计算视角下的虚假信息传播:内容、主体与模式
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摘要
虚假信息的传播在政治、经济等多个领域影响着社会正常运作.深入理解虚假信息的传播机制并遏制其传播是传播学、政治学、计算机科学等多个学科领域的共同研究目标.基于社会化媒体对于虚假信息内容及传播踪迹的记录,以及信息传播相关计算算法的广泛采用,传播学在当前阶段得以对虚假信息传播进行经验性深入探讨.基于此,将从虚假信息内容特征、传播者用户特征和虚假信息传播模式3个角度系统综述计算方法对于虚假信息传播研究的推进,探讨未来可行的跨学科合作模式.
The spread of false information affects the normal operation of society in many fields such as politics and economy.It is a common research goal of communication,political,computer science and other disciplines to deeply understand the communication mechanism of false information and curb its spread.Based on the record of false information content and digital trace by social media,as well as the wide adoption of computing algorithms related to information spreading,communication is able to conduct an empirical and in-depth discussion of false information spreading at the current stage.Based on this,this study will systematically review the advancement of computing methods in the study of false information spreading from the perspectives of false information content characteristics,communicator characteristics and dissemination patterns of false information,and explore the feasible interdisciplinary cooperation mode in the future.
The spread of false information affects the normal operation of society in many fields such as politics and economy.It is a common research goal of communication,political,computer science and other disciplines to deeply understand the communication mechanism of false information and curb its spread.Based on the record of false information content and digital trace by social media,as well as the wide adoption of computing algorithms related to information spreading,communication is able to conduct an empirical and in-depth discussion of false information spreading at the current stage.Based on this,this study will systematically review the advancement of computing methods in the study of false information spreading from the perspectives of false information content characteristics,communicator characteristics and dissemination patterns of false information,and explore the feasible interdisciplinary cooperation mode in the future.
引文
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[3]Pew Research Center's Journalism&Media[EB/OL].[2017-09-07].http://www.journalism.org/2017/09/07/news-use-across-socialmedia-platforms-2017/.
[4]WATTS D J.A twenty-first century science[J].Nature,2007,445(7127):489.
[5]MITRA T,WRIGHT G P,GILBERT E.A Parsimonious Language Model of Social Media Credibility Across Disparate Events[C]//Proceedings of the 2017ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing.New York:ACM,2017:126-145.
[6]CONROY N J,RUBIN V L,CHEN Y.Automatic Deception Detection:Methods for Finding Fake News[C]//Proceedings of the 78th ASIS&T Annual Meeting:Information Science with Impact:Research in and for the Community.Silver Springs:American Society for Information Science,2015:82.
[7]ZHAO Z,RESNICK P,MEI Q.Enquiring Minds:Early Detection of Rumors in Social Media from Enquiry Posts[C]//Proceeding of 24th International Conference on World Wide Web.Geneva:International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee,2015:1395-1405.
[8]KIM J,TABIBIAN B,OH A,et al.Leveraging the Crowd to Detect and Reduce the Spread of Fake News and Misinformation[C]//the11th ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining.New York:ACM,2018:324-332.
[9]ZUBIAGA A,AKER A,BONTCHEVA K,et al.Detection and Resolution of Rumours in Social Media:A Survey[J].ACM Computing Surveys,2018,51(2):32.
[10] Miller L C,Cody M J,Mclaughlin M L.Situations and goals as fundamental constructs in interpersonal communication reseasrch[M]//Handbook of interpersonal communication.1994:162-197.
[11] ZUBIAGA A,LIAKATA M,PROCTER R,et al.Analysing How People Orient to and Spread Rumours in Social Media by Looking at Conversational Threads[J].PLoS ONE,2016,11(3):e0150989.
[12] JANG S M,GENG T,LI J Y Q,et al.A computational approach for examining the roots and spreading patterns of fake news:Evolution tree analysis[J].Computers in Human Behavior,2018,84:103-113.
[13] FERRARA E,VAROL O,DAVIS C,et al.The Rise of Social Bots[J].COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM,2016,59(7):96-104.
[14] LAZER D M J,BAUM M A,BENKLER Y,et al.The science of fake news[J].Science,2018,359(6380):1094-1096.
[15] DAVIS C A,VAROL O,FERRARA E,et al.BotOrNot:A System to Evaluate Social Bots[C]//Proceedings of the 25th International Conference Companion on World Wide Web.Geneva:International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee,2016:273-274.
[16] SHAO C,CIAMPAGLIA G L,VAROL O,et al.The spread of low-credibility content by social bots[EB/OL].[2018-12-02].https://arxiv.org/abs/1707.07592.
[17] BESSI A,COLETTO M,DAVIDESCU G A,et al.Science vs Conspiracy:Collective Narratives in the Age of Misinformation[J].PLoS ONE,2015,10(2):e0118093.
[18]斯蒂芬·李特约翰.人类传播理论[M].史安斌,译.7版.北京:清华大学出版社,2004:154-156.
[19]许小可,胡海波,张伦,等.社交网络上的计算传播学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2015:8-9.
[20] GOEL S,ANDERSON A,HOFMAN J,et al.The Structural Virality of Online Diffusion[J].Management Science,2016,62(1):180-196.
[21] VICARIO M D,BESSI A,ZOLLO F,et al.The spreading of misinformation online[J].PNAS,2016,113(3):554-559.
[22] LIND P G,SILVA L R D,ANDRADE J S,et al.Spreading gossip in social networks[J].PHYSICAL REVIEW E,2007,76(3):036117.
[23] DOMENICO M D,LIMA A,MOUGEL P,et al.The Anatomy of a Scientific Rumor[J].SCIENTIFIC REPORTS,2013,3:2890.
[24] HE Z,CAI Z,YU J,et al.Cost-Efficient Strategies for Restraining Rumor Spreading in Mobile Social Networks[J].IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY,2017,66(3):2789-2800.