含重金属的尾矿渣场复垦还田种植农作物的安全技术
|
摘要
含有毒重金属的尾矿渣场复垦还田的安全经济技术方法是目前国内外的难点。为了探索尾矿渣场复垦还田后,种植农作物的安全性和经济性,笔者开展了小秦岭金矿区尾矿渣场不同覆土厚度农作物种植试验研究。结果表明:尾矿渣为土壤、农作物重金属提供了丰富的物源,尾矿渣、土壤和农作物中重金属排序为Pb>Cd>Hg;成熟中后期的农作物内重金属超过国家标准的风险高于成熟早期,叶菜类、果实类蔬菜及粮食类作物的风险主要来自Hg、Pb、Cd;块根类蔬菜是比较安全经济的种植作物,其中萝卜、土豆、青菜的经济安全种植厚度应大于40cm、50cm、70cm,在最大覆土厚度90cm上种植其他农作物也是不安全的;种植农作物后,土壤中Pb、Cd减少量与尾矿渣上覆土厚度有一定相关性,而Hg元素还与自身的挥发性有关;农作物对重金属的选择与重金属在黄土中的迁移能力是影响农作物吸收重金属的重要影响因素。试验结果可为研究金矿尾矿渣复垦还田的安全技术方法提供借鉴作用。
It is a difficult technique to reclaim the tailings contained toxic heavy metals in safe and economic method at home and abroad.In order to investigate the safety and economy of containing-toxic heavy metal slag field reclamation and planting crop,the authors study the relationship and the heavy metal content characteristics of the overlying soil,crops and soil covering thickness in the investigated in-situ tail slag.The results showed that the tail slag for soil and crop provides the rich heavy metals source.The heavy metals Pb is far higher than Cd and Hg in the tailing slag,soil and crops site conditions.Compared to the national standard,the heavy metals risk of crops in the mature-later is higher than the ones in the early maturity.The risk of leafy vegetables,fruit vegetable and grain crops are mainly from Hg,Pb and Cd three elements.And root vegetables is relatively safe and economic crops,the economic security thickness of radish,potatoes and vegetables planting is greater than 40 cm,50 cm and 70 cm,respectively.But the other crops planted at a maximum thickness of 90 cm are also unsafe.After planting crops,the Pb and Cd decreased values in soil have a certain correlation with the soil thickness above slag tail.But Hg element has so much to do with the soil thickness and its volatile.Both crops choice and heavy metal mobility are important influence factors for the heavy metals contents of corps.The results can provide a reference for the research of gold tailings reclamation.
It is a difficult technique to reclaim the tailings contained toxic heavy metals in safe and economic method at home and abroad.In order to investigate the safety and economy of containing-toxic heavy metal slag field reclamation and planting crop,the authors study the relationship and the heavy metal content characteristics of the overlying soil,crops and soil covering thickness in the investigated in-situ tail slag.The results showed that the tail slag for soil and crop provides the rich heavy metals source.The heavy metals Pb is far higher than Cd and Hg in the tailing slag,soil and crops site conditions.Compared to the national standard,the heavy metals risk of crops in the mature-later is higher than the ones in the early maturity.The risk of leafy vegetables,fruit vegetable and grain crops are mainly from Hg,Pb and Cd three elements.And root vegetables is relatively safe and economic crops,the economic security thickness of radish,potatoes and vegetables planting is greater than 40 cm,50 cm and 70 cm,respectively.But the other crops planted at a maximum thickness of 90 cm are also unsafe.After planting crops,the Pb and Cd decreased values in soil have a certain correlation with the soil thickness above slag tail.But Hg element has so much to do with the soil thickness and its volatile.Both crops choice and heavy metal mobility are important influence factors for the heavy metals contents of corps.The results can provide a reference for the research of gold tailings reclamation.
引文
徐凤平,周兴龙,胡天喜.中国尾矿资源利用现状及建议[J].云南冶金,2007,36(4):25-27.XU Fengping,ZHOU Xinglong,HU Tianxi.Current situation of using tailing resource in our country and some suggestions[J].Yunnan Metallu,2007,36(4):25-27.
王金龙.保护矿产资源加速中国尾矿的开发利用[J].矿山环保,2003,1(2):8-14.
周连碧.中国矿区土地复垦与生态重建的研究与实践[J].有色金属,2007,59(2):90-94.ZHOU Lianbi.Investigation and practice on mining land rehabilitation and ecological reconstruction in China[J].Nonferrous Metals,2007,59(2):90-94.
筱美.金属尾矿综合利用专项规划(2010~2015)[J].国土资源,2010,(5):1.
陈赟.中国尾矿问题分析与土地复垦综合利用[J].上海国土资源,2012,33(4):76-79.CHEN Yun.Utilization of Mine Tailings in China[J].Shanghai Land&Resources,2012,33(4):76-79.
章庆和,苏蓉晖.有色金属矿尾矿的资源化[J].矿产综合利用,1996,(4):27-30.
徐慧,徐凯.加快中国有色金属矿山尾矿开发利用[J].中国有色金属,2006,(10):49-51.
蔡永兵,李玲,魏晓飞,等.广西茶山锑矿尾砂中微量元素的淋滤实验研究[J].环境科学,2012,33(8):2840-2848.CAI Yongbing,LI Ling,WEI Xiaofei,et al.Leaching experiments on the release of trace elements from tailings of chashan antimony mine,Guangxi,China[J].Environmental Science,2012,33(8):2840-2848.
吴桂容,解庆林,曲芬霞,等.广西水岩坝钨锡矿废弃地重金属污染与生态修复[J].贵州农业科学,2012,40(1):171-174.WU Guirong,JIE Qinglin,QU Fenxia,et al.Soil Heavy metal pollution and ecological restoration in the Abandoned Land of the tungsten stan num mine in Shuiyan Dam,Guangxi[J].Guizhou Agricultural Science,2012,40(1):171-174.
代杰瑞,庞绪贵,宋建华,等.山东淄博城市和近郊土壤元素地球化学特征及生态风险研究[J],中国地质,2018,45(3):617-627.DAI Jierui,PANG Xugui,SONGJianhua,et al.A study of geochemical characteristics and ecological risk of elements in soil of urban and suburban areas of Zibo City,Shandong Province[J],Geology in China,2018,45(3):617-627.
武春林,王瑞廷,丁坤,等.中国土壤质量地球化学调查与评价的研究现状和进展[J].西北地质,2018,51(3):240-252.WU Chunlin,WANG Ruiling,DING Kun,et al.Geochemical Survey and Evaluation on Soil Quality in China:Research Status and Advances[J].Northwest Geology,2018,51(3):240-252.
任丽华,邹桂霞,李凤鸣.辽西半干旱区矿业废弃地复垦与生态重建关键技术[J].农村经济与科技,2012,(12):22-25.
张驰,刘晓茜,沈滟.尾矿库闭库复垦及生态重建[J].云南地理环境研究,2011,23(3):103-107.ZHANG Chi,LIU Xiaoqian,SHEN Yan.Closure of Tailing Ponds Restore the Cultivation and Ecological Reconstruction[J].Yunnan Geographic Environment Research,2011,23(3):103-107.
王运敏,常前发.当前中国铁矿尾矿的资源状况利用现状及工作方向[J].金属矿山,1999,(1):1-6.WANG Yunmin,CHANG Qianfa.The Present Conditions of China's Iron Tailings Resource and the Art-of-state and Effort Direction of Its Utilization[J].Metal Mine,1999,(1):1-6.
艾满乾.安康金矿复垦增产技术[J].有色金属:矿山部分,1994,(2):45-46.
S.威尔克.矿山产金·尾矿池种植作物-菲律宾第二大产金企业生产稻谷甘蔗等特殊副产品[J].国外金属矿山,1993,(7):54-56.S.WILKE.Mine Production Gold and Tailings Pond Planting Crops-The second largest gold producer in the Philippines produces special by-products such as rice sugar cane[J].Foreign Metal Mine Hill,1993,(7):54-56.
周连碧,代宏文,吴亚君.Cu矿尾矿库无土植被与有土覆盖农作物种植研究[J].有色金属,2003,55(增刊):0058-0062.ZHOU Bilian,DAI Hongwen,WU Yajun.Vegetation and crops planting at copper mine tailings ponds[J].Nonferrous Metals,2003,55(sup.):0058-0062.
郭友红,李树志,鲁叶江.塌陷区矸石充填复垦耕地覆土厚度的研究[J].矿山测量,2008,(2):59-62.GUO Youhong,LI Shuzhi,Lu Yejiang.Engli Sh abstracts of main Arti Cles in thisissue[J].Mine Surveying,2008,(2):59-62.
刘会平,严家平,樊雯.不同覆土厚度的煤矸石充填复垦区土壤生产力评价[J].能源环境保护,2010,24(1):52-56.LIU Huiping,YAN Jiaping,FAN Wen.The evaluation of soil productivity in reclamation district filling by coal gangue with different thickness of covering soil[J].Energy Environmental Protection.2010,24(1):52-56.
胡振琪,杨秀红,鲍艳,等.论矿区生态环境修复[J].科技导报(北京),2005,23(1):38-41.HU Zhenqi,YANG Xiuhong,BAO Yan,et al.On the restoration of mine eco-environment[J].Science&Review Technology,2005,23(1):38-41.
陈莉薇,徐晓春,黄界颖,等.Cu陵林冲尾矿库复垦土壤重金属含量及污染评价[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,34(10):1540-1545.CHEN LiWen,XU Xiaochun,HUSNG Jieying,et al.Concentration of heavy metal elements in reclaimed soil of linchong tailing reservoir in Tongling and its pollution assessment[J].Journal of Hefei University of Technology,2011,34(10):1540-1545.
饶绮鳞,张立城,代宏文.可持续发展的矿业生态技术范例---尾矿库复垦与污染防治技术[J].中国土地科学,2000,14(4):13-14.
周连碧,代宏文,吴亚君,等.胡家峪铜矿尾矿库复垦农作物种植研究[J].采矿技术,2002,2(2):54-56.
杨绍兰,陈云裳.尾矿库复垦对人群健康影响的研究[J].矿冶,1998,7(2):90-96.YANG Shaolan CHEN Yunshang.Research on effect of rehabilitation of tailings pond on multitude health[J].Mining&Metallurg,1998,7(2):90-96.
周连碧.矿山复垦与生态恢复[J].有色金属工业,2004,1(1):19-21.
杨才敏,卫元太,曲继宗.篦子沟矿尾矿库复垦的经济效益研究[J].山西水土保持科技,2000,(1):10-13.
徐友宁,张江华,柯海玲,等.农田土壤重金属污染风险评估及阻断研究[R].西安:西安地质矿产研究所.2010.
赵阿宁.陕西潼关金矿区农田土壤重金属污染评价与农作物相关性分析[D].西安:长安大学,2006:1-63.ZHAO Aning.The Assessment of Contamination And Correlation on Heavy Metal Between Famland And Cmps in II'0ngguan Gold Mining Area in Shaanxi[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2006:1-63.
苑春刚,张可刚,王振华,等.典型环境介质中气态砷挥发及多相迁移过程研究[A],第五届全国环境化学大会,大连:大连理工大学摘要[C].2009:79.
林陶.汞在水旱轮作系统的释放特征及其影响因素[R].重庆:西南大学,2007:1-31.LIN Tao.Characteristics of Mercury Release from Ricewheat/rape Rotation System and its Influencing Factors[R].Chongqing:Applicant for PhD Dissertation,Southwest University,2007:1-31.
徐友宁,张江华,科海玲,等.金矿开发农田土壤垂向上重金属含量响应研究[A].2010年学术年会论文摘要汇编[C].2010:322-332.
杨明君,樊民夫.旱作马铃薯根系拉力与冠层覆盖度对块茎膨大及产量的影响[J].华北农学报,1995,10(1):76-81.YANG Mingjun,FAN Minfu.The effect of root pulling resistance and canopy cover degrees on tuber expansion and Yieds of dryland tillage potato[J].Aeta Agriculturac Boreali-Sinica,1995,10(1):76-81.
雷建荣.秋菠菜高产优质栽培技术[J].中国园艺文摘,2009,25(8):111.
马青山,乔丽霞.大棚西红柿二次结果技术[J].农家之友,2004,(5):23-23.
徐士铁.彩色辣椒无公害高产高效栽培措施[J].吉林蔬菜,2012,(3):8-9.
杨振宇,张富仓,邹志荣.不同生育期水分亏缺和施氮量对茄子根系生长、产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(7):141-148.YANG Zhenyu,ZHANG Fucang,ZOU Zhirong.Coupling effects of deficit irrigation(Dl)in different growth stages and different nitrogen applications on root growth yield,WUE of eggplant[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Nat.Sci.Ed.),2010,38(7):141-148.
孙静.Cu陵地区早春豇豆栽培技术[J].蔬菜,2011,(9):7-8.
刘晶淼,安顺清,廖荣伟,等.玉米根系在土壤剖面中的分布研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(3):517-521.LIU Jingmiao,AN Shunqing,LIAO Rongwei,et al.Temporal variation and spatial distribution of the root system of corn in a soil profile[J].Chinese Journal of EcoAgriculture,2009,17(3):517-521.
刘荣花,朱自玺,方文松,等.冬小麦根系分布规律[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(11):2024-2027.LIU Ronghua,ZHU Zixi,FANGWEnsong,et al.Distribution pattern of w inter wheat root system[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2008,27(11):2024-2027.
李晶晶,彭恩泽.综述铬在土壤和植物中的赋存形式及迁移规律[J].工业安全与环保,2005,31(3):31-33.LI Jingjing,PENG Enze.Summariza in the Form of Chromium in Soil and plants and its minration law[J].Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection,2005,31(3):31-33
R.PARADELO,A.B.MOLDES,M.T.BARRAL.Characterization of slate processing fines according to parameters of relevance for mine spoil reclamation[J].Applied Clay Science,2008,(41):172-180.
JANA DOLE,ZALOVA,JI,VOJARA,DANIELASMOLOVA.Technical reclamation and spontaneous succession produce different water habitats:A case study from Czech post-mining sites[J].Ecological Engineering,2012,(43):5-12.
ROBERT TROPEK,TOMAS KADLECA,MARTIN HEJ-DA,et al.Technical reclamations are wasting the conservation potential of post-mining sites.A case study of black coal spoil dumps[J].Ecological Engineering,2012,(43):13-18.
SANGEETA MUKHOPADHYAY,S.K.Maitia,Masto.Use of Reclaimed Mine Soil Index(RMSI)for screening of tree species for reclamation of coal mine degraded land[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,(57):133-142.
王金龙.保护矿产资源加速中国尾矿的开发利用[J].矿山环保,2003,1(2):8-14.
周连碧.中国矿区土地复垦与生态重建的研究与实践[J].有色金属,2007,59(2):90-94.ZHOU Lianbi.Investigation and practice on mining land rehabilitation and ecological reconstruction in China[J].Nonferrous Metals,2007,59(2):90-94.
筱美.金属尾矿综合利用专项规划(2010~2015)[J].国土资源,2010,(5):1.
陈赟.中国尾矿问题分析与土地复垦综合利用[J].上海国土资源,2012,33(4):76-79.CHEN Yun.Utilization of Mine Tailings in China[J].Shanghai Land&Resources,2012,33(4):76-79.
章庆和,苏蓉晖.有色金属矿尾矿的资源化[J].矿产综合利用,1996,(4):27-30.
徐慧,徐凯.加快中国有色金属矿山尾矿开发利用[J].中国有色金属,2006,(10):49-51.
蔡永兵,李玲,魏晓飞,等.广西茶山锑矿尾砂中微量元素的淋滤实验研究[J].环境科学,2012,33(8):2840-2848.CAI Yongbing,LI Ling,WEI Xiaofei,et al.Leaching experiments on the release of trace elements from tailings of chashan antimony mine,Guangxi,China[J].Environmental Science,2012,33(8):2840-2848.
吴桂容,解庆林,曲芬霞,等.广西水岩坝钨锡矿废弃地重金属污染与生态修复[J].贵州农业科学,2012,40(1):171-174.WU Guirong,JIE Qinglin,QU Fenxia,et al.Soil Heavy metal pollution and ecological restoration in the Abandoned Land of the tungsten stan num mine in Shuiyan Dam,Guangxi[J].Guizhou Agricultural Science,2012,40(1):171-174.
代杰瑞,庞绪贵,宋建华,等.山东淄博城市和近郊土壤元素地球化学特征及生态风险研究[J],中国地质,2018,45(3):617-627.DAI Jierui,PANG Xugui,SONGJianhua,et al.A study of geochemical characteristics and ecological risk of elements in soil of urban and suburban areas of Zibo City,Shandong Province[J],Geology in China,2018,45(3):617-627.
武春林,王瑞廷,丁坤,等.中国土壤质量地球化学调查与评价的研究现状和进展[J].西北地质,2018,51(3):240-252.WU Chunlin,WANG Ruiling,DING Kun,et al.Geochemical Survey and Evaluation on Soil Quality in China:Research Status and Advances[J].Northwest Geology,2018,51(3):240-252.
任丽华,邹桂霞,李凤鸣.辽西半干旱区矿业废弃地复垦与生态重建关键技术[J].农村经济与科技,2012,(12):22-25.
张驰,刘晓茜,沈滟.尾矿库闭库复垦及生态重建[J].云南地理环境研究,2011,23(3):103-107.ZHANG Chi,LIU Xiaoqian,SHEN Yan.Closure of Tailing Ponds Restore the Cultivation and Ecological Reconstruction[J].Yunnan Geographic Environment Research,2011,23(3):103-107.
王运敏,常前发.当前中国铁矿尾矿的资源状况利用现状及工作方向[J].金属矿山,1999,(1):1-6.WANG Yunmin,CHANG Qianfa.The Present Conditions of China's Iron Tailings Resource and the Art-of-state and Effort Direction of Its Utilization[J].Metal Mine,1999,(1):1-6.
艾满乾.安康金矿复垦增产技术[J].有色金属:矿山部分,1994,(2):45-46.
S.威尔克.矿山产金·尾矿池种植作物-菲律宾第二大产金企业生产稻谷甘蔗等特殊副产品[J].国外金属矿山,1993,(7):54-56.S.WILKE.Mine Production Gold and Tailings Pond Planting Crops-The second largest gold producer in the Philippines produces special by-products such as rice sugar cane[J].Foreign Metal Mine Hill,1993,(7):54-56.
周连碧,代宏文,吴亚君.Cu矿尾矿库无土植被与有土覆盖农作物种植研究[J].有色金属,2003,55(增刊):0058-0062.ZHOU Bilian,DAI Hongwen,WU Yajun.Vegetation and crops planting at copper mine tailings ponds[J].Nonferrous Metals,2003,55(sup.):0058-0062.
郭友红,李树志,鲁叶江.塌陷区矸石充填复垦耕地覆土厚度的研究[J].矿山测量,2008,(2):59-62.GUO Youhong,LI Shuzhi,Lu Yejiang.Engli Sh abstracts of main Arti Cles in thisissue[J].Mine Surveying,2008,(2):59-62.
刘会平,严家平,樊雯.不同覆土厚度的煤矸石充填复垦区土壤生产力评价[J].能源环境保护,2010,24(1):52-56.LIU Huiping,YAN Jiaping,FAN Wen.The evaluation of soil productivity in reclamation district filling by coal gangue with different thickness of covering soil[J].Energy Environmental Protection.2010,24(1):52-56.
胡振琪,杨秀红,鲍艳,等.论矿区生态环境修复[J].科技导报(北京),2005,23(1):38-41.HU Zhenqi,YANG Xiuhong,BAO Yan,et al.On the restoration of mine eco-environment[J].Science&Review Technology,2005,23(1):38-41.
陈莉薇,徐晓春,黄界颖,等.Cu陵林冲尾矿库复垦土壤重金属含量及污染评价[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,34(10):1540-1545.CHEN LiWen,XU Xiaochun,HUSNG Jieying,et al.Concentration of heavy metal elements in reclaimed soil of linchong tailing reservoir in Tongling and its pollution assessment[J].Journal of Hefei University of Technology,2011,34(10):1540-1545.
饶绮鳞,张立城,代宏文.可持续发展的矿业生态技术范例---尾矿库复垦与污染防治技术[J].中国土地科学,2000,14(4):13-14.
周连碧,代宏文,吴亚君,等.胡家峪铜矿尾矿库复垦农作物种植研究[J].采矿技术,2002,2(2):54-56.
杨绍兰,陈云裳.尾矿库复垦对人群健康影响的研究[J].矿冶,1998,7(2):90-96.YANG Shaolan CHEN Yunshang.Research on effect of rehabilitation of tailings pond on multitude health[J].Mining&Metallurg,1998,7(2):90-96.
周连碧.矿山复垦与生态恢复[J].有色金属工业,2004,1(1):19-21.
杨才敏,卫元太,曲继宗.篦子沟矿尾矿库复垦的经济效益研究[J].山西水土保持科技,2000,(1):10-13.
徐友宁,张江华,柯海玲,等.农田土壤重金属污染风险评估及阻断研究[R].西安:西安地质矿产研究所.2010.
赵阿宁.陕西潼关金矿区农田土壤重金属污染评价与农作物相关性分析[D].西安:长安大学,2006:1-63.ZHAO Aning.The Assessment of Contamination And Correlation on Heavy Metal Between Famland And Cmps in II'0ngguan Gold Mining Area in Shaanxi[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2006:1-63.
苑春刚,张可刚,王振华,等.典型环境介质中气态砷挥发及多相迁移过程研究[A],第五届全国环境化学大会,大连:大连理工大学摘要[C].2009:79.
林陶.汞在水旱轮作系统的释放特征及其影响因素[R].重庆:西南大学,2007:1-31.LIN Tao.Characteristics of Mercury Release from Ricewheat/rape Rotation System and its Influencing Factors[R].Chongqing:Applicant for PhD Dissertation,Southwest University,2007:1-31.
徐友宁,张江华,科海玲,等.金矿开发农田土壤垂向上重金属含量响应研究[A].2010年学术年会论文摘要汇编[C].2010:322-332.
杨明君,樊民夫.旱作马铃薯根系拉力与冠层覆盖度对块茎膨大及产量的影响[J].华北农学报,1995,10(1):76-81.YANG Mingjun,FAN Minfu.The effect of root pulling resistance and canopy cover degrees on tuber expansion and Yieds of dryland tillage potato[J].Aeta Agriculturac Boreali-Sinica,1995,10(1):76-81.
雷建荣.秋菠菜高产优质栽培技术[J].中国园艺文摘,2009,25(8):111.
马青山,乔丽霞.大棚西红柿二次结果技术[J].农家之友,2004,(5):23-23.
徐士铁.彩色辣椒无公害高产高效栽培措施[J].吉林蔬菜,2012,(3):8-9.
杨振宇,张富仓,邹志荣.不同生育期水分亏缺和施氮量对茄子根系生长、产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(7):141-148.YANG Zhenyu,ZHANG Fucang,ZOU Zhirong.Coupling effects of deficit irrigation(Dl)in different growth stages and different nitrogen applications on root growth yield,WUE of eggplant[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Nat.Sci.Ed.),2010,38(7):141-148.
孙静.Cu陵地区早春豇豆栽培技术[J].蔬菜,2011,(9):7-8.
刘晶淼,安顺清,廖荣伟,等.玉米根系在土壤剖面中的分布研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(3):517-521.LIU Jingmiao,AN Shunqing,LIAO Rongwei,et al.Temporal variation and spatial distribution of the root system of corn in a soil profile[J].Chinese Journal of EcoAgriculture,2009,17(3):517-521.
刘荣花,朱自玺,方文松,等.冬小麦根系分布规律[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(11):2024-2027.LIU Ronghua,ZHU Zixi,FANGWEnsong,et al.Distribution pattern of w inter wheat root system[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2008,27(11):2024-2027.
李晶晶,彭恩泽.综述铬在土壤和植物中的赋存形式及迁移规律[J].工业安全与环保,2005,31(3):31-33.LI Jingjing,PENG Enze.Summariza in the Form of Chromium in Soil and plants and its minration law[J].Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection,2005,31(3):31-33
R.PARADELO,A.B.MOLDES,M.T.BARRAL.Characterization of slate processing fines according to parameters of relevance for mine spoil reclamation[J].Applied Clay Science,2008,(41):172-180.
JANA DOLE,ZALOVA,JI,VOJARA,DANIELASMOLOVA.Technical reclamation and spontaneous succession produce different water habitats:A case study from Czech post-mining sites[J].Ecological Engineering,2012,(43):5-12.
ROBERT TROPEK,TOMAS KADLECA,MARTIN HEJ-DA,et al.Technical reclamations are wasting the conservation potential of post-mining sites.A case study of black coal spoil dumps[J].Ecological Engineering,2012,(43):13-18.
SANGEETA MUKHOPADHYAY,S.K.Maitia,Masto.Use of Reclaimed Mine Soil Index(RMSI)for screening of tree species for reclamation of coal mine degraded land[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,(57):133-142.