明,等.南苏门答腊盆地北部新生代层序地层格架及有利储层分布[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2007,38(6):1226-1231.
[20]田鑫,王绪本,吕锡敏,等.南苏门答腊盆地Ripah油田弧后裂谷盆地同沉积断裂对沉积的控制作用[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2012,39(4):396-402.
[21]田鑫,王绪本,张铭,等.地震属性方法在油田开发阶段薄砂体识别中的应用——以印尼苏门答腊盆地Gemah油田M油层为例[J].天然气地球科学,2011,22(3):533-538.
[22]张琴,朱筱敏,董国栋,等.南苏门答腊盆地构造演化对沉积演化及成藏条件的控制[J].油气地质与采收率,2013,20(1):16-19.
[23]Amijaya H,Schwarzbauer J,Littke R.Organic geochemistry of the Lower Suban coal seam,South Sumatra Basin,Indonesia:Palaeoecological and thermal metamorphism implications[J].Organic Geochemistry,2006,37(3):261-279.